Selected materials techniques for evaluation of attributes of sourdough bread with Kombucha SCOBY

There is a high demand for new techniques and applications, which are typically used in materials science for food product development. As a novel food example, sourdough bread (SDB) has been previously evaluated for its prolonged shelf life, positive health effects, and distinctive flavor, yet conventional fermentation is time-consuming. The influence of dough hydration on the properties of SDB prepared using symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY) derived from black tea Kombucha and how SCOBY reduced the overall time of the starter preparation to ∼16 h were studied. This decrement in the fermentation period, aided by the metabolically active microbial association in SCOBY, acts as a suitable alternative to conventional sourdough cultures that need extended fermentation periods. Several characterization techniques were employed to elucidate the effect of hydration levels (70–90%) of the samples, including impedance profile analysis. Results have revealed that the SDB with an 80% hydration level (SB80) displayed optimal characteristics concerning porosity, starch crystallization, texture, total phenolic content, and viscoelasticity. These findings suggest that SB80 attained a stable matrix with enticing nutritional and mechanical attributes, thereby emerging as an ideal candidate for developing novel bakeries with improved properties. Higher hydration levels enhanced the moisture retention ability and antioxidant activity. Furthermore, FTIR studies confirmed hydration-mediated molecular interactions, thereby affecting gluten structure and the process of starch gelatinization. Stress relaxation studies have revealed the superior mechanical strength of SB80, thus demonstrating improved texture and mouthfeel attributes. Electrical impedance spectroscopy studies further displayed hydration-driven modifications in water distribution and starch arrangement. These findings open a new dimension in utilizing SCOBY as an alternative in formulating novel SDBs to create sustainable, functional food products.

Catalytic exploration metallic and nonmetallic nano-catalysts, properties, role in photoelectrochemistry for sustainable applications

This article provides an overview of the photoelectrochemistry of nano-catalysts, their advantages, mechanisms, and the interactions between nanostructures and reactivity. The applications of nanomaterials in various processes, such as dye degradation, toxicity elimination, HER, CO 2 RR, and OER were found paramount. The types of catalysis, including homogeneous, heterogeneous, enzymatic, photocatalysis, and photo electrocatalysis, elucidate their significance, and unique applications are also included. Advanced catalysts, from semiconductor nanomaterials to cocatalysts and surface modifications, are explored for their ability to harness light energy and drive efficient redox reactions. The emerging trends in electrocatalyst design, such as metal-free carbon catalysts, carbon nanotubes, graphene, nanodiamond, porous carbon, metal and carbon composite catalysts, and other metal and carbon composite catalysts are very important for future perspectives, therefore their consideration in this review has been focused. It also briefly discusses the advantages and disadvantages of nano-catalysts, including advanced catalysis, photogenerated charge carriers, redox reactions, and cocatalysts and surface modifications.

On the extended G ′ G 2 $\left(\frac{{G}^{\prime }}{{G}^{2}}\right)$ -expansion method for an optical solution of the Schrödinger equation in quantum mechanics

This paper intends to investigate the optical solution of the generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE) of higher order that includes cubic-quintic nonlinear terms and third-fourth order dispersion, focusing on the dynamics of ultra-short pulse transmission in optical fibers and quantum mechanics within the framework of nonlinear optics. The new analytical and solitary wave solutions for higher order generalized NLSE is determined with the extendedG ′G 2$\left(\frac{{G}^{\prime }}{{G}^{2}}\right)$-expansion method. This method is a significant mathematical instrument for identifying the exact traveling wave solution of the complex partial differential equations with greater nonlinearity and also applications in various fields of physical sciences. A variety of soliton solutions, such as periodic, plane wave and singular solutions are derived along with suitable values of the parameters. Furthermore, the examination of wave propagation through the trigonometric, hyperbolic and rational functions is represented via physical interpretation with the help of 2D and 3D surf plots. This study has a great practical significance and has the potential for broad application in several scientific domains, including nonlinear optics and quantum mechanics.

Nonlinear propagation of coherent Rossby waves in the earth’s atmosphere

Coherent Rossby waves are integral to large-scale atmospheric processes, influencing weather patterns, energy redistribution, and global circulation. This study explores the nonlinear dynamics of these waves by deriving the two-dimensional Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation (2D-NLSE) from the 2D-Charney–Obukhov equation, which describes large-scale motion in a rotating, stratified fluid. The 2D-NLSE emerges as a powerful tool for understanding how weak nonlinearity and dispersion govern the evolution of Rossby wave packets. The 2D-NLSE reveals the influence of nonlinear interactions in shaping Rossby wave evolution, including phenomena such as wave amplitude modulation, soliton formation, and the emergence of localized structures. These nonlinear effects are pivotal for understanding the mechanisms of energy exchange across different scales in atmospheric systems. The analysis reveals that Rossby waves can give rise to the formation of rogue waves, as well as bright and kink-type Rossby wave envelope solitons. The results may contribute to the theoretical understanding of nonlinear wave propagation in geophysical systems and offer a foundation for improving predictive models for atmospheric behavior.

French marigold ( Tagetes patula ) flavonoid extract-based priming ameliorates initial drought stress on Oryza sativa var indica , cultivar Satabdi (IET4786): a sustainable approach to avoid initial drought stress

Drought stress remains a serious concern in Oryza sativa L. var indica , cultivar Satabdi (IET4786) production, particularly during the earliest growth phases, ultimately affecting yield due to the recent trend of delayed rain arrival in West Bengal, India. This study aimed to develop a cost-effective strategy to improve the drought tolerance capacity of rice seedlings by priming the seeds with flavonoid-enriched extract (FEE) of French marigold ( Tagetes patula ) petals to withstand the initial drought milieu. The morpho-physiological and biochemical responses of rice seedlings were evaluated to perceive the priming efficacy in alleviating water stress-induced untoward effects. The findings revealed that mechanical priming of the IET4786 seeds with FEE (50 mg/mL for 30 min) significantly improved seedling survival against initial drought stress for 14 days. After 24 h of recovery from drought stress, the primed seed-derived seedlings exhibited significantly improved morphological, physiological, biochemical, and redox parameters compared to the seedlings derived from unprimed seeds under net house conditions. In search of mechanistic insights, seed priming significantly increased proline content by endorsing Δ 1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase activities, endorsed methylglyoxal clearance homeostasis by improving glyoxalase I and II activities through restoring glutathione (GSH) level, and enhanced polyamine accumulation in the leaves of seedlings to endure drought stress.

Antidiabetic activities of aerial part of Asparagus racemosus Willd. extract: an in vitro , in vivo , and in silico approach

Asparagus racemosus Willd., a significant medicinal plant in India’s Darjeeling Himalayan region. The current study aims to assess the antidiabetic efficacy of the aerial part of Asparagus racemosus Willd. utilizing a streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rat model. The methanolic extract of plant (ARME) was evaluated for in vitro antidiabetic activity through α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzyme suppression assay and assessed in vivo in a streptozotocin-induced rat model. A 21-day chronic multiple-dose study of ARME was examined. STZ-induced diabetic rats were treated with metformin (70 mg/kg) and ARME at concentrations of 200 and 400 mg/kg. It was discovered that ARME inhibited the activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase and showed potent therapeutic effects on the rat’s model. ARME helps raise body weight, hemoglobin, and other blood counts and normalizes the serum parameters in the diabetic group. In addition, liver tissues’ abnormal levels of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione and lipid peroxides were returned to those of control animals. HPTLC study revealed the presence of stigmasterol, which showed a strong affinity for the proteins linked to diabetes mellitus through in silico study. As a result of these findings, ARME inhibits the activity of digestive enzymes and has antioxidant and antihyperglycemic effects in STZ-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats.

In-vivo hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities of the whole plant methanolic extract of Neptunia prostrata Linn

This study investigates the in vivo hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties of the methanolic extract of the whole plant Neptunia prostrata (NPME) using the Wistar albino rat model. Acute toxicity evaluation confirmed the safety of the extract, with no behavioral or physiological abnormalities observed. In the paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity model, treatment with NPME significantly lowered serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin in a dose-dependent manner, comparable to silymarin. The antidiabetic activity of NPME was evaluated in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats, where NPME significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels and improved oral glucose tolerance over a 21-day period. Restoration of serum α-amylase, SGPT, SGOT, creatinine, and alkaline phosphatase levels further supported its metabolic efficacy. Histopathological studies of liver, kidney, and heart tissue in treated rats revealed improved cellular architecture and reduced pathological alterations. Anti-inflammatory effects were confirmed by significantly inhibiting carrageenan-induced paw edema, indicating possible modulation of cyclooxygenase-mediated pathways. Treatment with NPME downregulated IL-6 and upregulated IL-10. Overall, the findings highlight the broad-spectrum pharmacological activity of N. prostrata in the rat model, supporting its potential use as a plant-based therapeutic for managing metabolic and inflammatory conditions such as diabetes mellitus, hepatotoxicity, and inflammation.

Parallel Multicore Algorithms for Community Detection in Dynamic Graphs

Preference Tuning with Human Feedback on Language, Speech, and Vision Tasks: A Survey

NO EFFECT OF FETAL HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL ON AUDITORY DISCRIMINATION IN INDIVIDUALS WITH SICKLE CELL ANEMIA