Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a localized inflammation of the pancreatic gland that often leads to local and systemic complications. Cinnamic acids have been identified as interesting compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic properties. A pre-clinical study using L-arginine induced AP in the rat model was attempted to evaluate the antioxidant effect of Cinnamic acid. The result confirmed that the AP condition was developed in response to the injection of L-arginine causing significant changes in different pancreatic enzymes; amylase and lipase in addition to the oxidative stress biomarkers. The treatment with Cinnamic acid caused a marked effect on these investigated parameters. The findings of the present study demonstrated that Cinnamic acid provided effective protection against AP induced by L-arginine in rats since this compound was able to ameliorate serum enzymes released from pancreas, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense system and to prevent the lipid peroxidation in these tissues. More detail study about Cinnamic acid treatment reversing or reducing acute pancreatitis is needed.
Nematodes of the genus Hysterothylacium (Nematoda: Raphidascarididae) infect marine fishes either with larval and adult stages. Humans can be accidentally infected upon consumption of infected seafood. Inspire of their importance, little is known about their occurrence and systematics in Egypt. During the present study, different Red Sea fishes at Hurghada (Egypt) were examined for parasitic infection. Among others four types of third-stage larvae and two types of fourth-stage larvae of Hysterothylacium sp. were for the first time redescribed from Egypt and compared from each other as well as from otherwise elsewhere previously described forms. Moreover, their comparative morphometry, fish hosts differences as well as their medical importance, had been discussed.
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the push out bond strength of fiber posts to oval shaped root canals using different post techniques and correlation of bond strength values to different cement thicknesses at different post level in different post techniques.Methods: A total of thirty-two recently extracted human mandibular first premolars with oval root canals were selected and stored in normal saline solution. The teeth were horizontally sectioned 2 mm coronal to the cementoenamel junction with a double-faced diamond disk in a slow-speed handpiece with copious coolant. Root canal treatment was done for all teeth using a standardized technique. The teeth were then randomly divided into four equal groups (n=8) according to the post and core system used: Group I: Single circular post technique, Group II: Relined post technique, Group III: Double circular post technique, Group IV: Oval post technique. For each sample, the roots were cut horizontally, perpendicular to the long axis of the root using low speed diamond saw under water coolant to obtain three 2 mm ± 0.1 thick root specimens representing cervical, middle and apical third of the root. The resin cement thickness around each specimen obtained after slicing were measured using scanning electron microscope (SEM) at eight standardized points around the circumference of the slice; between the canal wall and the fiber post perimeter. Each root slice was subjected to compressive loading at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min via a computer controlled Universal testing machine to record the maximum failure load in Newton. The push out bond strength was calculated by dividing the recorded peak load by the surface area of each slice. Results: As regards to the mean push out bond strength values for the post techniques, there was a statistically significant difference between mean push out bond strength of different post techniques where oval post technique showed the statistically significant highest mean push out bond strength. Relined technique showed statistically significant lower mean value followed by double circular technique. Single circular technique showed the statistically significantly lowest
Statement of problem: The microstructure and processing methods used to produce any dental restoration might affect the final mechanical outcomes as well as the clinical success. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of lithium disilicate and zirconia reinforced lithium disilicate ceramic crowns constructed using two processing techniques after fatigue loading namely, CAD/CAM technique and pressing technique. The marginal integrity of the crowns was examined before and after fatigue loading. Methods: A total number of thirty-two freshly extracted maxillary first molars were collected. The teeth were chosen to be of similar bucco-lingual and mesiodistal dimensions. The teeth were mounted vertically into epoxy resin templates. Full coverage all-ceramic preparation was performed for all samples using a standardized technique. The prepared teeth were randomly divided into four equal groups (n=8) according to the all-ceramic materials and technique used for crown fabrication as follows: Group I: IPS e-max CAD(EC): eight prepared teeth were restored with machinable lithium disilicate glass ceramics. Group II: Celtra Duo(CD): eight prepared teeth were restored with machinable zirconia-reinforced lithium disilicate glass ceramics. Group III: IPS e-max Press (EP): eight prepared teeth were restored with pressable lithium disilicate glass ceramics. Group IV: Celtra Press (CP): eight prepared teeth were restored with pressable zirconia-reinforced lithium disilicate glass ceramics. The crowns were cemented using self-adhesive resin cement (Rely X Unicem). Vertical margin gap distance of all the crowns was measured using a stereomicroscope. Following vertical marginal gap distance measurements, the samples were subjected to fatigue cyclic loading for 60000 cycles which is equivalent to six months clinical service. The vertical marginal gap distance for all samples were subsequently remeasured after the fatigue loading testing. Fracture resistance test was done using universal testing machine. The fracture load was recorded in Newton. Data was collected, tabulated and statistically analyzed. Results: One-way ANOVA test for comparison between the fracture resistance of the four types of all-ceramic crowns revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between mean fracture resistance of different all ceramic materials and techniques used in this study (P-value u003c0.001). For the marginal gap distance either before or after fatigue cyclic loading; there was a statistically significant difference between the four all ceramic crowns used in this study.Conclusions: CAD/CAM techniques showed better fracture resistance values than pressable techniques, even if the same material was used. The addition of zirconia to lithium disilicate ceramics did not improve the fracture resistance of all ceramic crowns. Pressable processing techniques showed better vertical marginal gap distance than CAD/CAM techniques for both ceramic materials used. Cyclic loading resulted in significant increase in the vertical marginal gap distance for all ceramic crowns using different processing techniques.
Puffer fishes or blow fishes, are named due to their capability to inflate their bodies due to pull the water into the abdomen, or air when they found out of the water, tough scale less skin often with small spindles, jaws with break-like dental plates having a medium structure, a small slit-like gill opening (Randall, 1982). Puffer fishes are among the most poisonous vertebrates in the world, many parts of the body contain toxin tetrodotoxin and one highly toxic to most animals when eaten (McClane, 1977). Sabrah, et al. (2006) reported that, the puffer fishes are widespread in the Red Sea and about 120 species of them are mostly distributed in tropical seas. They also called blowfish and globefish, due to their ability of expanding their bodies with water or air when intimidate, and become difficult to swallow. Brenner et al. (1993) said that the genome of puffer fishes seem to be uniquely compact, because it includes unusually small introns and lack extensive repetitive sequences and pseudogenes. However, the puffer fish genome preserves the structural complexity reflected in the intron and exon arrangements observed in homologous genes of higher vertebrates (Elgar et al., 1996 and Koop and Nadeau, 1996) and has become ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Received: Sept. 3, 2019 Accepted: Nov. 28, 2019 Online: Dec. 2019
Aflatoxins (AFs) are difuranocoumarin derivatives produced as secondary metabolites by fungi belonging to several Aspergillus species. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most potent naturally occurring hepatic carcinogens to both human and animals and is classified as a group (1) human carcinogen. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the effect of encapsulating polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP 10, 360 and 1300 kDa)-Tannic acid complexed nanoparticles (PVP-TA NPs) inside yeast cell walls (YCW) to remediate AFB1 in the gastrointestinal models. Glucan Mannan Lipid Particles (GMLPs) from Saccharomyces cescerevisie cell walls showed the highest AFB1 adsorption in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) after 10 min, and in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) after 1 h. Glucan Mannan Lipid Particles are hollow 3–4-micron porous microspheres that provide an efficient system for the synthesis and encapsulation of AFB1-absorbing nanoparticles (NPs). Although tannic acid (28%) was released from GMLP particles after three water washes, only 10, 5.6 and 7.6% of the total loaded TA was released when complexed with optimal ratios of PVP 10, 360 and 1300kDa; respectively. Fluorescence microscopic images supported the conclusion that PVP TA complexed NP cores were successfully synthesized inside the GMLPs. Encapsulation of PVP TA NPs inside GMLPs significantly increased the stability of the GMLP encapsulated PVP TA NPs formulation. Data also showed that AFB1 adsorption by the multi-functional GMLP PVP-TA NPs was enhanced synergistically in SGF and in SIF binding compared to individual GMLP.
Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the causes of cardiovascular diseases that lead to death despite of the great advancements in the medical interventions.Aim of the work: To assess the possible effect of mangosteen and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in Isoproterenol (ISO)-induced MI in adult male albino rats, monitored by histological and immunohistochemical methods.Materials and Methods: Fifty-five adult male albino rats were divided into: control group (GI), group II (ISO), group III (Mangosteen+ISO), group IV (ISO+MSCs), group V (Mangosteen+Isoproterenol+MSCs). ISO was given subcutaneously, twice (250mg/kg/d), mangosteen was given orally (18mg/200gm) and MSCs (5x106 cells in 1mL of PBS) were injected intracardiac. Myocardial sections were stained with Hu0026E, Masson’s trichrome and immunohistochemical stain for caspase-3 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The mean area % of collagen fibers and immunoreactivity of caspase-3 and VEGF were measured by the image analyzer. The statistical analysis was applied by using ANOVA.Results: Myocardial sections of G II revealed discontinuity and degeneration of cardiac muscle fibers, pyknotic nuclei, inflammatory cellular infiltration and congested blood vessels. There were increased collagen deposition and significant increase in caspase-3 immunoreactivity. Mangosteen administration (G III) showed partial improvement in cardiac muscle fibers and reduced inflammatory cellular infiltration.MSCs treatment (G IV) resulted in obvious decline in myocardial damage, apoptosis with significant reduction of collagen deposition and significant increase in VEGF immunoreactivity. Better results are obtained when MSCs and mangosteen were combined (G V).Conclusion: Mangosteen exerts a synergistic effect with MSCs against ISO-induced MI.