Journals
2025 EN
NinoTorres Laura · Dilip Raga · Hayde Nicole
+3 more
ABSTRACT Background Kidney transplantation is the ideal treatment for end‐stage renal disease. With diffuse thrombosis of the iliac veins and inferior vena cava, transplant surgeons face challenges. Case Report We present a case of a 6‐year‐old female, with ESRD secondary to congenital nephrotic syndrome caused by dual heterozygous NPHS1 mutations, with a history of IVC thrombosis following central line placement. MRV confirmed total occlusion of the IVC and common iliac veins. Ultrasound confirmed patent hepatic vasculature. She underwent deceased donor kidney transplantation with reno‐portal venous outflow without complications. Conclusions It is essential for transplant surgeons to have outflow alternatives when dealing with patients who have complex vascular anatomy. This ensures proper venous drainage and reduces the risk of graft thrombosis. Preoperative surgical planning is crucial. Despite the technical difficulties, KT should always be considered for eligible patients. We believe there is value in presenting these challenging cases to new generations of transplant and pediatric surgeons who are not familiar with these alternatives.
Journals
2025 EN
Gottardi Elsa · Lorthe Elsa · Schmitz Thomas
+4 more
Abstract Background Maternal exposure to unfavourable social conditions is associated with a higher rate of perinatal complications, such as placental vascular pathologies. A higher risk of preterm birth (PTB) has also been reported, and variations across studies and settings suggest that different patterns may be involved in this association. Objective To assess the association between maternal social deprivation and PTB (overall and by phenotype). Methods We analysed 9365 patients included in the PreCARE cohort study. Four dimensions (social isolation, insecure housing, no income from work and absence of standard health insurance) defined maternal social deprivation (exposure). They were considered separately and combined into a social deprivation index (SDI). The associations between social deprivation and PTB <37 weeks (primary outcome) were analysed with univariable and multivariable log‐binomial models (adjusted for maternal age, parity, education level and birthplace). Then we used multinomial analysis to examine the association with preterm birth phenotypes (secondary outcome): spontaneous labour, preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM) and placental vascular pathologies. Results In all, 66.3%, 17.8%, 8.9% and 7.0% of patients had an SDI of 0, 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Social isolation affected 4.5% of the patients, insecure housing 15.5%, no income from work 15.6% and no standard health insurance 22.4%. Preterm birth complicated 7.0% of pregnancies (39.8% spontaneous labour, 28.3% PPROM, 21.8% placental vascular pathologies and 10.1% other phenotypes). Neither the univariable nor multivariable analyses found any association between social deprivation and the risk of preterm birth overall (SDI 1 versus 0: aRR 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.83, 1.26; 2 versus 0: aRR 1.05, 95% CI 0.80, 1.38; 3 versus 0: aRR 0.92, 95% CI 0.66, 1.29) or its different phenotypes. Conclusions In the French PreCARE cohort, we observed no association between markers of social deprivation and the risk of preterm birth, regardless of phenotype.
Journals
2025 EN
Gag Adèle · Manns Bryn H. · Atanasiu Karina
+4 more
ABSTRACT Delusions are common symptoms of dementia and are clinically significant. The objective of this scoping review is to identify possible neural correlates. MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE (OVID) and Web of Science were searched in December 2020 for the keywords ‘delusions’ and ‘dementia’. Two informal searches were carried out subsequently. Results were limited to those in English. Intervention and study characteristics were extracted using standardised tools. Eighteen published studies, using four distinct experimental methods, were included, and 31 brain regions were identified as correlates of delusions. No region was identified consistently within included studies or found in more than four studies. Despite the range of brain regions identified, a number form part of the default mode network, the salience network or the central executive network. We explore the implications of these findings for understanding delusions in dementia.
John Wiley & Sons Australia
Journals
2025 EN
Pham Tam · Johnco Carly J. · Lau Zen J.
+2 more
ABSTRACT Heart Rate Variability (HRV) can be quantified using a myriad of mathematical indices, but the lack of systematic and empirical comparison between these indices complicates the evaluation and interpretation of HRV data. This study assessed the reliability, consistency, and generalizability of structural relationships among 89 HRV indices using a consensus‐clustering approach. We analyzed 635 short‐term resting‐state electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings from two samples of college students with differing psychological profiles. Results from a sample with elevated internalizing symptoms ( N = 233)—collected across two sessions, 1 week apart—were compared to evaluate the test–retest reliability of the HRV clusters. To further assess the stability and generalizability of these HRV clusters beyond individuals with elevated internalizing symptoms, these results were compared with a second sample not selected based on psychological symptoms ( N = 203). We identified 21 clusters of 70 HRV indices with cross‐method, test–retest, and cross‐sample robustness. Based on the robust empirical convergence and the relative popularity of some HRV indices in the extant literature, we recommend 13 HRV indices for short‐term recordings of resting‐state HRV (under 10 min): RMSSD, SDNN, RSA (Porges‐Bohrer or Peak‐to‐Trough method), RSA (Gates method), SD1/SD2 or CSI, SampEn, HF or LnHF, DFA α1, DFA α2, one of the MDFA α1 features, one of the MDFA α2 features, one of the heart rate asymmetry indices, and one of the heart rate fragmentation indices. This approach mitigates the biases that can arise from redundant or highly correlated indices, facilitates clearer interpretation, and enhances the validity of conclusions drawn from HRV analyses.
Journals
2025 EN
CamposSoto Sonia · Tessier Bernadette · Mouazé Dominique
+3 more
ABSTRACT Despite the valuable palaeoecological and palaeoenvironmental information provided by vertebrate tracks, those made in semi‐liquid sediments have been largely overlooked because they are assumed to be preserved as a mass of disrupted sediment and to have a low preservation potential. Nevertheless, understanding their mechanisms of formation, infilling and preservation is crucial since they could be more abundant in the fossil record than expected or be misinterpreted as other soft‐sediment deformation structures. To solve these aspects, this study analyses consecutive cross‐sections performed along a human track made by a shod foot in semi‐liquid sediments in the upper intertidal flats of the Bay of Mont‐Saint‐Michel (north‐west France) and monitored until its complete burial. These were compared with cross‐sections of tracks made in a flume tank. Cross‐sections reveal that the sediment structures associated with these tracks reflect the mechanism of their formation and infilling, and even the footstep dynamics. These structures comprise: (i) marginal rims that developed at both sides of tracks during foot penetration; (ii) upward deformation structures produced during foot withdrawal; (iii) a syn‐track infilling , which almost entirely fills the tracks during the withdrawal, formed by sediment collapsed from the track walls or by liquefied sediment; (iv) a post‐track infilling that fills the tracks completely during their subsequent flooding. This work demonstrates that these tracks have a high preservation potential in tidal settings, especially if they are made after the peak of a spring tide period, and undergo desiccation and consolidation during neap tides, which prevents their erosion and favours their burial by sediment. The identification of the above‐mentioned structures in fossil counterparts provides useful palaeoenvironmental information, because they allow discriminating these tracks from those made in sediments with less water content and from other soft‐sediment deformation structures (i.e. convolute bedding and balls‐and pillows) with which they share strong resemblances.
Journals
2025 EN
Duperron María · Mouazé Dominique · Weill Pierre
+2 more
ABSTRACT Bioclastic phosphorites composed of linguliform brachiopod shell debris remain largely unexplored from a sedimentological, process‐oriented perspective. Understanding the hydrodynamic behaviour of these low‐density, platy sediments is essential for elucidating the concentration mechanisms driving their accumulation. The present experimental study delves into this issue through the determination of settling velocity and critical shear velocity of organo‐phosphatic bioclasts derived from extant Lingula anatina shells (Brachiopoda: Linguliformea). A total of 137 settling velocity determinations were obtained through stroboscopic photography of the particles' trajectories in a settling tube. In all, 30 critical shear velocity determinations of five sieve fractions were acquired from flow profiles measured in flume experiments. Additionally, L. anatina shell density is here reported for the first time. Organo‐phosphatic bioclasts present low particle densities (1040 to 1734 kg/m 3 ), which combined with their platy shape grant them low settling velocities and critical shear velocities comparable to siliciclastic sediments. They thus present a tendency to be easily transported once set in motion coupled with significant resistance to erosion, defining a dual hydrodynamic behaviour like the one reported in platy carbonate sediments. Their resistance to erosion, despite their relatively low submerged weight, is here hypothesized to be explained by shape effects such as elevated intergranular friction forces, large pivoting angles and a low degree of exposure to the flow. In terms of settling, gravel‐sized organo‐phosphatic bioclasts are equivalent to fine‐to‐coarse‐sized siliciclastic sand; this reflects the textural characteristics of many ancient phosphorite deposits, suggesting that settling equivalence played a role in their deposition and that the common conception of phosphatic particles as a heavy, relatively immobile component is not readily applicable to organo‐phosphatic bioclasts. These results shed light on the sedimentology of ancient bioclastic phosphorites and contribute to the still underexplored field of biogenic sediment transport.
Journals
2025 EN
Shukla Akhil · Cayarga Anny Armas · Lucier JeanFrançois
+7 more
ABSTRACT A key mechanism of tumour immune escape from CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes occurs via downregulation of NLRC5, an IFNγ‐induced transcriptional activator of MHC class‐I. As NLRC5 deficiency does not abrogate CD8 + T cell development, we investigated whether NLRC5‐dependent antitumour immune mechanisms are required for immune surveillance. We studied the development of 3‐methylcholanthrene (MCA)‐induced endogenous fibrosarcoma in Nlrc5 −/− mice with Nlrc5 +/+ and Rag1 −/− mice serving as controls. Nlrc5 −/− and Rag1 −/− mice showed increased propensity to develop MCA‐induced tumours with a higher growth rate compared to Nlrc5 +/+ mice and displayed significantly reduced survival. Tumours from Nlrc5 +/+ and Nlrc5 −/− mice, but not from Rag1 −/− mice, contained necrotic areas and displayed T cell infiltration. Tumour cell lines established from MCA‐induced tumours were evaluated for their sensitivity to immune‐mediated growth control following implantation into immunocompetent C57BL/6 and immunodeficient Rag1 −/− hosts. Tumours formed by Nlrc5 +/+ tumour cell lines progressed unhindered in C57BL/6 hosts that reflected their immunoedited status, whereas cell lines from Nlrc5 −/− and Rag1 −/− tumours were efficiently controlled, indicating their non‐immunoedited status. Proteomic analysis by mass spectrometry followed by pathway analysis revealed enrichment of granzyme‐mediated cytolytic pathway in Nlrc5 +/+ tumours that were absent in Nlrc5 −/− tumours, which showed enrichment of humoral and innate immune pathways. Overall, our findings show that NLRC5 is required for robust tumour immune surveillance and tumour immunoediting and that compensatory humoral and innate immune mechanisms activated by the loss of NLRC5 are insufficient for cancer immune surveillance and cancer immunoediting.
Journals
2025 EN
Renac Virginie · Moalic Virginie · Dautin Guillaume
+21 more
ABSTRACT HLA molecules play a central role in the adaptive immune response. Their high polymorphism influences individual susceptibility to various autoimmune diseases and certain drug‐induced hypersensitivities. In France, HLA genotyping is classified as a medical genetics procedure and is strictly regulated. The Société Francophone d'Histocompatibilité et d'Immunogénétique ( SFHI ) has established national guidelines outlining clinically validated indications, required resolution levels and interpretation criteria based on robust data. These guidelines are particularly relevant for common clinical contexts, including autoimmune diseases and pharmacogenetic testing. Well‐established associations include HLA‐DQB1*02 / DQA1*05 (DQ2) and HLA‐DQB1*03:02 / DQA1*05 (DQ8) with celiac disease, HLA‐B*27 with spondyloarthritis, HLA‐DQB1*06:02 with type 1 narcolepsy, HLA‐A*29 with Birdshot chorioretinopathy and several pharmacogenetic risk alleles such as HLA‐B*57:01 (abacavir), HLA‐B*15:02 and HLA‐A*31:01 (carbamazepine) and HLA‐B*58:01 (allopurinol). In immunotherapy, the efficacy of tebentafusp has been shown to depend on HLA‐A*02:01 positivity. HLA alleles must be interpreted as relative risk factors, not absolute predictors. Critical analysis of HLA‐related scientific literature requires consideration of the genotyping technique, typing resolution, allele frequencies within the studied population and environmental factors. High‐resolution typing is essential in pharmacogenetics and recommended in selected autoimmune disorders. Interpretation should be conducted by qualified medical biologists, integrating clinical context, allelic diversity and recent technological advances, particularly next‐generation sequencing. HLA genotyping represents a valuable tool in diagnosis and risk assessment, with increasing importance in the era of personalised medicine.
Journals
2025 EN
Faccin Mayane · O'Neill Alan M. · Lawhon Sara D.
+4 more
Abstract Background Canine superficial pyoderma is a common bacterial skin infection of dogs, generally caused by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. The C4 strain of Staphylococcus felis was recently discovered to have strong antimicrobial activity against S. pseudintermedius in mice. Objectives We aimed to evaluate in vitro if this antimicrobial activity was maintained using a novel canine skin explant model. Materials and Methods Punch biopsies (8 mm) of skin from recently euthanised dogs were collected and placed into six‐well plates on top of an agarose pedestal. Results Histological examination of the skin explants showed an intact dermal–epidermal organisation and a stratum corneum that was successfully colonised by S. pseudintermedius after topical application. The number of colony forming units of S. pseudintermedius showed a 2 log increase after 24 h colonisation, indicating that the explant supported bacterial growth. By contrast, co‐treatment with S. felis C4 live bacteria and its sterile protein product significantly reduced the growth of a methicillin‐susceptible (ST540, p = 0.0357) and a methicillin‐resistant (MR) strain (ST71, p = 0.0143) of S. pseudintermedius . No detectable bacteria were recovered from or visualised on skin 24 h posttreatment with the S. felis C4 sterile protein product. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance Using a novel canine explant model, we demonstrate that the S. felis C4 strain inhibits the growth of S. pseudintermedius and that it is a promising candidate for a new probiotic therapy to treat cutaneous infections caused by S. pseudintermedius , including MR strains.
Journals
2025 EN
Rietmann Stefan J. · Clegg Jennifer L. · Jagannathan Vidhya
+5 more
Abstract Background Ichthyoses represent a heterogeneous group of cornification disorders characterised by epidermal scaling. Objectives To describe the clinical, histopathological and genetic analysis of a Labrador retriever with nonepidermolytic ichthyosis, and the results of a population screening for a newly detected PNPLA1 genomic duplication. Animals Two 7‐year‐old male littermates, 531 population samples. Materials and Methods Clinical and histopathological analysis, whole genome sequencing and digital PCR‐based genotyping were performed. Results Generalised scaling and histological laminar orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis confirmed the ichthyosis diagnosis on Dog 1. Dog 2 showed mild clinical signs possibly associated with allergies and not ichthyosis. The genome of Dog 1 was sequenced and compared to 1469 genetically diverse control genomes. The analysis identified a 6099‐bp duplication spanning three internal exons of the PNPLA1 gene, which is predicted to result in an altered C‐terminal tail of the protein, NP_001277038.2:p.(E558Lfs*17). Dog 2 had a heterozygous genotype and carried one copy of the duplicated PNPLA1 allele. Of the screened 531 additional Labrador retrievers, 491 were homozygous wild‐type, 36 were heterozygous carriers and four carried the duplication in a homozygous state. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance Previously identified PNPLA1 variants cause autosomal recessive ichthyosis in golden retrievers and humans. Given the well‐established function of PNPLA1 , the identified genomic duplication represents a likely candidate causal variant for the observed ichthyosis in the examined Labrador retriever. This is the first report of a new form of autosomal recessive ichthyosis in Labrador retrievers, which provides the basis for genetic testing.