EFFECTIVENESS OF COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL PROGRAM ON REDUCING MOTHERS' BURDEN OF CARE OF THEIR CHILDREN WITH AUTISM DISORDER

Background: Children with autism have trouble communicating, they also have trouble understanding what other people think and feel. This makes it very hard for them to express themselves either with words or through gestures, facial expressions and touch. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess, plan, implement and evaluate the effect of cognitive-behavioral program on reducing mothers' burden of care of their children with Autistic disorders. Methodology: A quasi experimental research design with pre-post assessment was used. The study subjects included 45 mothers with Autistic children attending childs' Clinics of El-A bbassia Governmental Hospital and childrens' Centers at El-Fayoum city as Sondos Academy within a period of 6 months with their children. Results: This study concluded that the prevalence of autism was much higher among females in this Egyptian sample. There was statistically significant differences pre and post program between the level of mothers’ knowledge, skills and behavior. There was a highly statistically significant difference between pre and post program as regards the total scores of mothers' coping pattern to decrease their psychological and social stresses, which improved in post program. There were statistically significant positive correlations between parents' burden and daily living activities among the children studied. Recommendation: The stydy will help to develop educational programs to increase mothers’ knowledge and awareness about the nature and management of autism all over the country.

Bayesian estimation of sensitivity and specificity of a PCR method to detect Coxiella burnetii in milk and vaginal secretions in sheep and goat samples

Coxiella burnetii is a gram-negative and polymorphic rod bacterium that causes Q fever, a common zoonotic disease distributed worldwide. Widespread occurrences of the disease outbreaks indicate the importance of coordinated animal and human health efforts to control these outbreaks. Different tests are available to determine the C. burnetii infection status of a flock, but false negative responses may occur, as infectious animals can shed bacteria in milk intermittently, especially during an asymptomatic infection. In this study, a Bayesian latent class model was implemented to estimate the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of a PCR method for the detection of C. burnetii in milk samples (PCR M ) and vaginal swabs (PCR V ) from Iranian sheep and goats. A nested PCR assay was conducted to detect infected animals among 170 milk samples and 170 vaginal swabs from goat flocks and 170 milk samples and 170 vaginal swabs from sheep flocks. We implemented a Bayesian latent class model to estimate the Se and Sp of a PCR method for the detection of C. burnetii in milk samples and vaginal swabs from sheep and goats. Estimations were based on the cross-classified results of PCR M and PCR V from the sheep and goat subpopulations. Positivity was 17.6 and 33.5%, respectively, for PCR M and PCR V samples among sheep. In goats, the apparent prevalence was 32.9 and 56.4% in PCR M and PCR V samples testing positive, respectively. This indicated the lower sensitivity of PCR M . The Se of PCR V was significantly higher than Se of PCR M , which corresponded to a higher rate of vaginal-positive, milk-negative PCR samples. In contrast, Sp of PCR V was lower than Sp of PCR M , representing the higher false-positive rate of vaginal swabs. The PCR V outperformed PCR M in terms of identifying latently infected sheep and goats; however, neither method could identify all latently infected sheep and goats, thus the combination is recommended to maximize our ability to identify infected animals. The true prevalence of C. burnetii infection was higher in Iranian goats than sheep.

The inhibitory effect of nisin on Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis and its effect on mycobacterial cell wall

Infection with Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) is a widespread problem in the United States and worldwide, and it constitutes a significant health problem for dairy animals with a potential effect on human health. Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is easily transmitted through consumption of contaminated milk; therefore, finding safe methods to reduce the mycobacterial load in milk and other dairy products is important to the dairy industry. The main objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of natural products, such as bacteriocins designated as "generally regarded as safe" (GRAS), on the survival of M. paratuberculosis in milk. Commercially synthesized bacteriocin (nisin) was used to examine its effect on the survival of laboratory and field isolates of M. paratuberculosis and in contaminated milk. Surprisingly, nisin had a higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against the laboratory strain (M. paratuberculosis K10), at 500 U/mL, than against field isolates (e.g., M. paratuberculosis 4B and JTC 1281), at 15 U/mL. In milk, growth of M. paratuberculosis was inhibited after treatment with levels of nisin that are permissible in human food at 4°C and 37°C. Using both fluorescent and scanning electron microscopy, we were able to identify defects in the bacterial cell walls of treated cultures. Our analysis indicated that nisin reduced membrane integrity by forming pores in the mycobacterial cell wall, thereby decreasing survival of M. paratuberculosis. Thus, nisin treatment of milk could be implemented as a control measure to reduce M. paratuberculosis secreted in milk from infected herds. Nisin could also be used to reduce M. paratuberculosis in colostrum given to calves from infected animals, improving biosecurity control in dairy herds affected by Johne's disease.

On some new inequalities of Hermite Hadamard types for hyperbolic p-convex functions

In this paper, we show that the power function fn(x) is hyperbolic p-convex function. Furthermore, we establish some new integral inequalities for higher powers of hyperbolic p-convex functions. Also, some applications for special means are provided as well.

EGYPTIAN SCHOOL OF STEM AND THE NEEDS' FOR THE LABOUR MARKET OF TEACHER OF EXCELLENCE THROUGH HIGHER EDUCATION

Comparison of dynamic postural stability scores between athletes with and without chronic ankle instability during lateral jump landing

Erythrocytes as Biomarkers for Dementia: Analysis of Protein Content and Alpha-Synuclein

Discovering biomarkers for dementia is a pivotal step toward successful early diagnosis and treatment. Although plasma biomarkers have been explored, no consensus has been reached. Alpha-synuclein (AS), a 14 kDa synaptic protein associated with several neurodegenerative diseases, exists natively within erythrocytes (ERC). This protein is characteristic of Lewy body diseases, in which it aggregates into toxic Lewy bodies. As ERC are implicated in dementia, they are a potential target for future biomarkers.

Revisiting the Physician’s Approach to Lesbian and Bisexual Patients in Lebanon

Health disparities among sexual minority groups exist worldwide. Lesbian and bisexual women face barriers to healthcare access and provision. Disparities are even more striking in Middle Eastern countries like Lebanon. This paper assesses healthcare resources and practices pertaining to sexual minority women in Lebanon. We found a significant scarcity of research on lesbian or bisexual women coming out of Lebanon or the Middle East. We call for enriching the literature with such research to better understand the needs of women and recommend effective interventions.

Projective Response of Patients with Somatic Symptom Disorder Compared To Controls Based On Location Score in Rorschach Test

* Corresponding Author: Isaac Rahimian Boogar, PhD. Address: Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran. Tel: +98 (23) 33624250 E-mail: [email protected] 1. Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran. 2. Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran. Zeinab Abdolhosseini1 ,*Isaac Rahimian Boogar1 , Siyavash Telepasand2

The Impacts of Knowledge Component on Resistance Economy of Nahjolbalaghe Perspective