Journals
2018 EN
Neshati Vajiheh · Mollazadeh Samaneh · Fazly Bazzaz Bibi Sedigheh
+5 more
Abstract Ischemic heart disease often results in myocardial infarction and is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Improvement in the function of infarcted myocardium is a main purpose of cardiac regenerative medicine. One possible way to reach this goal is via stem cell therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types but display limited cardiomyogenic differentiation potential. Members of the T‐box family of transcription factors including Tbx20 play important roles in heart development and cardiomyocyte homeostasis. Therefore, in the current study, we investigated the potential of Tbx20 to enhance the cardiomyogenic differentiation of human adipose‐derived MSCs (ADMSCs). Human ADMSCs were transduced with a bicistronic lentiviral vector encoding Tbx20 (murine) and the enhanced green fluorescent protein ( eGFP ) and analyzed 7 and 14 days post transduction. Transduction of human ADMSCs with this lentiviral vector increased the expression of the cardiomyogenic differentiation markers ACTN1 , TNNI3 , ACTC1 , NKX2.5 , TBX20 (human), and GATA4 as revealed by RT‐qPCR. Consistently, immunocytological results showed elevated expression of α‐actinin and cardiac troponin I in these cells in comparison to the cells transduced with control lentiviral particles coding for eGFP alone. Accordingly, forced expression of Tbx20 exerts cardiomyogenic effects on human ADMSCs by increasing the expression of cardiomyogenic differentiation markers at the RNA and protein level.
Journals
2018 EN
Namjoo Zeinab · Mortezaee Keywan · Joghataei Mohammad T.
+5 more
Abstract Schwann cells (SCs) are known to be responsible for axonal ensheathing and myelination, and their transplantation is used commonly for treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI). 17β‐estradiol (E2) has also reported for its protective roles in neurons in the transplanted SCs to the SCI model. In the current study, we evaluated the roles of E2 administration before SCs transplantation in targeting SCI‐induced axonal degeneration and demyelination. E2 (25 µg/kg, IP) was administered to the male Wistar rats underwent contusive SCI at T10 segment. At 7 days after injury, 1 × 10 6 SCs were transplanted to the injury epicenter of the spinal cord. The groups were laminectomy, SCI, SCI+E2, and SCI+E2+SCs. Functional recovery was evaluated using the Basso‐Bresnahan‐Beattie locomotor test. Sections from spinal cord were also assessed for histoloical staining, including Luxol fast blue, Bielschowsky's silver and immunofluorescence evaluation of myelin basic protein (MBP). The SCI group showed impaired locomotion in the hind limb, increased number of cavities within spinal cord, low observable numbers of regenerating fibers, and a significant decrease in the rate of expression for MBP. These changes were counteracted in the treatment groups ( P < 0.05 vs SCI) with no significant changes among them. From the results, it may be concluded that application of E2 and SCs could be effective when axons undergo demyelination and degenerative processes, and their combination could partly provide cumulative outcomes.
Journals
2018 EN
Sajjadifar Sami · Arzehgar Zeinab · Ghayuri Azadeh
Zn 3 (BTC) 2 metal‐organic frameworks as recyclable and heterogeneous catalysts were effectively used to catalyze the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives from o ‐phenylendiamine and aldehydes in ethanol. This method provides 2‐aryl‐1 H ‐benzimidazoles in good to excellent yields with little catalyst loading. The catalyst was characterized using different techniques such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy.
Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA
Journals
2018 EN
Mahmoodi Nosrat O. · Ghanbari Pirbasti Fateme · Jalalifard Zeinab
Published data on the preparation of biscoumarin derivatives is discussed in this review. Biscoumarins are synthesized via the reaction of 4‐hydroxy coumarin and different aldehydes. Many attempts have been made to apply various catalysts and also different reaction conditions to synthesize biscoumarins. The role of the catalyst and the reaction conditions on the reaction time and yield of the products is discussed.
Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA
Journals
2018 EN
Sajjadifar Sami · Rezayati Sobhan · Arzehgar Zeinab
+2 more
A heterogeneous iron and nickel immobilized on hydroxyapatitecore‐shell γ‐Fe 2 O 3 nanomagnetic catalyst has been prepared for selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides in the presence of 30% H 2 O 2 .
Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA
Journals
2018 EN
Shaker Olfat Gamil · Mohammed Shereen Rashad · Mohammed Asmaa Mohammed
+1 more
Background Colorectal cancer ( CRC ) has a high morbidity and mortality. Many studies reported that mir‐375 is frequently down‐regulated in many cancers including esophageal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer and leukemias. Aim Our aim was to study the expression of micro RNA ‐375 and its target gene SMAD ‐7 polymorphisms (rs4939827) in CRC patients in comparison to control subjects and to correlate these results with clinical data of patients to elucidate their role in pathogenesis and early diagnosis of CRC . Material and methods The present study was conducted on 122 subjects divided into 86 patients with CRC and 36 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. The followings were done to all subjects: full history taking, full clinical examination, complete blood picture, serum ( ALT , AST ), serum albumin, CEA , TLC , PLT , and creatinine. Gene expression of mi RNA ‐375 from serum was done by real‐time PCR . Gene polymorphism SNP s of SMAD 7 (rs4939827) was also done in DNA extracted from blood by real‐time PCR . Results As regards the polymorphism of SMAD 7, we found that CC (wild) genotype has high percentage in controls compared to CRC cases (36.1% vs 15.1%). Meanwhile, the mutant and heterozygotes genotypes showed high percentage among cases compared to controls (33.7%, and 51.2% respectively) vs (22.2%, and 41.7% respectively) with no significant statistical analysis. There was a statistically significant high T‐allelic frequency among cases and C‐allelic frequency among controls. There was a statistically significant association between fold change in micro RNA (‐375) and the susceptibility to CRC as there is down‐regulation of the micro RNA ‐375 in CRC group with fold change in 0.42±0.27. Conclusion Micro RNA ‐375 and rs4939827 SNP in SMAD 7 could be considered as potential markers for detecting and early diagnosing CRC patients.
Journals
2018 EN
Marei Hany E. · Shouman Zeinab · Althani Asma
+8 more
In the central nervous system (CNS), oligodendrocytes are the glial element in charge of myelin formation. Obtaining an overall presence of oligodendrocyte precursor cells/oligodendrocytes (OPCs/OLs) in culture from different sources of NSCs is an important research area, because OPCs/OLs may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for diseases affecting myelination of axons. The present study was designed to differentiate human olfactory bulb NSCs (OBNSCs) into OPCs/OLs and using expression profiling (RT‐qPCR) gene, immunocytochemistry, and specific protein expression to highlight molecular mechanism(s) underlying differentiation of human OBNSCs into OPCs/OLs. The differentiation of OBNSCs was characterized by a simultaneous appearance of neurons and glial cells. The differentiation medium, containing cAMP, PDGFA, T3, and all‐trans‐retinoic acid (ATRA), promotes OBNSCs to generate mostly oligodendrocytes (OLs) displaying morphological changes, and appearance of long cytoplasmic processes. OBNSCs showed, after 5 days in OLs differentiation medium, a considerable decrease in the number of nestin positive cells, which was associated with a concomitant increase of NG2 immunoreactive cells and few O4(+)‐OPCs. In addition, a significant up regulation in gene and protein expression profile of stage specific cell markers for OPCs/OLs (CNPase, Galc, NG2, MOG, OLIG1, OLIG2, MBP), neurons, and astrocytes (MAP2, β‐TubulinIII, GFAP) and concomitant decrease of OBNSCs pluripotency markers (Oct4, Sox2, Nestin), was demonstrated following induction of OBNSCs differentiation. Taken together, the present study demonstrate the marked ability of a cocktail of factors containing PDGFA, T3, cAMP, and ATRA, to induce OBNSCs differentiation into OPCs/OLs and shed light on the key genes and pathological pathways involved in this process.
Journals
2018 EN
Latifi Zeinab · Fattahi Amir · Ranjbaran Ali
+2 more
During embryo implantation, crosstalk between the endometrial epithelium and the blastocyst, especially the trophoblasts, is a prerequisite for successful implantation. During this crosstalk, various molecular and functional changes occur to promote synchrony between the embryo and the endometrium as well as the uterine cavity microenvironment. In the past few years, growing evidence has shown that endometrium‐derived exosomes play pivotal roles in the embryonic‐maternal crosstalk during implantation, although the exact mechanism of this crosstalk has yet to be determined. The presence of metalloproteinases has been reported in endometrium‐derived exosomes, implying the importance of these enzymes in exosome‐based crosstalk. Thus, in this review, we describe the potential roles of the metalloproteinases of endometrium‐derived exosomes in promoting embryo attachment and implantation. This study could provide a better understanding of the potential roles of exosomal metalloproteinases in embryo implantation and pave the way for developing novel exosome‐based regulatory agents to support early pregnancy.
Journals
2018 EN
Nejabati Hamid Reza · Mihanfar Aynaz · Pezeshkian Masoud
+6 more
Atherosclerosis is identified as the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, which could initiate the formation of a blood clot in which its growth to coronary artery can lead to a heart attack. N‐methyltransferase (NNMT) is an enzyme that converts the NAM (nicotinamide) to its methylated form, N1‐methylnicotinamide (MNAM). Higher levels of MNAM have been reported in cases with coronary artery disease (CAD). Further, MNAM increases endothelial prostacyclin (PGI2) and nitric oxide (NO) and thereby causes vasorelaxation. The vasoprotective, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐thrombotic roles of MNAM have been well documented; however, the exact underlying mechanisms remain to be clarified. Due to potential role of MNAM in the formation of lipid droplets (LDs), it might exert its function in coordination with lipids, and their targets. In this study, we summarized the roles of MNAM in cardiovascular system and highlighted its possible mode of actions.
Journals
2018 EN
Gomha Sobhi M. · Muhammad Zeinab A. · Abdelaziz Mohamad R.
+3 more
The reaction of one equivalents of 5‐acetylthiadiazole with one equivalent of aldehyde in acetic acid and ammonium acetate yielded thiadiazolyl‐pyridine derivatives in a multicomponent reactions. The structures of all the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of elemental analysis and spectral data. The anticancer activities of the synthesized compounds were screened for their activity against human lung carcinoma (A549) and human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG2) comparable with cisplatin, and the results showed that most of such compounds exhibit considerable activities. The order of activity against A549 cell line was 4c , 4e , 4a , 6d , 8d , 11 , 12 , 4b , 4f , and 4d . However, compound 4e exhibited the highest activity against HepG2, followed by 4a , 4c , 6d , 8d , 11 , 12 , 4f , 4d , and 4b . On the other hand, compounds 11 , 12 , and 4b showed the highest 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activities. Conclusively, the results of the current study approved the cytotoxic and antioxidant capabilities of the synthesized compounds.