Maternal Serum IgE, Cord Blood IgE, and Children’s Allergy: A Narrative Review

Maternal Serum IgE, Cord Blood IgE and Children Allergy: A narrative review Running Title: Maternal & Cord Blood IgE and Children Allergy ... Zeinab Nazari, Abbas Dabbaghzadeh, Negar Ghaffari 1 Department of Gynecologist and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2* Department of Allergy and clinical Immunology, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 3 Medical student, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

Effect of Bakri Balloon on Managing Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Case Series

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is among the most significant causes of maternal death worldwide. The time of diagnosing and the proper management of hemorrhage are essential in preventing maternal mortality. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of Bakri balloon on the management of PPH. Bakri balloon was effective in controlling PPH of 92.3% of patients. The most frequent indications for using Bakri balloon was uterine atony (46.1%). Furthermore, Bakri balloon is among the simplest and low invasive methods that can be used to control PPH before invasion methods, like hysterectomy.

Prevalence and clinical symptoms of Human Parainfluenza and Influenza infections in patients admitted to Mazandaran province health centers, 2019

Stress Management in Patients with Breast Cancer Using a Supportive Approach: A systematic Review

Background: Stress is a reaction to physical, psychological and emotional events. Respective to other chronic diseases, breast cancer (BC) is a dire stressful situation greatly disheartening the patients. Therefore, patients with BC need long lasting physical and emotional support to cope with the stress. The purpose of this study was to systematic studies concerning with supportive stress management interventions in patients with BC. Methods: In this review, the literature search was performed in scientific databases including Google Scholar, Scientific Information Database (SID), Magiran, and Irandoc,  Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed [including Medline], and Elsevier. The keywords were retrieved from Medical Subject Headings (Mesh). The articles published from 1997 to 2017 were included. Accordingly, 440 articles were initially retrieved. After reading titles and abstracts, 152 articles were selected for reading full-texts.  Finally, 54 articles including 3 books were used to structure the review. Results: All the included studies had an interventional design focusing on stress management approaches and their related covariates in women with BC. The findings were assessed regarding two distinct approaches.   First, the studies assessing stress management interventions were scrutinized. Next, the impacts of the duration of the interventional sessions, the number of the participants and the contents of sessions were explored. Of the selected articles, 6 were about mindfulness, 2 about relaxation, and 7 about stress-related cognitive-behavioral therapy. In addition, one study was related to resilience training and 2 studies investigated problem-based approaches. Conclusion: Stress management interventions can be helpful in reducing stress in BC patients. Therefore, it is advisable to incorporate stress management strategies along with  routine pharmaceutical therapies in these patients.

Influence of some methylated hepatocarcinogenesis-related genes on the response to antiviral therapy and development of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients

Epigenetics involved in multiple normal cellular processes. Previous research have revealed the role of hepatitis C virus infection in accelerating methylation process and affecting response to treatment in chronic hepatitis patients. This work aimed to elucidate the role of promoter methylation (PM) in response to antiviral therapy, and its contribution to the development of fibrosis through hepatocarcinogenesis-related genes. A total of 159 chronic hepatitis Egyptian patients versus 100 healthy control group were included. The methylation profile of a panel 9 genes (SFRP1, p14, p73, APC, DAPK, RASSF1A, LINE1, O6MGMT, and p16) was detected in patients' plasma using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). Clinical and laboratory findings were gathered for patients with combined pegylated interferon and ribavirin antiviral therapy. Regarding the patients' response to antiviral therapy, the percentage of non-responders for APC, O6MGMT, RASSF1A, SFRP1, and p16 methylated genes were significantly higher versus responders (P<0.05). Of the 159 included patients, the most frequent methylated genes were SFRP1 (102/159), followed by p16 (100/159), RASSF1A (98/159), then LINE1 (81/159), P73 (81/159), APC (78/159), DAPK (66/159), O6MGMT (66/159), and p14 (54/159). A total of 67/98 (68.4%) cases of RASSF1A methylated gene (P=0.0.024), and 62/100 (62%) cases of P16 methylated gene (P=0.03) were associated with mild-degree fibrosis. To recapitulate, the PM of SFRP1, APC, RASSF1A, O6MGMT, and p16 genes increases in chronic hepatitis C patients, and can affect patients' response to antiviral therapy. The RASSF1A and P16 genes might have a role in the distinction between mild and marked fibrosis.

The national influenza epidemic preparedness plan and assessment of health system resources in relation to epidemic response capacity, Ismailia city, Egypt

Influenza can be epidemics and causes a mass casualty. To responses that, health care setting must have a good preparedness for epidemics. Aim: To estimate the current state of influenza preparedness level in hospitals and primary health care centers, and health workers’ perception of institutional preparedness in Ismailia city. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted at three hospitals and four primary health care centers in Ismailia city. 139 healthcare workers (HCWs) were studied in primary health care centers and 176 HCWS in hospitals. Data collection tools included 2 questionnaires and 2 checklists appropriate to the study objectives. Results: The results of this study showed that hospital and primary healthcare workers (HCWs) in Ismailia assigned relatively low importance to personal protective equipment (PPE), and showed mixed attitudes (anxious but accepting) to the potential risk. The weakest domain in our hospital preparedness was health personnel and supplies while the weakest area of preparedness was for infection control among primary health centers. Concerning the Gini coefficient, our results demonstrated inequalities in the distribution of all resources at the hospital level with the higher level of inequality for physicians, Tamiflu and N95 mask (0.63, 0.56 & 0.46 respectively). On the other hand, the distribution of nurses and Tamiflu was moderate unequal distributed at primary levels (0.34 & 0.41 respectively). Conclusions: A higher level of institutional preparedness stood out to be an important predictor of individual preparedness.

Different levels of amphibious adaptation in three mudskipper species from the Persian Gulf: Insights from skeleton and otolith characteristics

Isocyanide Reactions Toward the Synthesis of 3-(Oxazol-5-yl)Quinoline-2-Carboxamides and 5-(2-Tosylquinolin-3-yl)Oxazole

A palladium-catalyzed three-component reaction between 5-(2-chloroquinolin-3-yl) oxazoles, isocyanides, and water to yield 3-(oxazol-5-yl)quinoline-2-carboxamides is described. Interestingly, sulfonylation occurred when the same reaction was performed with toluenesulfonylmethyl isocyanide (TosMIC) as an isocyanide source. The reaction with 5-(2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)oxazoles and TosMIC in the presence of Cs 2 CO 3 in DMSO afforded 5-(2-Tosylquinolin-3-yl)oxazoles. In basic media, TosMIC probably decomposed to generate Ts − species, which were replaced with Cl − . Tandem oxazole formation with subsequent sulfonylation of 2-chloroquinoline-3-carbaldehydes to form directly 5-(2-tosylquinolin-3-yl)oxazoles was also investigated.

Biochar Induces Changes to Basic Soil Properties and Bacterial Communities of Different Soils to Varying Degrees at 25 mm Rainfall: More Effective on Acidic Soils

Biochar and chemical fertilizer have been widely used in agriculture. Most studies have proved that they not only alter soil nutrient content, but also have an impact on soil microbial communities. However, the effects of biochar and chemical fertilizer application on the overall bacterial community in different soil types under rainfall conditions are not yet understood. We took rainfall as a fixed influencing factor and selected four typical soils of China to investigate the bacterial effects of biochar and chemical fertilizer at 25 mm rainfall, and to identify specific differential bacteria and their functions, and to explore the changes of the bacterial community structure of different soil types. The depth of simulated rainfall was 25 mm each time. Yellow-brown soil, fluvo-aquic soil, lou soil, and black soil were chosen for experiment and each soil was divided into four treatments, included non-biochar and non-fertilizer (CK), fertilizer alone (F), biochar alone (C), and combination of biochar and fertilizer (FC). The results indicated that biochar and fertilizer have a more significant effect on bacterial communities in acidic soils. The amendment of biochar and fertilizer alone or together identified 3 ( f_Oxalobacteraceae , f_Solibacteraceae_Subgroup_3 , f_Sphingomonadaceae ), 5 ( f_Chitinophagaceae , f_Comamonadaceae , f_Geobacteraceae , f_norank_o_SC-I-84 , f_norank_c_OPB35_soil_group ), 1 ( f_Blastocatellaceae_Subgroup_4 ) and 0 differential bacteria in yellow-brown soil, fluvo-aquic soil, lou soil, and black soil by statistical test. In yellow-brown soil, the application of biochar alone increased the relative abundance of potential pathogens within the Sphingomonadaceae and reduced the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria in Solibacteraceae , but the addition of biochar and fertilizer together increased the relative abundance of some beneficial bacteria in Oxalobacteraceae . In fluvo-aquic soil, both biochar, and chemical fertilizers promoted the relative abundance of some beneficial bacteria belonging to Chitinophagaceae , Comamonadaceae , and Geobacteraceae that may be involved in nutrient cycling, degradation of plant residues and increase of metal tolerance. The interactions between acidic soil bacterial communities and measured soil parameters including pH, organic matter were found to be statistically significant. Results from this study revealed that it is necessary to formulate biochar and fertilizer application schemes based on different soil types.

Longitudinal Effects of Bumetanide on Neuro-Cognitive Functioning in Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have repeatedly shown inconsistent and almost contradictory effects on the neurocognitive system, from substantial impairments in processing speed to the noticeable improvement in working memory and executive functioning. Previous studies have provided a novel insight into the cognitive improvement by bumetanide as a potential antiepileptic drug. Through the current investigation, we evaluated the longitudinal effects of bumetanide, an NKCC1 co-transporter antagonist, on the brain microstructural organization as a probable underlying component for cognitive performance. Microstructure assessment was completed using SPM for the whole brain assay and Freesurfer/TRACULA for the automatic probabilistic tractography analysis. Primary cognitive operations including selective attention and processing speed, working memory capacity and spatial memory were evaluated in 12 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of refractory epilepsy. Participants treated with bumetanide (2 mg/ day) in two divided doses as an adjuvant therapy to their regular AEDs for 6 months, which followed by the re-assessment of their cognitive functions and microstructural organizations. Seizure frequency reduced in eight patients which accompanied by white matter reconstruction; fractional anisotropy (FA) increased in the cingulum-cingulate gyrus (CCG), anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), and temporal part of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLFt) in correlation with the clinical response. The voxel-based analysis in responder patients revealed increased FA in the left hippocampus, right cerebellum, and right medial temporal lobe, while mean diffusivity (MD) values reduced in the right occipital lobe and cerebellum. Microstructural changes in SLFt and ATR accompanied by a reduction in the error rate in the spatial memory test. These primary results have provided preliminary evidence for the effect of bumetanide on cognitive functioning through microstructural changes in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.