Guillain‐Barré Syndrome in Gaza Displacement Camps During Gaza War 2023–2025: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Outcomes

ABSTRACT Purpose An enormous humanitarian crisis brought on by the October 2023 conflict caused widespread displacement, the destruction of essential infrastructure, and a precipitous drop in living conditions. Widespread starvation and the collapse of the water, sanitation, and health systems has led to an increase in infections. Methods This narrative evaluation highlights the dire health situation in the Gaza Strip, emphasizing Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS). Results GBS has experienced a marked increase since 2023; in 2025, about 100 instances were reported, including many fatalities, particularly in children and young people. This syndrome, which is typically caused by respiratory or enteric infections (particularly Campylobacter jejuni and enteroviruses ), is exacerbated by malnutrition, overcrowding, and insufficient care. More severe forms of the disease and higher death rates have resulted from limited access to traditional medicines, such as intravenous immunoglobulins and plasmapheresis, as well as critical care assistance. In addition to its clinical effects, GBS has a significant psychological toll on patients and their families, who are already vulnerable due to displacement and conflict. Conclusion The scope of this outbreak demonstrates the connection between immunological vulnerability, humanitarian decline, and health system collapse. It also emphasizes the pressing need for coordinated interventions to strengthen epidemiological surveillance, restore essential services, and guarantee access to life‐saving care.

Tug of War Over Power: A Case Study on the Development of Professional–Informal Caregiver Tensions in Residential Dementia Care

ABSTRACT Effective collaboration between professional and informal caregivers is essential in residential dementia care, but often disrupted by relational tensions. This 2‐year case study explores how these tensions emerge and develop. Using visual and inductive analysis of qualitative data, we study a strained professional–informal caregiver relationship in a Dutch residential dementia care facility, focusing on the personal, relational, and organizational factors that shape it. Findings indicate that divergent conceptualizations of good care, rooted in distinct ethical frameworks, lead to relational tensions between professional and informal caregivers. These tensions tend to escalate through a series of interrelated dynamics that ultimately result in a tug of war over power, which triggers a downward spiral in the relationship. Organizational processes such as pseudo‐participation and unintentional support for distancing practices further entrench these dynamics. Professional and informal caregivers are prompted to work around rather than resolve the conflict. Set within a Dutch residential dementia care context, the study offers broader implications for similar care settings globally. It advocates a shift from person‐centered care to relational care, emphasizing multidirectionality to address power asymmetries. Key implications include promoting relational care as the moral standard, implementing organizational changes to support relational care and embedding moral skills into nursing education.

NEW DATA ON THE SERTORIAN WAR AT THE VASCON SITE OF IRULEGI (ARANGUREN VALLEY, NAVARRE)

Summary Literary sources provide limited information on specific developments during the civil wars of the late Roman Republic, including the Sertorian War. This study describes the attack on the Vascon settlement of Irulegi (Aranguren valley, Navarre), in northern Spain, within the context of this conflict, using the methodological and theoretical frameworks of conflict archaeology. In doing so, it seeks to demonstrate that Roman cultural influences were operating during this period and that the Vascones were involved in the conflict. Although it remains uncertain which side the defenders supported, the available evidence suggests that the attack occurred between 76 and 72 BC and that the Vascones of Irulegi may have supported Sertorius.

RETRACTED: “Weak characters” easily shaped, or strong‐minded conscientious objectors impervious to change?

Abstract Commentaries on the World War I history of the International Bible Students Association in their USA homeland usually feature decisions made by the movement's leadership and their subsequent arrest and prosecution, supposedly for conspiring to violate the Espionage Act and attempting to cause refusal of duty in the armed forces of the United States. In so doing, these neglect to consider the enthusiastic support and voices of their adherents. In contrast, and in response to Zoe Knox's April 2019 Peace & Change article, this study unmutes the voices of their conscientious objectors and proposes that their experiences were profoundly significant in shaping the movement over the following century.

“Was Everything for Nothing?”: The West German Peace Movement 40 Years Later

ABSTRACT The Cold War was at its peak when the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) announced the deployment of medium‐range missiles in Europe and, specifically, in Germany. Known as the Double‐Track Decision, this action sparked large‐scale opposition, and the German peace movement of the 1980s became one of the biggest movements of its kind in postwar West Germany. Through the lens of everyday activists, this article outlines the historical background that led to the Double‐Track Decision, analyzes the resulting protests, and demonstrates how grassroots activism shaped the German peace movement.

Ecuador's Pursuit of Peace During the 1960s Cuban Crisis

ABSTRACT In the early 1960s, as relations between Cuba and the United States rapidly deteriorated and edged dangerously close to a nuclear conflagration with the Soviet Union, several Latin American countries resisted aligning with the United States in its efforts to isolate and overthrow the revolutionary Cuban government. Leaders of these countries advocated for mediation, proclaiming that they favored a peaceful resolution of conflict in an international venue such as the United Nations rather than resorting to armed force. Despite considerable pressure from the United States to adopt a more belligerent stance towards Cuba, Ecuador was one of those countries that initially stood firm in its pursuit of a diplomatic solution. Ecuador declared itself to be a land of peace and urged mediation. By inserting itself into much larger international conflicts, this small, geopolitically marginalized country played an outsized role in pressing for a peaceful resolution to avert potentially catastrophic consequences. At first, Ecuador's proclamations may appear surprising given stereotypical assumptions that Latin America was a region rife with violent civil strife. In reality, leaders drew on a long tradition of policies of nonintervention that advocated for amicable compromises to problems. This essay explores the unique complexities of Ecuador's diplomatic efforts during a critical period of the Cold War and its commitment to principles of regional stability and sovereignty. By extension, it highlights a broader tradition in Latin America of prioritizing peaceful and diplomatic resolutions to international conflicts, thereby illuminating a lesser‐known aspect of the region's history.

The International Peace Movement and the Labor Movement, 1889–1914: Agency and Relationships in the Peace Struggle

ABSTRACT Between 1889 and 1914, the international peace movement and the labor movement shared goals of preventing war and promoting justice, but their collaboration was constrained by differing class compositions and priorities. While the peace movement, led largely by middle‐class reformers, emphasized arbitration and disarmament, the labor movement, grounded in the working class, prioritized class struggle and systemic change. These social and ideological divides shaped their strategies and mutual perceptions, limiting their ability to work together. Focusing on the liberal International Peace Bureau (IPB) and its relations to the labor movement and its organizations, this study examines how rising militarism and class conflict deepened these tensions, highlighting the complexities of uniting liberal and socialist peace agendas, even during a period of a growing arms race.

Lincoln's Peace: The Struggle to End the American Civil War . By

Beyond Bandung and Belgrade: Damodar Dharmananda Kosambi, A Forgotten Indian Voice for World Peace

ABSTRACT Dr. Damodar Dharmananda Kosambi (1907–1966) was an Indian polymath best known for his intellectual contributions in a dizzyingly wide range of fields: mathematics, statistics, genetics, numismatics, history, and literature. His enduring reputation seems to have been posthumously sealed as the father of Marxist historiography in India. What has received scant scholarly attention, however, is his role as a key voice of the Indian peace movement after Independence and a crucial liaison between Indian peace activists and the Soviet‐aligned world peace movement in the 1950s. Kosambi's politics, characterized both by his association with the undivided Communist Party of India and his arm's‐length collaboration with the Government of India, afforded him a unique semi‐official, fellow‐traveling position to argue for nuclear disarmament and protest wars of aggression. This paper would argue that he consciously refused to be co‐opted by either post‐colonial nationalism or conformist international communism to advance an Asia‐centric perspective on world peace that has now been largely occluded from mainstream accounts of post‐war pacifism. This paper would also argue that by leveraging a now‐forgotten infrastructure of transnational peace advocacy and interlocking circuits of activism at the local and national levels, Kosambi effectively foregrounded and vernacularized his own ideas of world peace premised on principled non‐interventionism. Through a close reading of his extant essays, reports, speeches, and correspondence throughout the 1950s, I would posit that Kosambi's vision for world peace was imbued with a third‐world internationalist sensibility that squarely located the roots of warfare in world hunger and structures of imperialism. In so doing, he went far beyond the Afro‐Asian promise of the Bandung Conference (1955) when it came to arguing for what is now called ‘South–South solidarity.’ I further contend that, through his dutiful and maverick peace activism (prior to disillusionment in the 1960s) and increasingly radical critique of nuclear energy, Kosambi also anticipated several talking points of the Non‐Aligned Movement, especially those that would only come to the fore in the Belgrade Summit (1961).

Unmuting the Voice of Strong‐Minded Christians: Bible Student Conscientious Objectors in World War I USA

ABSTRACT Commentaries on the World War I history of the International Bible Students Association (IBSA) in their USA homeland usually feature decisions made by the movement's leadership and their subsequent arrest and prosecution for violating the Espionage Act and interfering with conscription. In so doing, these neglect the enthusiastic support and voices of IBSA adherents. In contrast, Zoe Knox has suggested that the voices of ordinary Bible Students who suffered as a result of their anti‐war convictions also need to be uncovered. This study unmutes the voices of IBSA conscientious objectors (COs) and proposes that their experiences were profoundly significant in shaping the IBSA/Jehovah's Witness peace testimony over the following century.