Investigation of nikel(II) complexing with 2,6-dimerkapto-4-methilphenol and aminophenols

Complexing of nickel(II) with 2,6-dimercapto-4-methylphenol (DMMP) and hydrophobic amines was studied using physicochemical methods. Hydroxyl-containing amines-aminophenols (AP) were used as a hydrophobic amine. On the part of aminophenols, 2 (N, N-dimethylaminomethyl)-4-methylphenol (AP1), 2 (N, N-dimethylaminomethyl)-4-chlorophenol (AP2), and 2 (N, N-dimethylaminomethyl)-4-bromophenol (AP3) were used. Mixed-ligand complexes were formed in a weakly acidic medium (pHopt 4.6–6.4). Ni(II) is recovered by chloroform by 98.6–99.5% in the form of a mixed-ligand complex (MLC) per single extraction. The optimal conditions for the formation and extraction of these compounds are 1.12 × 10-3 mol/L concentration of DMMP and 0.88 × 10-3 mol/L – AP. Changing the concentration of the reagents does not change the composition of the complexes. MLC of Ni(II) with DMMP and AP are stable in aqueous and organic solvents and do not decompose within three days and for more than a month after extraction. The ratio of reacting components in MLC corresponds to Ni (II): DMMP : AP = 1 : 2 : 2. in the formation of MLC, the coordinating ion is Ni2+. Complexing proceeds with the displacement of a proton from a DMMP molecule. Maximum light absorption is observed at λ = 520–530 nm. The molar coefficients of light absorption are (3.78-3.95) × 10 4. Based on the obtained data photometric methods for the determination of nickel in various industrial and natural objects were developed.

Prevalence of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Subclinical Infection in Patients with Acute Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)

Background: Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) defined as a bleeding disorder in which the number and production of platelets reduced by the immune system; however, the destruction of peripheral blood platelets also occurs. Although its exact etiology and pathogenesis not already know, several studies have shown that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) known as possible causative agents of ITP. This investigation aims to evaluate the presence of CMV and EBV in two groups of case and control by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Materials and Methods: We considered the presence of CMV and EBV in 48 acute ITP patients and 48 healthy people. Study participants were recruited from Ahvaz Shafa Hospital between 2017 and 2018 and the presence of two viruses was investigated by (PCR). Results: Out of 48 acute ITP patients, the CMV DNA was detected from the blood of 12 (25%) patients and the EBV DNA from the blood of 2 (4.2%) other patients. In addition, only one patient was (2.1%) co-infected with CMV and EBV. In contrast, in 48 healthy subjects, 3 (6.6%) had CMV and none of the control group was infected with EBV. Conclusion: Due to the presence of both EBV and CMV in the acute ITP patients in Ahvaz, they can be considered as factors in the progression of this disease. Therefore, consideration of the methods of elimination and treatment of these two viruses in these patients may be used as a treatment strategy in ITP patients in the future.

Evaluating Related Factors to the Number of Involved Lymph Nodes in Patients with Breast Cancer Using Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial Regression Model

Background and aims: In Iran, breast cancer accounts for 24.4% of all cancers and contributes to 14.2% of cancer-associated mortality in women. A major challenge facing the health system is to examine the health status of patients with breast cancer, which often involves the axillary lymph nodes. The number of involved nodes should be clinically predicted to ascertain postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The present study employed regression models to investigate the determinants of the number of lymph nodes involved in patients with breast cancer. Methods: This retrospective study recruited patients diagnosed with breast cancer during 2005-2015 referring to Shafa Hospital affiliated to Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. The outcome variable was the number of involved lymph nodes. Regression models for count outcomes, were utilized for investigating the related factors to the number of involved lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer. Results: A sample of 165 patients was eligible for the present study. The Akaike information criterion (AIC) of the zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) model was the lowest. The logistic part showed that absence of metastasis significantly increased the chance of node-negative breast cancer (P=0.027). The negative binomial part revealed an increase of 86% in the risk of a greater number of involved nodes in stage III breast cancer compared to stages I and II, suggesting that the patients were at a high risk (P=0.006). Conclusion: Metastasis status and tumor grade significantly relate to the number of lymph nodes involved in breast cancer. Determining the factors associated with nodal involvement is crucial for the early diagnosis of breast cancer by clinicians.

Comparison of the effectiveness of Aloe Vera gel with 2% Nitrofurazone ointment on the healing of superficial partial-thickness burns: A randomized clinical trial study

Background & Aim: Routine treatment of burn injuries is dressing with Nitrofurazone ointment. It has several complications, including sensitivity. Aloe Vera is a traditional treatment for wound healing.  This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Aloe Vera gel with Nitrofurazone ointment in the healing of superficial partial-thickness burns. Methods & Materials: The present study was a split body controlled clinical trial which was carried out on 30 patients with superficial partial-thickness burns. The study was conducted in the Shafa Hospital in Kerman, Iran, in 2016. The sample was recruited from patients who had at least two burns, each burn on an alternate side of the body. On their burns, samples were allocated to two groups that received Aloe Vera gel or 2% Nitrofurazone ointment. Bates-Jensen Wound assessment tool was used to evaluate the healing of burns. Statistical analysis was conducted by SPSS-16 and using the repeated measure ANOVA. Results: The repeated measure ANOVA showed that there was a significant change in the score of BWAT in all areas during the intervention period (p=0.001), but the trend of healing in the two groups during the intervention period was not significantly different (p=0.098). Conclusion: Based on this study, it looks like Aloe vera gel is as effective as 2% Nitrofurazone ointment in healing wounds.

Disposal of the Dead: Is UK law fit for modern use?

Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Galam (Melaleuca cajuputi subsp. Cumingiana (Turcz.) Barlow) Extract against E. coli bacteria and C. albicans fungi

Galam (Melaleuca cajuputi subsp. Cumingiana (Turcz.) Barlow) is a peat swamp forest plant. This plant is used to treat respiratory diseases, colitis, sore throat, itchy skin, diarrhea, and dizziness. This study aimed to analyze the antibacterial and antifungal activity of the methanol extract of M. cajuputi subsp. Cumingiana (Turcz.) Barlow flowers and fruit against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans bacteria. This research is a pretest-posttest research with control group design and consists of 3 stages of research. The first stage is the phytochemical screening test, the second stage determines the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the third determines the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The results showed that the methanol extract of M. cajuputi subsp. Cumingiana (Turcz.) Barlow flowers and fruit contained terpenoids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, quinones, steroids, tannins, while alkaloid compounds only found in the methanol extract of M. cajuputi subsp. Cumingiana (Turcz.) Barlow fruit. The MIC and MBC values of M. cajuputi subsp. Cumingiana (Turcz.) Barlow flower methanol extract against E. coli were 1.67 and 2.083 mg/mL, respectively, while the MIC and MBC values of the methanol extract of M. cajuputi subsp. Cumingiana (Turcz.) Barlow flower against C. albicans were 3.125 and 25 mg/mL. The MIC and MBC values of the methanol extract of M. cajuputi subsp. Cumingiana (Turcz.) Barlow fruit against E. coli have same value  were 3.334 mg/mL, while the MIC and MBC values of the methanol extract of M. cajuputi subsp. Cumingiana (Turcz.) Barlow fruit against C. albicans were 3.125 and 12.5 mg/mL, respectively. Keywords: Galam  antibacterial, antifungal, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans

Comparison of ratios combination calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 with red pine (Pinus densiflora) of viscosity

Background: Calcium hydroxide is a gold standard for root canal sealing material. However, there are many defects in calcium hydroxide that have prompted many researchers to look for alternative materials, including natural origin ingredients. Red pine (Pinus densiflora) is often used in dentistry for its antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The mixture of calcium hydroxide and red pine has never been achieved before. One of the criteria for material sealing is that the channel should be fully sealed with high flow ability and low viscosity. Therefore, this research is performed to analyze the viscosity value of the mixture of calcium hydroxide and red pine (Pinus densiflora). Purpose: Knowing the difference in viscosity of the combination of calcium hydroxide and red pine with a ratio of 1:1, 1:1.5, and 1:2. Methods: This study used four treatment groups, with each group consisting of 8 replications. Group 1 was a combination of calcium hydroxide and red pine with a 1: 1, group 2 the ratio was 1: 1.5, group 3 had the ratio 1: 2, and the positive control group used calcium hydroxide and a sterile aquadest. Calcium hydroxide in powder form and an extract of red pine in liquid form are mixed according to the ratio. The viscosity value is measured using a viscosity tester, namely the Brookfield Viscometer. Results: The control group had a lower viscosity than group 3, group 3, and group 2 than group 1. Conclusion: Combination of calcium hydroxide and red pine with a ratio of 1:2, the lowest viscosity was obtained compared to the ratio of 1: 1 and 1: 1.5

Comparison of ratios combination calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 with red pine (Pinus densiflora) of viscosity

THE BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) RELATED TO MENOPAUSE SYMPTOMS

AbstractBackground : Menopause is a natural period in a woman's life related to hormonal changes and is marked by the cessation of menstruation in the last 12 months and can cause a wide range of sometimes bothersome menopause symptoms. That menopause symptoms associated with several risk factors such as Body Mass Index (BMI) and knowledge. The study aims to identify the relationship of BMI and knowledge with menopause symptoms in the Shafa group Padang Petok Nagari Panti Selatan. Method : This research is analitic observational research with cross sectional approach. The sampling technique was carried out by total sampling consisting of 55 respondents with inclusion criteria menopause women aged 45-65 years who have not experienced dementia, have good awareness and willing to be respondents. Data were obtained by weighing, measuring height and filling out The Menopause Rating Scale to evaluate the severity of menopause-related symptoms by respondents. Afterwards the data was analyzed by the Spearman rho test to see the association between BMI and knowledge with menopause symptoms. Result : The research shows 65,4% respondents with high BMI, 72,7% with lacking of knowledge and 60% with severe menopause symptoms. The results of the Spearman rho test showed a relationship between BMI and menopause symptoms (p value = 0.000), but there is no relationship between knowledge of menopause and menopause symptoms (p= 0,450).  Conclusion : BMI related to menopause symptoms. Menopause women must monitor their weight in an effort to prevent these complaints.

PELAYANAN KEFARMASIAN DI BEBERAPA APOTEK DI INDONESIA PADA ERA PANDEMI COVID-19

Latar Belakang: COVID-19 telah mempengaruhi aspek kesehatan. Apoteker perlu merumuskan strategi dan inovasi dalam menghadapi pandemi ini untuk memberikan pelayanan kefarmasian kepada masyarakat. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak, pelayanan kefarmasian, dan inovasi pelayanan kefarmasian di apotek komunitas Indonesia pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara observasional dan desain cross-sectional. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang disebarkan secara daring. Sebanyak 96 apoteker berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan distribusi data ditampilkan berdasarkan frekuensi dan persentase dari hasil kuesioner. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pandemi COVID-19 ini berdampak pada (60,4%) pelayanan apotek di Indonesia karena terjadi peningkatan permintaan beberapa produk farmasi (suplemen, vitamin, dan alat kesehatan) yang dapat menekan sistem rantai pasokan obat. Pelayanan kefarmasian saat COVID-19 sudah diterapkan oleh beberapa apotek di Indonesia (31,25%, n=30) sesuai Pedoman Kemenkes RI terkait Pedoman Kesiapsiagaan COVID-19 Rev 02 Tahun 2020. Selain itu, beberapa apotek di Indonesia (71,88%, n=69) telah menerapkan E-pharmacy, pembayaran nontunai, layanan resep dan swamedikasi secara daring, serta pengiriman obat ke rumah pasien di masa pandemi COVID-19. Kesimpulan: Dampak pandemi COVID-19 pada pelayanan kefarmasian di apotek komunitas yakni penerapan e-pharmacy dan sebagian besar apotek telah menerapkan prosedur operasional yang sesuai.Kata Kunci: apotek komunitas, COVID-19, pelayanan kefarmasian, apoteker, Indonesia