Traumatic Globe Enucleation After Blunt Head Injury

Potential Use of Ipil-Ipil (Leucaena leucocephala Lam.) As Fish Feed Ingredient: A Mini-review

Consistency-Based Semi-supervised Evidential Active Learning for Diagnostic Radiograph Classification

Deep learning approaches achieve state-of-the-art performance for classifyingradiology images, but rely on large labelled datasets that requireresource-intensive annotation by specialists. Both semi-supervised learning andactive learning can be utilised to mitigate this annotation burden. However,there is limited work on combining the advantages of semi-supervised and activelearning approaches for multi-label medical image classification. Here, weintroduce a novel Consistency-based Semi-supervised Evidential Active Learningframework (CSEAL). Specifically, we leverage predictive uncertainty based ontheories of evidence and subjective logic to develop an end-to-end integratedapproach that combines consistency-based semi-supervised learning withuncertainty-based active learning. We apply our approach to enhance fourleading consistency-based semi-supervised learning methods: Pseudo-labelling,Virtual Adversarial Training, Mean Teacher and NoTeacher. Extensive evaluationson multi-label Chest X-Ray classification tasks demonstrate that CSEAL achievessubstantive performance improvements over two leading semi-supervised activelearning baselines. Further, a class-wise breakdown of results shows that ourapproach can substantially improve accuracy on rarer abnormalities with fewerlabelled samples.

Organic sensitization of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide thin films for photovoltaic applications

Summary In this work, a new organic compound (K‐Azo) was introduced to enhance the electrical and optical performance of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced GO (rGO) nanostructured films. The improved and modified chemical vapour method was employed for the synthesis of GO and rGO. The photophysical characterization of thin films was performed by applying analytical techniques including X‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet‐visible, and Raman spectroscopy. The electrical properties (I‐V characteristic) of GO and rGO thin films displayed higher conductivity which was 4.07 × 10 −7 and 1.10 × 10 −3 S/cm, respectively in the presence of organic sensitizer. However, GO and rGO thin films showed 9.91 × 10 −7 and 6.17 × 10 −4 S/cm, respectively in the absence of K‐Azo sensitizer. Optical and electrical investigations indicated that the characteristics of GO and rGO were improved due to the presence of organic sensitizer. The long‐range π‐electron delocalization in organic sensitizer contributed to higher conductivity for potential photovoltaic solar cell applications.

Prevalence of occult hepatitis C virus infection in beta-thalassemia major patients in Ahvaz, Iran

Occult hepatitis C virus infection (OCI) is defined by the presence of HCV RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and liver tissue cells despite the absence of HCV RNA in plasma. Currently, OCI is classified into two types: seropositive OCI (anti-HCV positive and serum HCV RNA negative) and seronegative OCI (anti-HCV and serum HCV RNA negative). Beta-thalassemia is described as a blood disorder that decreases the synthesis of hemoglobin. Repeated blood transfusion is the standard treatment for patients with beta-thalassemia major (BTM), and this increases the risk of exposure to infectious agents. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of OCI among BTM patients. Plasma and PBMCs were collected from 90 BTM patients who were referred to Shafa Hospital in the city of Ahvaz and were screened for HCV antibody using a commercial ELISA kit as the first step. Next, nested RT-PCR was performed on extracts of plasma and PBMCs. HCV RNA from positive PBMCs was sequenced, the sequences were aligned, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed to determine their relationship to reference sequences retrieved from the GenBank database. Seventy-nine out of 90 patients (87.8%) were negative for HCV Ab (seronegative), while 11 patients (12.2%) were seropositive. HCV RNA was found in PBMCs of four patients (66.7%) who were negative for HCV Ab (seronegative) and two patients (33.3%) who were positive for HCV Ab (seropositive). HCV RNA was not detected in plasma samples from these six patients. Six out of 90 BTM patients (6.7%) had OCI. HCV genotyping revealed that all six patients were infected with HCV subtype 3a. We found a high frequency of OCI in BTM patients, which warrants more attention, considering the importance of this infection. Further studies are needed to determine the actual prevalence of OCI in BTM patients in Iran.

Comparison between camcorder, frontal head and temporal mounted action-cam in digestive surgery: Documentation and educational alternative during COVID-19 pandemic

COVID-19 pandemic has made impact both in clinical and educational settings. The number of surgeries has decreased; thus, the surgery videos of all cases are important for both documentation and education. This study aimed to compare three kinds of cameras in recording digestive surgery.

Clinical findings and management of diaphragmatic rupture with hernia caused by safety body harness: A case report

Acute blunt traumatic diaphragmatic rupture (BTDR) caused by falling from a height is rare. Transabdominal diaphragmatic repair in an acute setting following BTDR requires good clinical decision-making and diagnostic tests. Case presentation A 36-year-old male was involved in a work accident. He fell from a 30-m radio transmitter tower while wearing an attached safety body harness. He arrived in the emergency room with complaints of breathing difficulty, abdominal and pelvic pain. We discovered a diaphragmatic rupture with abdominal organ herniation based on the imaging. We decided to perform an emergency laparotomy. We discovered a 12cm diaphragmatic defect on the anteromedial side of the left during surgery. We carried out the evacuation by suction and controlled the bleeding in the wound at the edge of the diaphragm. On postoperative day 4 (POD), the patient complained of dyspnea, and chest radiology revealed a hemothorax in the left lung. We then installed a water-sealed drainage (WSD) until POD 6. On the following day, his complaint was resolved, the WSD was removed and the patient was discharged uneventfully. Discussion Abdominal CT scan can be helpful in determining early diagnosis of traumatic diaphragm rupture with abdominal organ herniation, allowing for prompt surgical intervention to minimize morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, reinforced sutures might be useful to prevent recurrence of the symptoms. Conclusion In conclusion, injury due to wearing a safety body harness when falling can be a potential cause of BTDR. Management of BTDR transabdominally is a safe and effective procedure.

Spontaneous cystic biloma after laparoscopic cholecystectomy treated conservatively: A case report

Biloma forms due to common bile duct (CBD) injury as a laparoscopic cholecystectomy complication. Spontaneous localized biloma forming cysts in the biliary duct is rare. Presentation of case We report a 47-year-old male with complaint of a painful lump in the upper abdomen two months after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) found a large epigastric cyst mass, without any signs of CBD injury. Patient was managed with percutaneous drainage in the outpatient clinic and kept the contents of the drainage bag for evaluation. After two months follow-up the outcome was favorable. Discussion Biloma forming cysts is a very rare complication post laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Biloma most common occurs as free fluid in the abdominal cavity. Clinical diagnostics, intraoperative historical evaluation and support with MRCP may determine the treatment options. Decision to manage with non-operative procedures by percutaneous drainage and evaluations of the patient in the outpatient clinic had a favorable outcome. Conclusion Post laparoscopic biloma cysts are a very rare case. Management with percutaneous drainage in an outpatient clinic and ambulatory drainage is an effective and safe procedure.

Management of gallstone-induced severe acute cholecystitis and pancreatitis in the second trimester of pregnancy during covid-19 pandemic: A case report

Gallstone-induced severe acute cholecystitis with acute pancreatitis during pregnancy can be life-threatening both for the mother and fetus. Surgical approach is recommended in this complicated disease to prevent morbidity and mortality. During COVID-19 pandemic, additional precautions are needed when dealing with abdominal complaints. Presentation of case We present a 37-year-old female patient, pregnant at 22 weeks gestational age, who complained of fever, diffuse abdominal pain, and shortness of breath. Laboratory examination results revealed anemia, leukocytosis and an increase in amylase level. SARS-CoV-2 antibody is non-reactive. Imaging strongly suggested cholelithiasis and cholecystitis. The patient was given antibiotics for three days but there was no significant improvement. Open cholecystectomy with subcostal (Kocher) incision was performed. Patient was released from the hospital without post-operative complications. Discussion Treatment of gallstone induced severe acute cholecystitis with acute pancreatitis during pregnancy is challenging with the surgical complications. In the second and third trimester of pregnancy, it is more difficult to perform laparoscopic cholecystectomy because of the size of uterus. Laparoscopic procedure is also not recommended in early Covid-19 pandemic period. Therefore, open cholecystectomy with Kocher incision becomes the surgery of choice to avoid preterm birth. Conclusions Based on our case, open cholecystectomy with Kocher incision is a safe and effective procedure for pregnant patients with cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, and pancreatitis.

Gallbladder adhesion degree as predictor of conversion surgery, common bile duct injury and resurgery in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A cross-sectional study

Background The gold-standard treatment for cholecystectomy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, has remarkably variable outcomes and conversion rates. We investigated the gallbladder adhesion degree as a predictor of conversion surgery, common bile duct injury, and resurgery. Methods We reviewed 157 medical records and video recordings of laparoscopic cholecystectomy on patients with cholelithiasis with or without cholecystitis at three hospitals in Yogyakarta, Indonesia from January 2016 to December 2018. The degree of gallbladder adhesion is classified into 4 categories: no adhesion, <50% adhesion, 50%-buried GB, and completely buried GB. Results One hundred fifty seven patients were involved in this study, of whom 58 were males and 99 females with average age 49.2. Eighty-one patients out of 157 patients (51.6%) had gallbladder adhesion comprising of 61/157 (38.9%) with <50% adhesion and 20/157 (12.7%) 50%-buried GB. There is one incidence each of conversion surgery, CBD injury, and resurgery. The degree of GB adhesion has low degree of correlation with conversion surgery, CBD injury, and resurgery wirh r value of 0.156, 0.041, and 0.156 respectively. There is significant correlation between the degree of GB adhesion and conversion surgery and resurgery with p value of 0.032, and 0.032 respectively. There is no significant correlation between degree of GB adhesion and CBD injury with p value of 0.453. Conclusion The degree of GB adhesion has low degree of correlation with conversion, CBD injury and resurgery. This study also showed that patients with high degree of gallbladder adhesion are still eligible for laparoscopic procedure performed by an experienced surgeon.