Analysis of the factors affecting petrol station values in Turkey

This study aims to provide the users with formulas for petrol station value estimation activities in Turkey. Firstly, 432 advertisements were used to estimate the asking price of the real estate listings dataset. Secondly, data obtained from 239 valuation reports were used to estimate value. The data were analysed with regression analysis, the variables were found to explain 68.7% of the asking price in the advertisement data and 90.7% of the value in the valuation reports. The results indicated that users could estimate the value of a petrol station by using some of the advertisement data or valuation reports in the estimation. This study can help valuers, especially in cases where access to the actual sales data is required for the market approach, the data needed for the cost approach, and the time needed for value estimation are limited. Our findings indicate that the share of ancillary revenues in the total revenues of petrol stations increased. In Turkey, the revenues of petrol stations, and the revenues from sales of petroleum products increased by 189%, and ancillary revenues by 326% from 2016 to 2021. Moreover, the value of petrol stations belong to one of the five major dealers increase by 24.4%.

Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Selective Control Assessment of the Lower Extremity (SCALE) in children with spastic cerebral palsy

This study aims to translate the Selective Control Assessment of the Lower Extremity (SCALE) into Turkish language, assess its reliability and validity in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Fifty-two children with CP (mean age 9 years 8 months, range 4–18 years) included in this cross-sectional study. Intra- and interrater reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The SCALE was correlated with the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), the Physician’s Rating Scale (PRS), and Gross Motor Function Measurement (GMFM) to assess validity. Intra- and interrater reliability of the SCALE were excellent (ICC > 0.75). SCALE and GMFCS ( r = −0.786, p  < 0.001), SCALE and PRS ( r  = 0.761, p  < 0.001), SCALE and GMFM ( r  = 0.863, p  < 0.001) were highly correlated. SCALE scores differed significantly between GMFCS levels and between types of spastic CP. The Turkish version of the SCALE appears to be a valid and reliable tool to assess selective voluntary motor control of the lower limbs in children with spastic CP.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONThe Turkish version of the Selective Control Assessment of the Lower Extremity is a valid and reliable assessment for children with spastic CP.The SCALE scores differed significantly between Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I versus II and levels II versus III as well as between types of spastic CP.The current study suggests that the SCALE is a quick and easy outcome measure to assess selective motor control in patients with spastic CP. The Turkish version of the Selective Control Assessment of the Lower Extremity is a valid and reliable assessment for children with spastic CP. The SCALE scores differed significantly between Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I versus II and levels II versus III as well as between types of spastic CP. The current study suggests that the SCALE is a quick and easy outcome measure to assess selective motor control in patients with spastic CP.

“How Well” and “How Often” questions for birth brachial plexus injury: a validity and reliability of the pediatric upper extremity motor activity log-revised

The pediatric upper extremity motor activity log-revised (PMAL-R) is a structured interview that measures use of the affected arm in daily life in children with unilateral pathologies like hemiparetic cerebral palsy (CP) or birth brachial plexus injury (BBPI). This study investigated validity and test–retest reliability of the PMAL-R in children with BBPI. The PMAL-R was administered to parents of 132 children with BBPI between 5 and 9 years for validity, also 98 parents were re-interviewed after 3 weeks to establish test–retest reliability. Its concurrent validity was examined by correlating scores on the PMAL-R How Well (HW) and How Often (HO) scales with Brachial Plexus Outcome Measure (BPOM) and Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI) scores. PMAL-R scores were strongly correlated with BPOM scores (HW, r  = 0.943, p  < 0.001; HO, r  = 0.897, p  < 0.001), also strongly correlated with PODCI (HW, r  = 0.799, p  < 0.001; HO, r  = 0.797, p  < 0.001). PMAL-R test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation; HO = 0.997, HW = 0.998) and internal consistency (Cronbach’s a; HO = 0.99, HW = 0.99) were high. The PMAL-R has good reliability and validity for measuring everyday use of the affected arm with “how often” and “how well” questions in children with BBPI.Implications for rehabilitationThe pediatric upper extremity motor activity log-revised (PMAL-R) is the first tool to assess both “how often” and “how well” the affected arm is used in unimanual activities in children with BBPI.PMAL-R is a real-world measure providing valuable information about “how often” and “how well” the affected arm is used to guide treatment.PMAL-R is valid in both concurrent and discriminative validity in children with BBPI.PMAL-R is reliable in children with BBPI. The pediatric upper extremity motor activity log-revised (PMAL-R) is the first tool to assess both “how often” and “how well” the affected arm is used in unimanual activities in children with BBPI. PMAL-R is a real-world measure providing valuable information about “how often” and “how well” the affected arm is used to guide treatment. PMAL-R is valid in both concurrent and discriminative validity in children with BBPI. PMAL-R is reliable in children with BBPI.

The political consequences of dependent financialization: Capital flows, crisis and the authoritarian turn in Turkey

Recent debates on financialization in emerging market economies highlight the terms of unequal exchange that they are embedded in, where international capital flows steered by powerful financial actors and transnationalized banks have a major impact on economic growth performance. As a result, many of the small open economies in the Global South have become increasingly sensitive to international market volatilities, as the post-2008 Global Financial Crisis (GFC) episode has shown. Yet, we know much less about the political implications of these interactions. How do unequal financial relations influence political trajectories in emerging market economies? Using process tracing and based on original evidence from Turkey, we find that when GDP growth is dependent on financial inflows under a credit-led growth model, the constraints on the domestic policy space following an economic crisis allowed the ruling party to instrumentalize monetary and regulatory institutions as financial agents of political repression.

Erdoğan’s ‘New’ Turkey. Attempted Coup d’état and the acceleration of political crisis edited by Nikos Christofis, Routledge, London and New York, 2020, Hardback £115, E-book £ 33.29, Hardback ISBN 9780367352509, E-book ISBN 9780429330216; ISBN 9780367352509

Who receives clientelistic benefits? Social identity, relative deprivation, and clientelistic acceptance among Turkish voters

Why do voters accept clientelism? Previous research suggests that poorer voters are more likely to accept clientelistic benefits. However, identities may moderate the effect of poverty through identity-based economic comparisons across groups. The role identity plays in partisanship, and dense ethnic identity networks may make it easier for parties to enforce clientelism among specific groups. This paper presents evidence from a survey experiment in Turkey to argue that politicized Kurdish ethnic identity, combined with heightened perceptions of relative economic deprivation, explains why certain voter groups are more likely to accept clientelism. Additionally, experimental evidence shows that support for clientelism may depend on the quality of benefits rather than quantity. Focusing only on the amount of resources or the recipients’ economic conditions may fail to explain why certain voters accept clientelism more in the Turkish context.

Evaluation of forensic autopsy cases with substance use detected in Izmir, Turkey

Using postmortem toxicological analyses, we aimed to determine the origin and cause of death and type of substance used in substance use-related deaths. A total of 7475 autopsies were performed between January 2015 and December 2017 in İzmir, Turkey. In our retrospective analysis, substance use was detected in 449 (6.0%) autopsies. The majority (96.4%) were male. The most frequent deaths (18.5%) occurred in the 25–29 age group. Of the 55.2% of the cases that died of unnatural causes, accident-related events (22.9%) were most frequent. Trauma/injury caused death in 37.0% of cases and substance intoxication in 24.7%. Cannabis use was detected in 34.3% of the samples, and multiple substance use in 25.4%. Accordingly, It is thought that a multidisciplinary approach can be successful in preventing substance use and related problems.

Examination of childhood trauma and self-esteem of individuals who applied to the probation office due to substance use

Substance use is increasing worldwide, and this creates serious social, economic and psychological problems. This study aims to examine the sociodemographic, childhood trauma (CT), self-esteem level and clinical data of individuals diagnosed with substance use disorder (SUD) who applied to the Probation Unit and the control group and it also aims to compare these data. In this prospective cohort study, 73 individuals diagnosed with SUD, and a control group consisting of 73 simple randomly selected healthy individuals. It was determined that the participants in the SUD group had extremely significantly lower self-esteem and had a high level of CT exposure compared to the control group. When all the cases were examined in the study, it was observed that as the level of self-esteem decreased, the rate of exposure of CT was significantly higher. Participants with SUD were more exposed to emotional abuse, physical abuse, physical neglect, and physical abuse compared to control group. It was determined that those with substance use had a high rate of childhood trauma and low self-esteem. In effective fight against substance abuse, it was thought that sociocultural programs should be implemented, and accessibility of these programs should be expanded in order to increase individuals’ self-esteem levels.

Double punch to the better than nothing: physical activity participation of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder

Participation in physical activity (PA) occurs differently in each individual. Investigating how it comes about in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is seen as an area that does not receive enough attention. In this paper, which was designed to get more information and contribute to the field, the participation of adolescents with ASD in PA was examined in line with the socio-ecological model through the opinions of 17 Turkish parents. Semi-structured interviews well-used to understand the perspective of parents’, and as a main themes constraints and facilitating factors affecting participation of adolescents with ASD in PA were determined. When investigated in terms of intrapersonal factors, which are the first stage of the model, are examined, it is seen that ASD related problems as a constraint and experiences as a facilitator were the foremost themes. Interpersonal constraints were prejudice and family attitude while facilitators were family attitude and attitude of close surroundings. In environmental factors, the main constraints were adapted physical activity (APA) opportunities, while facilitators were neighborhood and facilities. While negative PA approaches of organizations was an institutional constraint, positive PA approach of organizations was a facilitator. In the final stages of the model, in terms of public policy, the constraint was not meeting expectations of current policies and the facilitator was improvements in policies. Consequently, it was understood that adolescents with ASD still participate in PA in some way even though they encounter many constraints when participating in physical activities, the constraints outweigh the facilitating factors.

Persistency of military spending and fiscal policy responses to Covid-19

Using a relatively large time-varying cross-country panel dataset of fiscal policy responses to the Covid-19 pandemic, this paper examines the relationship between military spending persistency and the size of the fiscal stimulus packages. The results suggest that countries with more persistent military spending have had smaller fiscal-stimulus packages during the Covid-19 pandemic.