Tertiary trauma Survey is an important tool for detection of missed injury and some trauma units have created their own protocol for tertiary trauma surveys to decrease the incidence of missed injuries in trauma patients. Aim of the study: This study aimed to assess nurses' performance regarding tertiary Survey and Poly-trauma patients outcome. Research Design: A descriptive exploratory design was utilized. Subjects: A convenient sample of all available nurses (50 nurses) who are working in intensive care unit at Emergency Hospital affiliated to Ain Shams University Hospitals. A purposeful sample composed of (50) adult patients from both gender diagnosed as poly-trauma patients was recruited from the same unit. Methods: Data were obtained through three tools; Self-administered questionnaire for nurses, Nurses practice observational checklist tool and clinical outcomes tool for patients. Results: Nurses under study had unsatisfactory level of knowledge and practice regarding tertiary trauma survey. There were high statistically significance positive correlation between total level of knowledge and practice. There was difference between injury severity score and laboratory investigations and hemodynamic status, physical assessment and radiological findings of poly trauma patients on admission and after 24 hours. Conclusion: Less than half and less than one-third of the nurses under study had an unsatisfactory level of knowledge and practice respectively, regarding tertiary trauma survey and there were high statistical significance positive correlation between total level of knowledge and total level of practice. Poly-trauma patients' outcome, there was difference between injury severity score and laboratory investigations and hemodynamic status, physical assessment and radiological findings of poly trauma patients on admission and after 24 hours Recommendations: In research: Research is needed to follow the patients' outcome and missed injury. Replication of the current study on larger probability sample is recommended to achieve generalization of the results
Mast cells VEGF is a highly specific mitogen for vascular endothelial cells. Five VEGF isoforms are generated as a result of alternative splicing from a single VEGF gene. The expression of VEGF is potentiated in response to hypoxia, by activated oncogenes, and by a variety of cytokines. VEGF induces endothelial cell proliferation, promotes cell migration, and inhibits apoptosis. In vivo VEGF induces angiogenesis as well as permeabilization of blood vessels, and plays a central role in the regulation of vasculogenesis. Deregulated VEGF expression contributes to the development of solid tumors and to several additional diseases by promoting tumor angiogenesis. Consequently, inhibition of VEGF signaling abrogates the development of a wide variety of tumors. The various VEGF forms bind to two tyrosine-kinase receptors, VEGFR-1 (flt-1) and VEGFR-2 (KDR/flk-1), which are expressed almost exclusively in endothelial cells. 1 يناطبلا ومنلا لماع يئاعولا ٢