Journals
2026 EN
Wang Xiaoyu · Yan Kelu · Wen Jiangwei
+4 more
Polysubstituted alkenes are versatile molecules and their multidimensional transformations have significant promotion for the creation and screening of chemotherapeutic agents and polyolefin functional materials. The difunctionalization of alkynes is an inevitable pathway for the generation of highly substituted alkenes with specific conformations . However, there is currently limited development on the construction of β ‐alkylated enamides through 1,2‐alkylamination of alkynes, and the newly generated CC and CN bonds in traditional reports maintain syn ‐stereoselectivity. In addition, the formation of anti CC/CN bonds through difunctionalization of alkynes via free radical processes is overly dependent on electron deficient fluorinated alkyl radicals. We therefore seek to explore anti ‐stereoselective and β ‐regioselective 1,2‐alkylamination of alkynes with amides and azobis(alkylcarbonitriles). Dozens of all‐new β ‐alkylated enamides, including those containing biologically active patterns, are exported in 38%–88% yields by combining the addition of alkyl radicals to CC triple bonds with copper chelate‐assisted functionalization of vinyl radicals. In addition, extensive mechanism explorations and synthetic applications are also conducted to explore the details and potential of this protocol.
Journals
2026 EN
Söderberg Elisabeth · Molenaar Marianne R. · Zaczyk Katarzyna
+3 more
Ancestral Sequence Reconstruction The cover illustrates how an engineered ancestral amide‐bond synthetase surprisingly has a more flexible C‐terminal domain (coloured in yellow) which is associated with broadened amine substrate scope. Its relaxed dependency on Mg together with ATP recycling using a single polyphosphate kinase paves the way for applications in amide synthesis. More information can be found in the Research Article by Per‐Olof Syrén and co‐workers ( 10.1002/adsc.70232 ).
Journals
2026 EN
Ryan Amelia K. · Israel Atara · Stefoni Maria Celina
+2 more
Abstract Single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) can serve as powerful transducers for optical nanobiosensors. As near‐infrared (NIR) fluorophores, they are used for a wide variety of biological sensing and imaging applications in vitro and in vivo. Rational biosensor design relies on the use of biological recognition elements to detect the sensor's target. In rationally designing SWCNT nanobiosensors, the nanotubes are functionalized with a biological recognition motif, whose binding event induces a modulation in SWCNT fluorescence, which can be measured with NIR spectroscopy in a well plate or cuvette, in cells, or through tissue of live animals. In this review, the sensor design strategies and functional outcomes of rationally‐designed optical SWCNT sensors are assessed that employ biological recognition elements for analyte specificity. The biomolecular recognition elements are divided into categories of proteins, peptides, or oligonucleotides, and assessed functionalization schemes, highlighting advances made in the fields of biomedical sensing and imaging through rational design. Finally, a perspective is offered on remaining challenges and future directions for the field of SWCNT optical sensor engineering and hurdles for translation to the clinic.
Journals
2026 EN
Cheong Ying Zhi · Yang Mingjie · Dhanabalan Shanmuga Sundar
+4 more
Abstract Excessive sun exposure is the major environmental risk factor for melanoma and other types of skin cancer. Reducing cumulative exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and avoiding repeated, sporadic episodes of acute photodamage can drastically lower this risk. Photodamage after sun exposure can be assessed by monitoring erythema – skin redness – and increased pigmentation, both key indicators of excessive UV exposure. In this work, a compact optical device designed to monitor changes in pigmentation and erythema through reflectance measurements using four micro‐LEDs is presented, emitting at 405, 572, 650, and 700 nm, and a photodiode with extended visible‐near infrared sensitivity. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to optimize the device design by evaluating light penetration into skin tissue as a function of source‐to‐detector distance to target key chromophores. The device is validated using skin‐mimicking tissue phantoms containing coffee, with similar optical properties to melanin, and hemoglobin to simulate changes in pigmentation and erythema, respectively. Using a signal‐to‐noise ratio threshold of 2, it is able to detect changes in pigmentation as small as 5% across all phototypes and erythema changes in lighter skin tones. This miniaturized device shows potential for personalized skin monitoring in therapeutic, cosmetic, and diagnostic applications.
Journals
2026 EN
Abend Titus · Fuchs Margret · Beyer Jan
+5 more
ABSTRACT Rare earth elements are increasingly seen as critical raw materials and are currently the subject of geopolitical interests. To boost mineral exploration and extraction, it is important to ensure the rapid identification and mapping of rare earth elements, and non‐invasive spectroscopy‐based technologies could offer suitable solutions. We therefore investigated the potential of an integrated sensor system that combines hyperspectral and laser‐induced fluorescence imaging as a non‐invasive alternative characterization technique to conventional time‐consuming and costly chemical analysis. To test the analytical procedure we used representative material from the Siilinjärvi mine (Finland) and from Lofdal (Namibia). Laser‐induced fluorescence mapping results document the successful identification and efficient mapping of several rare earth elements within complex mineral matrices. The variation in laser‐induced fluorescence excitation wavelength facilitates the selective mapping of specific rare earth elements, thereby enhancing their differentiation capabilities. The combination with hyperspectral imaging provides mineral maps and cross‐validation. The major benefit of the integrated optical sensor system lies in the rapid acquisition of spatially continuous information on the occurrence and type of rare earth elements without the need for sample preparation. The non‐destructive character and operation in line‐scan mode opens manifold possibilities for in‐line applications with continuous sample throughput.
Journals
2026 EN
Mariello Massimo
ABSTRACT The rapid evolution of neuroscience and bioelectronics has intensified the demand for highly sensitive, selective, and miniaturized biosensors capable of monitoring neurochemical activity with high spatial and temporal resolution. Among these, microfabricated thin‐film biosensors have emerged as a powerful platform for the detection of neurotransmitters and small molecules, owing to their ultrathin form factor, mechanical flexibility, and compatibility with implantable systems. Design strategies, material innovations, and functional surface chemistries are now central to enabling real‐time, in vivo monitoring with minimal tissue disruption and long‐term stability. This review covers the recent progress in microfabricated biosensors, focusing on electrochemical, optical, acoustic, and magnetic modalities for the detection of key neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, and acetylcholine, as well as biologically relevant small molecules, including glucose, lactate, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide. The integration of thin‐film sensors for inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease biomarkers, such as cytokines (e.g., IL‐6, TNF‐α), amyloid‐β, and tau proteins, is also discussed. Key challenges such as drift, biofouling, and signal specificity are critically examined alongside emerging solutions. Finally, current and future applications ranging from fundamental neuroscience and brain‐machine interfaces to personalized medicine emphasize the potential of thin‐film biosensing technologies in real‐world biomedical scenarios.
Journals
2026 EN
Ba Yanshuang · Xu Zhuangjie · Bai Fuhui
+9 more
ABSTRACT Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have been proven to have excellent direct X‐ray detection properties due to their high carrier lifetime product, strong X‐ray absorption ability, a low electron‐hole pair creation energy, and excellent charge transport properties. Millimeter‐thickness polycrystalline MHPs (MPMHPs) can effectively utilize X‐rays and have detection performance comparable to single‐crystal MHP, and it is less difficult to synthesize. In this paper, we review the direct X‐ray detectors and imagers based on MPMHPs. The basic knowledge of X‐ray and direct X‐ray detectors is introduced. This review focuses on describing in synthesis methods of MPMHPs and their X‐ray detection performance. Furthermore, we summarize the X‐ray imaging scheme and imaging application results of MPMHPs. Finally, we discuss future optimization methods in material synthesis, device optimization, and imaging applications. We hope that this review will help readers understand the basics of MPMHPs, improve detection performance, and boost imaging applications.
Journals
2026 EN
Shurbaji Samar · Khan Arshad · Hassan Mohammad K.
+4 more
Abstract Urea, a nitrogenous organic compound resulting from protein metabolism, is excreted as a waste product in urine. Elevated blood urea levels are associated with severe health conditions, including chronic kidney disease (CKD) and liver failure. Thus, monitoring urea levels is essential for CKD patients and individuals with metabolic disorders that heighten the risk of CKD. While existing diagnostic technologies offer high sensitivity and specificity, they are often expensive, require skilled operators, involve lengthy processing times, and are typically invasive and discontinuous. To address these challenges, researchers have developed various biosensor systems for rapid and cost‐effective urea detection. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in urea biosensing technologies, highlighting key challenges and potential solutions in biosensor design. It examines enzymatic and non‐enzymatic urea biosensors, focusing on electrochemical detection techniques such as amperometry and potentiometry for enzymatic sensors and cyclic voltammetry for non‐enzymatic sensors. Additionally, it explores material innovations, technological advancements, and strategies to enhance sensitivity, selectivity, portability, and stability. The integration of biosensors with IoT for real‐time monitoring and their applications in medical diagnostics are also discussed.
Journals
2026 EN
Beyene Hayelom Dargo · Urban Pawel L.
ABSTRACT Imaging biosensors take advantage of biosensing principles and imaging tools to visualize and map analytes in real specimens. They find applications in environmental monitoring, in situ biomarker detection, food safety, precision agriculture, and research. They offer valuable information about how analytes are distributed spatially, helping to uncover chemical phenomena in large‐scale samples that were previously unnoticed. This perspective presents examples of imaging biosensors that utilize different detection techniques, including colorimetry, fluorescence, bioluminescence, ultrasound‐assisted, electrochemical, and thermometric sensing. It discusses challenges and projects what still must be done to improve this technology and demonstrate new applications.
Journals
2026 EN
White Felix · Rektor Attila · Kouchi Fereshteh Rajabi
+11 more
ABSTRACT Adoption of additively manufactured electronics for low and high‐volume manufacturing is hindered by available inks and printing variations. Achieving repeatable and consistent features on flexible substrates remains challenging due to ink formulation and process limitations. Herein, we report a ternary‐solvent formulation of 2D graphene‐based ink, optimized to control volatility, surface tension, and viscosity for stable ultrasonic atomization. By optimizing process parameters such as nozzle size, focusing ratio, and platen temperature, we demonstrate high‐resolution printing using an aerosol jet printer (AJP), achieving feature sizes down to 5 µm in the as‐printed state, where linewidths are defined directly by the printing process without post‐print geometric refinement. Thermal annealing is subsequently employed to enhance conductivity. To demonstrate AJP's process flexibility for fabricating functional devices, interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) for capacitive touch sensing and serpentine structures for Joule heating were printed. The printed IDEs operate without dielectric coatings and exhibited consistent capacitive response (∼2 pF) to direct touch stimuli, while the heater demonstrated uniform and tunable thermal output (up to ∼56°C) under low‐power operation (150 mW). These results demonstrate an ink formulation that enables high‐resolution patterning and highlights AJP's potential as a scalable, lithography‐free platform utilizing solution‐processed 2D materials for electronics and sensors.