Journals
2025 DE
Wirl Christian
Wasserstoff‐Permeation war bisher ein teures Problem: Goldbeschichtungen schützten Drucksensoren vor Wasserstoffdiffusion. Wika hat eine Alternative entwickelt: Titannitrid‐Schichten auf Elgiloy‐Basis minimieren Signaldrift kostengünstiger und ohne Kratzempfindlichkeit. Mechanische Manometer benötigen austenitischen Stahl und Sicherheitsstufe S3.
Journals
2025 DE
Fischer-Henningsen Doris
Im evolutionären Wettrüsten zwischen Fressfeind und Beute hat sich ein breites Repertoire an Methoden etabliert, unter anderem setzen Beutetiere oft chemische Abwehrmechanismen ein, um sich zu schützen. Diese Strategie, konkret die Produktion von Abwehrstoffen, war bisher vor allem von Insekten bekannt, nicht jedoch von Krebstieren, obwohl sie nahe phylogenetische Verwandte von Insekten sind. Ein Team von der Universität Greifswald hat nun entdeckt, dass die gewöhnliche Kellerassel einen Chemikalien‐Cocktail absondert, sobald sie angegriffen wird.
Journals
2025 EN
Rasmussen Seth C.
Abstract The invention of laminated safety glass is attributed to the French chemist and artist Edouard Benedictus (1878–1930), who developed the innovation known as Triplex glass after inspiration struck via a fortuitous laboratory accident. Licensed first to the English Triplex Safety Glass Company in 1912, with production later carried out in the US, Triplex glass was first applied to automobiles during the first World War. While the story of his lab accident can be found in many sources, it has become more legend than historical fact. To rectify this, a more accurate account of Benedictus and the development of Triplex glass is presented based on historical records.
Journals
2025 EN
Oleinik Anton
ABSTRACT McClelland's human motivation theory has been used to predict wars and conflicts since its inception. This article offers two novelties. First, the study contextualizes assessments of the imperial motivational pattern by comparing it across countries. Second, it uses an effect size metric, Cohen's d , instead of observed frequencies of power and affiliation words. The resulting assessment can indicate the prospects of negotiation or escalation in a conflict situation depending on the parties' motives. The analysis focuses on the Russo‐Ukrainian War and covers five countries: Russia, Ukraine, the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. The scope of comparisons includes war‐related speeches of those countries' leaders, war coverage by selected mass media outlets, and speeches and news items produced during WWII. Text corpora containing more than 93 million words in four languages (English, Russian, Ukrainian, and French) were processed using a version of the motive lexicon (dictionary). Although the Russo‐Ukrainian War did not reach WWII‐level animosity, the study indicates that the prospects for finding a negotiated solution remain dim. A high “power‐minus‐affiliation” gap characterized the speeches of the belligerent countries' leaders and war coverage by the national media.
Journals
2025 EN
Bouteloup Ni
Abstract While humor has invested all areas of society, it is still largely considered as an epiphenomenon in international security studies and a second‐rank topic when it comes to information warfare. This article explores to what extent humor functions as a key component of information warfare, with a focus on Israeli visual messaging in France and Spain in the digital space. Using qualitative visual content analysis of humor‐based tweets, it investigates how humor is a multifunctional tool of information warfare with a tactical, a social and an affective‐cognitive dimension. Humor is tactical because it is very rarely incidental but calculated on purpose to serve broader goals. It is social because it creates relationships between individuals by unifying and differentiating. It is ultimately affective‐cognitive because it shapes how people think and make sense of things while playing with emotions. This research contributes to the growing understanding of humor not only as entertainment but as a weapon of war.
Journals
2025 EN
McCarthy Claudine
ORLANDO, Fla. — John Jacobs, Co‐Founder and Chief Creative Optimist of the Life is Good apparel company, first learned about the power of positivity from his mother, who had plenty of reasons to become a pessimist. While he was in grade school, Jacobs's parents were in a near‐death car accident. Although his mother recovered, his father, who had been a very active World War II veteran, lost his right arm, which left him feeling very frustrated.
Journals
2025 EN
Yirga Gidey · Freckleton Robert P. · Beckerman Andrew P.
ABSTRACT In Tigray, northern Ethiopia, there is a long tradition of peaceful coexistence between spotted hyenas ( Crocuta crocuta ) and humans. While historically the coexistence has been relatively stable, we assessed the impact of the recent war in Tigray on this coexistence. We investigated the effects of war on the scavenging and hunting behavior of spotted hyenas, and the consequences for local people in Tigray. We compared current spotted hyena foraging at six battle sites with six control sites across Tigray using diet analysis, hyena abundance through playback experiments, and assessed human−wildlife interactions via semistructured interviews in 1200 households. Spotted hyena diets at both site types consisted exclusively of domestically derived prey; however, the composition of prey species differed significantly ( χ 2 = 64.03, df = 6, p = 0.001). Human hair was prevalent in hyena scats from battle sites but was absent in scats collected from the control sites. In total, 318 hyenas responded to 48 call stations, response rates were significantly higher at battle sites (x ¯ $$ {x} $$ = 36.7 ± 9.7 SD) than at control sites (x ¯ $$ {x} $$ = 16.3 ± 14.6 SD). There were several lines of evidence that human−wildlife interactions were more negative. Reported livestock predation was 18.85% higher at battle sites, with 78.5% of depredation events occurring during the war, compared to 6% pre‐war and 15.5% post‐war. We conclude that changes in hyena feeding behavior during the war and siege period can be linked to changes in the availability of scavengable food sources. These results yield insight not only into the consequences of war for the people of Tigray but also into how the many armed conflicts in regions with large scavenger/carnivore populations may have long‐lasting impacts on human−wildlife conflict around the globe.
Journals
2025 EN
BriersLouw Willem D. · Kendon Tamar · Hayes Andres
+2 more
ABSTRACT Large carnivores have profound regulatory effects on ecosystems and provide substantial socio‐economic benefits. However, mounting anthropogenic pressures are driving their global decline, threatening many species with extinction. Leopards, in particular, face challenges due to their wide‐ranging behavior, which exposes them to conflict with people and bycatch snaring, highlighting the importance of understanding their spatial ecology to develop more effective conservation strategies. This study aimed to estimate the home‐range size of female leopards ( n = 4) within the Zambezi Delta, a unique mesic landscape undergoing broad‐scale ecological recovery in central Mozambique. Home‐range sizes ranged from 46 to 365 km 2 , falling within the range of global estimates. Surprisingly, these home‐range sizes, along with additional parameter estimates such as daily distance moved and home‐range overlap, were most comparable with those reported in arid environments. With female leopards appearing to occupy larger areas than theoretically required based on energetic needs, it is plausible that their spatial ecology is likely influenced by low population density. As the population recovers, we anticipate a re‐structuring of socio‐spatial dynamics driven by dispersal‐regulated processes, with females likely contracting their home‐range and partitioning them to their philopatric daughters. This study provides the first robust estimation of leopard home ranges in Mozambique and provides critical insights into the spatial ecology of leopards in a post‐war landscape. We recommend long‐term monitoring to track changes in population demographics and socio‐spatial dynamics as restoration efforts continue across central Mozambique.
Journals
2025 EN
Abrao Osvaldo J. · Sievert Olivia · Roodbol Marnus
+7 more
ABSTRACT Globally, large carnivores face significant threats and have lost substantial portions of their historical range. The Brown Hyaena ( Parahyaena brunnea ), one of four Hyaenidae species, has a global population estimated at fewer than 10,000 individuals and the species is of conservation concern. Its population size in Mozambique remains unknown. Zinave National Park (Zinave) in Mozambique is undergoing recovery following the impacts of a prolonged civil war, which severely depleted its wildlife populations. Recently, however, the park has seen the return of large carnivores, both naturally (Spotted Hyaena; Crocuta crocuta , Leopard; Panthera pardus , and Lion; Panthera leo ) and reintroduced (Spotted Hyaena and Leopard) inside the sanctuary. During September 2023 to September 2024, through the establishment of a permanent camera trap grid and the periodic placement of camera traps on carcasses to monitor scavenger activity, the first images of Brown Hyaenas were recorded in Zinave. This provides evidence of their presence in an area not previously considered within the species extant range. This study highlights the importance of long‐term biodiversity monitoring, both inside and outside protected areas, using complementary methods such as active search efforts and camera trapping. These approaches are critical for documenting rare and cryptic species, species range shifts and generating essential data to guide effective conservation strategies.
Journals
2025 EN
Aloush Valerie · Gurfinkel Avital · Ablin Jacob N.
+1 more
ABSTRACT Background Fibromyalgia symptoms can be exacerbated by acute or chronic stress. Although military conflicts have been associated with increased rates of PTSD and fibromyalgia in military personnel, civilian populations exposed to such conflicts are also at a higher risk of chronic pain and somatic symptoms. Aim This study aims to assess the physical and mental health of fibromyalgia patients in Israel following the October 7th attacks and to identify key risk and protective factors. Methods An online survey conducted in January 2024 gathered data from fibromyalgia patients across Israel, a population exposed to intense conflict‐related stressors, including missile attacks, mass evacuations and widespread military mobilisation. The survey addressed demographics, health behaviours, access to medical services, anxiety, depression, coping mechanisms, social support and fibromyalgia‐specific indices like the Widespread Pain Index (WPI) and Symptom Severity Scale (SSS). Results Among 246 respondents, nearly 70% ceased complementary treatments and psychotherapy, and 83.3% reduced or stopped physical exercise. These patients reported heightened pain, anxiety, depression and perceived deterioration. Strong correlations were found between higher anxiety/depression levels and increased pain and somatic symptoms ( p < 0.01). Social support was associated with reduced anxiety and depression but not pain. Positive life orientation was linked to lower pain, somatic symptoms and mental distress ( p < 0.05). Avoidant coping strategies worsened outcomes, whereas problem‐focused coping and acceptance had protective effects. Conclusion The war has negatively affected the mental and physical health of fibromyalgia patients. Cessation of physical activity and therapy may contribute, whereas positive coping and life orientation can offer protection. Significance This study is the first to comprehensively examine the wellness of fibromyalgia patients during the war in Israel, highlighting the profound mental and physical deterioration in this population. By identifying key risk factors, such as cessation of physical activity and psychotherapy, and protective factors like positive coping strategies and life orientation, this work significantly advances our understanding of how acute conflict‐related stress exacerbates chronic pain conditions and provides critical insights for clinicians to support vulnerable populations in conflict zones.