Resource
2024 EN
Tarik Can Ozden · Ozgur Kara · Oguzhan Akcin
+4 more
Current image immunization defense techniques against diffusion-based editingembed imperceptible noise in target images to disrupt editing models. However,these methods face scalability challenges, as they require time-consumingre-optimization for each image-taking hours for small batches. To address thesechallenges, we introduce DiffVax, a scalable, lightweight, andoptimization-free framework for image immunization, specifically designed toprevent diffusion-based editing. Our approach enables effective generalizationto unseen content, reducing computational costs and cutting immunization timefrom days to milliseconds-achieving a 250,000x speedup. This is achievedthrough a loss term that ensures the failure of editing attempts and theimperceptibility of the perturbations. Extensive qualitative and quantitativeresults demonstrate that our model is scalable, optimization-free, adaptable tovarious diffusion-based editing tools, robust against counter-attacks, and, forthe first time, effectively protects video content from editing. Our code isprovided in our project webpage.
Resource
2024 EN
Christian Duffee · Jordan Athas · Yixin Shao
+6 more
Probabilistic Ising machines (PIMs) provide a path to solving manycomputationally hard problems more efficiently than deterministic algorithms onvon Neumann computers. Stochastic magnetic tunnel junctions (S-MTJs), which areengineered to be thermally unstable, show promise as entropy sources in PIMs.However, scaling up S-MTJ-PIMs is challenging, as it requires fine control of asmall magnetic energy barrier across large numbers of devices. In addition,non-spintronic components of S-MTJ-PIMs to date have been primarily realizedusing general-purpose processors or field-programmable gate arrays. Reachingthe ultimate performance of spintronic PIMs, however, requires co-designedapplication-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), combining CMOS withspintronic entropy sources. Here we demonstrate an ASIC in 130 nm foundry CMOS,which implements integer factorization as a representative hard optimizationproblem, using PIM-based invertible logic gates realized with 1143probabilistic bits. The ASIC uses stochastic bit sequences read from anadjacent voltage-controlled (V-) MTJ chip. The V-MTJs are designed to bethermally stable in the absence of voltage, and generate random bits on-demandin response to 10 ns pulses using the voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropyeffect. We experimentally demonstrate the chip's functionality and provideprojections for designs in advanced nodes, illustrating a path to millions ofprobabilistic bits on a single CMOS+V-MTJ chip.
Resource
2024 EN
Aum Kendapadi · Kerem Zaman · Rakesh R. Me
+1 more
Large language models (LLMs) excel at answering questions but remain passivelearners--absorbing static data without the ability to question and refineknowledge. This paper explores how LLMs can transition to interactive,question-driven learning through student-teacher dialogues. We introduceINTERACT (INTEReractive Learning for Adaptive Concept Transfer), a framework inwhich a "student" LLM engages a "teacher" LLM through iterative inquiries toacquire knowledge across 1,347 contexts, including song lyrics, news articles,movie plots, academic papers, and images. Our experiments show that across awide range of scenarios and LLM architectures, interactive learningconsistently enhances performance, achieving up to a 25% improvement, with'cold-start' student models matching static learning baselines in as few asfive dialogue turns. Interactive setups can also mitigate the disadvantages ofweaker teachers, showcasing the robustness of question-driven learning.
Journals
2023 EN
Kaya Kerem · Ditz Daniel · Jaworski Aleksander
+6 more
The immobilization and structural analysis of platinum nanoparticles on a nitrogen‐rich, bipyridine‐containing covalent triazine framework (bpyCTF) having structural defects are disclosed by taking advantage of 15 N solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance measurements at natural 15 N isotope abundance and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic analyses. The photocatalyst (Pt@bpyCTF) with structural defects reduces CO 2 to formic acid (FA) at a rate of 152 µmol h −1 g −1 and a selectivity higher than 95% over CO and H 2 in water under simulated solar light. The presence of amine defects and the immobilization of Pt cause improvement in the photocurrent density and CO 2 capture capacity (≈8% by weight) despite the moderate surface area (0.54 cm 3 g −1 )of the photocatalyst. Theoretical models and density functional theory calculations are employed to investigate the possible CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) mechanisms. Considering the exceptional CO 2 capture capacity and high FA production using only CO 2 ‐bubbled water, this work highlights the great potential of nitrogen‐rich CTFs for photocatalyzed CO 2 RRs under green conditions.
Journals
2023 EN
Sevim Didar · Köseoğlu Oya · Özdemir Durmuş
+14 more
Virgin olive oils (VOOs) obtained from olives grown in different regions of Turkey under changing climatic conditions sometimes show different sensory and chemical properties. This study was planned to determine whether these deviations are due to climatic changes or not. For this purpose, five different olive varieties (Ayvalık, Memecik, Gemlik, Nizip Yağlık, Kilis Yağlık) of commercial importance were harvested from the provinces/districts (four different region) where cultivation is intense during the 2017/2018–2020/2021 harvest years. Every year, olive samples were collected from 3 orchards from 13 provinces/districts. One hundred and fifty‐six samples were subjected to the purity, quality and sensory analysis. Basic climatic values (average, minimum and maximum temperature, humidity and precipitation) were examined for four consecutive years. All of the examined olive oil samples were determined within the legal limits in terms of fatty acid composition and fatty acid ethyl ester values. However, delta‐7‐stigmastenol value from the sterol composition was found to be above 0.5% in some samples in all the years studied (total 21 samples). Delta‐7‐stigmastenol values of olive oil samples varied between 0.16% and 1.14%. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied using a genetic algorithm‐based inverse least squares method to determine whether there is a relationship between climate data and delta‐7‐stigmastenol values. According to this result, it has been determined that the delta‐7‐stigmastenol value is high when the annual average relative humidity is low and the annual average temperature is high. There is an urgent need to make forward‐looking plans due to climate change.
Journals
2023 EN
Hamurcu Fatma · Özmen Ümmühan Özdemir · Şentürk Ozan Sanlı
+6 more
A novel Schiff base namely 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐6‐((2‐(perfluorophenyl)hydrazono)methyl)phenol was successfully synthesized and characterized using FT‐IR and 1 H‐NMR, 13 C‐NMR, and 19 F‐NMR. The crystal structure analysis of the Schiff base compound was also characterized with single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies and supported the spectroscopic results. The cytotoxicity, anti‐bacterial properties, and enzyme inhibition of the compound were also investigated. The molecular docking studies were performed in order to explain the interactions of the synthesized compound with target enzymes. The newly synthesized hydrazone derivative Schiff base compound showed high cellular toxicity on MCF‐7 and PC‐3 cells. Also, this compound caused low antibacterial effect on E. coli and S. aureus . Besides, the compound exhibited the inhibitory effect against pancreatic cholesterol esterase and carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme I, II with IC 50 values 63, 99, and 188 μM, respectively. Consequently, it has been determined that the prepared Schiff base is an active compound in terms of cytotoxicity, enzyme inhibition, and anti‐bacterial properties. These results provide preliminary information for some biological features of the compound and can play a major role in drug applications of the Schiff base compound.
Journals
2023 EN
Zaid Mohammad Abu · Dalmizrak Ozlem · Teralı Kerem
+1 more
The interactions of the classic phytohormones gibberellic acid (gibberellin A 3 , GA 3 ) and abscisic acid (dormin, ABA), which antagonistically regulate several developmental processes and stress responses in higher plants, with human placental glutathione S ‐transferase P1‐1 ( hp GSTP1‐1), an enzyme that plays a role in endo‐ or xenobiotic detoxification and regulation of cell survival and apoptosis, were investigated. The inhibitory potencies of ABA and GA 3 against hp GSTP1, as well as the types of inhibition and the kinetic parameters, were determined by making use of both enzyme kinetic graphs and SPSS nonlinear regression models. The structural basis for the interaction between hp GSTP1‐1 and phytohormones was predicted with the aid of molecular docking simulations. The IC 50 values of ABA and GA 3 were 5.3 and 5.0 mM, respectively. Both phytohormones inhibited hp GSTP1‐1 in competitive manner with respect to the cosubstrates GSH and CDNB. When ABA was the inhibitor at [CDNB] f –[GSH] v and at [GSH] f –[CDNB] v , V m , K m , and K i values were statistically estimated to be 205 ± 16 μmol/min‐mg protein, 1.32 ± 0.18 mM, 1.95 ± 0.25 mM and 175 ± 6 μmol/min‐mg protein, 0.85 ± 0.06 mM, 1.85 ± 0.16 mM, respectively. On the other hand, the kinetic parameters V m , K m , and K i obtained with GA 3 at [CDNB] f –[GSH] v and at [GSH] f –[CDNB] v were found to be 303 ± 14 μmol/min‐mg protein, 1.77 ± 0.13 mM, 3.38 ± 0.26 mM and 249 ± 7 μmol/min‐mg protein, 1.43 ± 0.07 mM, 2.89 ± 0.19 mM, respectively. Both phytohormones had the potential to engage in hydrogen‐bonding and electrostatic interactions with the key residues that line the G‐ and H‐sites of the enzyme's catalytic center. Inhibitory actions of ABA/GA 3 on hp GSTP1‐1 may guide medicinal chemists through the structure‐based design of novel antineoplastic agents. It should be noted, however, that the same interactions may also render fetuses vulnerable to the potentially toxic effects of xenobiotics and noxious endobiotics.
Journals
2023 EN
Gur Ersin · Tiftikcioglu Yigit Ozer · Ozturk Kerem
The osteocutaneous fibula is a workhorse flap for oromandibular reconstruction. Skin paddles not only perform soft tissue reconstruction but also serve as a monitor for the fibula. In cases where the skin paddle cannot be harvested as desired due to variations, two challenges arise, such as fibula follow‐up and the need for a second free flap so recipient. Moreover, there may not be enough recipient vessels for the double flaps in the neck. This report aimed to address the difficulties mentioned above with the use of flow‐through free flaps in composite oromandibular reconstructions. Patients and Methods Between 2019 and 2021, five (three Female, two Male) patients underwent flow‐through technique as free fibula and fasciocutaneous flaps due to variations in fibular skin paddle or insufficiency of recipient vessels in the neck. Ages of patients were between 45 and 75 years. Four patients underwent surgery for tumor and one patient for the result of radionecrosis. ALT, chimeric ALT, and RFFF were selected as second free flaps. Results The size of the fasciocutaneous flaps ranged from 6 × 4 cm to 14 × 11 cm. Mandibular defects ranged from 6 to 16 cm. 1 venous occlusion occurred post‐op 1st day and was salvaged. One hematoma and one wound dehiscence occurred postoperatively and were salvaged successfully. One Partial tongue necrosis occurred due to previous radiotherapy and additional tumor surgery. No additional complication occurred. All flaps survived. Follow‐up period was between 3 months and 2 years. Patient who had tongue necrosis experienced swallowing and speech difficulty and Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube was placed post‐operative 2 months. Functional finale outcomes were successful for other patients. Conclusion Flow‐through technique provides fibula monitoring with avoiding to find second recipient. Customizing free flaps under more favorable conditions as on the operation table before fixation of the bone can be a useful approach.
Journals
2023 EN
Gur Ersin · Tiftikcioglu Yigit Ozer · Ozturk Kerem
The thoracoacromial vessels (TA) are one of the options as recipient for free flaps in head and neck reconstruction when the neck is depleted. However, it has limitations such as need of vein graft or kinking and being under pressure on clavicle. The authors describe a new modification of using pectoral branch of TA as recipient vessel. Patients and Methods Between July 2019 and January 2022, 8 patients (1 female, 7 male) underwent head and neck reconstructions with free flaps. Age of patients ranged from 53 to 73 years old. All surgeries were because of SCC. Defects were including 3 total lower lip, 2 pharyngoesophageal defects, 1 cheek, lower and upper lip, 1 mandible, cheek and mount floor and 1 tongue and mount floor. Defects were between 12 × 5 cm and 21 × 9 cm. Pectoral branch of TA was transposed to the depleted neck as pectoral muscle flap to prevent kinking and pressure. Over the clavicle, the proximal root of the pedicle of muscle was found and dissected distally until tensionless anastomoses could be accomplished between the muscle and free flaps. ALT, MSAP, and Radial forearm free flaps were used as free flaps. In one patient the fibula and ALT flaps were used as flow through so the pedicle of ALT flap was anastomosed to pectoral muscle pedicle. Pectoral muscle was rotated 180° on its horizontal axis after finishing anastomoses to guard anastomoses from radiated neck skin. Muscle was fixed to sternocleidomastoid muscle with sutures to maintain its position. All donor sites were closed primarily. Results The diameter of recipient artery was between 1 and 1.6 mm. The veins were approximately same as arteries. All anastomosis were performed end‐to‐end fashion. Three patients needed skin grafts to closure of tight radiated neck skin. Complications as 1 hematoma and 1 wound dehiscence were salvaged successfully. All flaps survived. Patients were followed up between 2 and 6 months. Our first patient died at post‐operative 6th month so long follow‐up could not be achieved. The final outcomes such as chewing, oral competence and swallowing were successful for remaining patients. Conclusion Transposing TA as pectoral muscle flap to the neck can decrease need of vein graft and prevent kinking or pressure of the pedicle on the clavicle.
Journals
2023 EN
Gur Ersin · Tiftikcioglu Yigit Ozer · Kuybulu Turgut Furkan
+2 more
Due to 3D defects after resection of hypopharyngeal cancers, free flaps have become as first option for reconstruction and the anterolateral thigh flap (ALT) has been chosen frequently for soft tissue defects. Chimerization of the skin island of the ALT is also possible which can result in reconstruction of multiple defects simultaneously and monitorization of buried flaps. However, ALT can be bulky in some patients. The superthin ALT is well established by some authors especially for extremities but there is no study about the use of this modification in pharyngoesophageal defects. We present our experience of using chimeric‐superthin ALT for pharyngoesophageal reconstructions. Patients and Methods Between 2019 and 2022, six patients (one female and five male) underwent hypopharyngeal tumor resection and experienced chimeric‐superthin ALT flap reconstructions. Patients' ages were ranged between 53 and 71 (mean: 64) years old. The type of tumor was squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) for all patients. Three patients had total and three patients had 75% of pharyngoesophageal defects. Defect size was between 10 × 7 cm and 12 × 8.5 cm (mean: 87.08 cm 2 ). All flaps were harvested as 5 mm thickness with two skin perforators. All flaps were divided into two individual skin islands as chimeric fashion. One of the skin islands was used for esophageal reconstruction and the other was used for both flap monitorization and tensionless closure of anterior neck skin. Results Total flap size was between 18 × 9 cm and 21 × 11 cm (mean: 200 cm 2 ). In two patients, anastomoses were performed to pectoral branch of thoracoacromial vessels. Neck vessels were chosen as recipient for remaining patients. Wound dehiscence occurred in two patients between the neck skin and monitor island and was re‐sutured without any problems. There was no partial or total flap necrosis and all flaps survived. The follow up period was between 4 and 9 months (mean: 5.6). All patients had a successful functional outcome as swallowing. Conclusion The superthin‐chimeric ALT flap is a useful option when classical ALT is bulky in defects of hypopharyngeal cancer.