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P. D. Makwana · Foram Patel · D.H. Pandya +2 more
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Journals 2025 EN

OGLE-2011-BLG-0462: An Isolated Stellar-Mass Black Hole Confirmed Using New HST Astrometry and Updated Photometry

Kailash C Sahu · Jay Anderson · Stefano Casertano +7 more

The long-duration Galactic-bulge microlensing event OGLE-2011-BLG-0462produced relativistic astrometric deflections of the source star, which wemeasured using HST observations taken at 8 epochs over ~6 years. Analysis ofthe microlensing light curve and astrometry led our group (followed by otherindependent groups) to conclude that the lens is an isolated stellar-mass blackhole (BH) -- the first and only one unambiguously discovered to date. Therehave now been three additional epochs of HST observations, increasing theastrometric time baseline to 11 years. Additionally, the ground-based OGLE datahave been updated. We have re-analyzed the data, including the new HSTastrometry, and photometry obtained with 16 different telescopes. The sourcelies only 0.4 arcsec from a bright neighbor, making it crucial to performprecise subtraction of its point-spread function (PSF) in the astrometricmeasurements of the source. Moreover, we show that it is essential to perform aseparate PSF subtraction for each individual HST frame as part of thereductions. Our final solution yields a lens mass of 7.15 +/- 0.83 solar mass.Combined with the lack of detected light from the lens at late HST epochs, theBH nature of the lens is conclusively verified. The BH lies at a distance of1.52 +/- 0.15 kpc, and is moving with a space velocity of 51.1 +/- 7.5 km/srelative to the stars in the neighborhood. We compare our results with those ofother studies and discuss reasons for the differences. We searched for binarycompanions of the BH at a range of separations but found no evidence for any.

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