Journals
2011 EN
Estevão C. de Rezende Martins
A História se faz pelo agir humano no tempo e no espaço social. O agir é individual. Seus resultados ultrapassam, o mais das vezes, o âmbito do particular e conformam o conjunto da sociedade, por diferentes caminhos. O ensino da História situa-se numa dupla perspectiva. A tradicional, de cunho restrito, e a potencializadora, de tipo abrangente. Em ambos os casos requer-se a consciência histórica de cada indivíduo, na qual se coloca em perspectiva a experiência refletida do tempo, cujo sentido histórico somente vem a ser articulado quando se dá a devida identificação de seus componentes culturais e de seu efeito conformador do presente. O ensino da História encontra sua missão mais destacada no estabelecimento da correlação substantiva entre a vida quotidiana do presente e o passado historiado. Deve-se preservar a qualidade controlável dos conteúdos produzidos e utilizados e a responsabilidade (pedagógica e ética) de docentes e aprendizes para consigo e para com os demais. O ensino de história é, com isso, simultaneamente profissão e missão. History is made by human action in time and in the social space. Any action is individual. Its results exceed, in most cases, the private scope of a person, and moreover shape the society as a whole, in different ways. The teaching of History is located in a double perspective. The traditional one more restricted to certain individuals and groups, and another one, far more comprehensive, which influences beyond the present time and the present society. In both cases it is required that each individual develops historical consciousness, which puts into perspective the reflected experience of time, whose sense of history comes to be articulated only when there is a proper identification of its components and its cultural effects. The teaching of History finds its most prominent role in the establishment of substantive correlation between the daily life of present and the historicized past. It must preserve the quality of the contents produced and control its responsible use by teachers and students in the common social and cultural life. The teaching of history is, thus, both profession and mission
Universidade Federal do Paraná
Journals
2011 EN
Larissa Viana
The young Scottish physician Mungo Park, aged 23, arrived in Africa in 1795 with a mission as specific as it was complex in those bygone days, namely to travel the entire length of the River Niger. In 1799, the story of this journey was published in a book that sold 1500 copies in the first month alone, with two further editions published that same year, as well as the translation of the work into French and German the following year. In this article, the narrative of Mungo Park is examined by taking due consideration of the relationship between the tropics, science and travel in the early days of British expansionism into the heart of Africa.
Journals
2011 SP
Mariana Daniela Gómez
En este artículo abordo cómo fueron observadas y representadas las mujeres tobas del oeste (qom) por los misioneros anglicanos de la South American Missionary Society (SAMS) durante su labor en la Misión El Toba, en el Chaco centro occidental, en la provincia de Formosa (Argentina). También analizo algunas actividades promovidas por la misión durante las décadas de 1930 y de 1940 que buscaban generar cambios culturales en los roles, en las identidades y en los espacios de las mujeres y los hombres. Veremos también la participación y las resistencias de las mujeres a estos cambios instituidos por la labor misionera. In this article I approach how were observed and represented Toba women by the Anglican missionaries from the South American Missionary Society (SAMS) during their work at Misión El toba, on the West-Center Chaco, Formosa province (Argentina). I analyze too some activities promoted by the mission back in the 1930's and 1940's which seemed to generate cultural changes on the roles, identities and on women and man spaces. We'll also see the participation and the resistances of women to these imposed changes by the missionary work
Journals
2011 EN
Benedito Barraviera
The Associação Brasileira de Editores Científicos (ABEC) (Brazilian Association of Scientific Editors), founded November 28th, 1985, is a national non-profit agency of indefinite duration. It unites individuals and corporations interested in developing and enhancing the publication of scientific and technical periodicals in order to improve communication and the propagation of information, as well as to stimulate the exchange of ideas, debate about problems and the defense of common interests.
Journals
2011 EN
Leonardo Oliveira Pena Costa · Christopher G. Maher · Alexandre Días Lópes
+2 more
There was a clear grow, in the last 2 decades, of up to 6 fold in scientific articles that are directly relevant to physical therapy practice. However, along with this fast grow; little attention has been given to transparency when reporting research methods and results. More recently, groups of researchers around the world have made successful attempts to address this issue by creating guidelines that will help researchers not only on the preparation of manuscripts but also on making sure that important details related to design and methodology are controlled and reported.
Journals
2011 EN
Kleber Trabaquini · Édison Miglioranza · Valmir de França
+1 more
O sensoriamento remoto e o geoprocessamento são geotecnologias importantes no apoio ao levantamento de dados da agricultura, permitindo estudos e o entendimento das relações ambientais em que uma determinada cultura está inserida. Neste trabalho,objetivou-se, relacionar as variáveis físicas, como, altimetria, declividade e tipo de solo com o agrossistema cafeeiro existente no município de Umuarama-PR pelo uso de geotecnologias. Foi utilizada a imagem do satélite LANDSAT 5/TM (Thematic Mapper) com data de passagem em 02/07/2007 e o software SPRING 4.3.3. As bandas 3, 4 e 5 do sensor TM foram restauradas, resultando em imagens de 15 m de resolução espacial e, posteriormente, constituindo a composição colorida RGB, na sequência TM4, TM5, TM3, a qual foi empregada na identificação das lavouras cafeeiras por meio de interpretação visual. Para o estudo do relevo, foram utilizados dados da missão SRTM, os quais possibilitaram o conhecimento da altimetria e declividade da região. A imagem do sensor TM possibilitou a execução da classificação visual e consequente identificação das lavouras cafeeiras com alta precisão. Quanto ao relevo, verificou-se que aproximadamente 99% das lavouras cafeeiras estão localizadas entre 380 e 480 metros de altitude e que 90% destas estão situadas em declividades de até 8% de inclinação. Em relação aos solos, observou-se que 89% dos cafeeiros são cultivados sobre Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, de textura arenosa. The remote sensing and geoprocessing are important geotechnologies in support of the survey data of agriculture, enabling studies and understanding of environmental relations in which a particular culture is insert. The objective of this work was to relate the physical variables, such as altimetry, slope and soil type with the coffee agrosystems in Umuarama-PR through the geotechnologies. The image of the LANDSAT 5/TM (Thematic Mapper) dated in 02/07/2007 and the software SPRING 4.3.3 were used for the image processing. The bands 3, 4 and 5 of the sensor TM were restored, which resulted in images of 15m spatial resolution and, later, creating the RGB color composition, which was used to identify the coffee crops through visual interpretation. For the relief map study, the data of the SRTM mission were applied, which enabled us to know the altimetry and declivity of the region. The image of the TM sensor enabled the visual classification and the consequent identification of the coffee crops with high precision. As for the relief area, it was noticed that about 99% of the coffee fields are located between 380 and 480 meters of altitude and that 90% of them are located in declivity of up to 8% of inclination. About the soils, it was observed that 89% of the coffee fields are grown over distrofic Red Latosol, of sandy texture
Federal University of Lavras
Journals
2011 EN
Luís Augusto Coelho Pisco
In 2005, Portugal began a reform of Primary Health Care. This reform process through to April 2010 is described and analyzed. During this period the Mission for Primary Health Care was responsible for conducting a profound reconfiguration. The main objectives for this reform were to improve accessibility, efficiency, quality and continuity of care and increase the satisfaction of professionals and citizens. The main features are voluntary adhesion, teamwork, mandatory information system, performance-sensitive payment, contracting and evaluation. The reconfiguration of health centers was two pronged. First, there was the formation of small autonomous functional units, known as Family Health Units (USF) providing services with proximity and quality. The second measure involved the aggregation of resources and management structures, groups of health centers (ACES), seeking to achieve efficiency and economies of scale. The FHU proved to offer simultaneously more efficiency, accessibility, better working environment, greater citizen satisfaction, namely better quality. The importance of strong political support, the creation of a structure responsible for the design and implementation of reform and good liaison with the media are stressed.
Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva
Journals
2011 EN
Paulo Vicente Bonilha Almeida · Maria de Lurdes Zanolli
Brazil is developing a Family Health Program in the Primary Health Care. The Family Health Program's team composition has been criticized as insufficient. One of the criticisms has been about the absence of the pediatrician. This study analyzed the experience of the city of Campinas, São Paulo State, which implemented this program with adaptations specifically with the presence of the pediatrician in its 140 teams. Using qualitative methodology and semi-structured interviews, pediatricians and ten family physicians teams were interviewed. The objective was to know their visions about their practice with children's primary health care, the role of each one and about the pediatrician's presence in the team. It was almost an unanimity about the importance of the pediatrician's participation in Primary Health Care, not as a specialty, but because of the improvement of the team's resolubility. Though, the pediatrician's work was considered too focused in the biomedical paradigm and in the office. There is a need for the pediatrician to have more engagement with the psychosocial aspects, the family and territory. It is essential the improvement of the training of pediatricians and family physicians to deal with the complex mission of the primary health care of nowadays.
Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva
Journals
2011 SP
Manoel Antônio dos Santos · Elisabeth Meloni Vieira
Objetivou-se conhecer as organizações envolvidas no atendimento de mulheres em situação de violência, considerando a rede de agências e equipamentos sociais disponíveis. Utilizou-se abordagem qualitativa com entrevistas semiestruturadas a 11 representantes de instituições como: Polícia Militar, Delegacia de Defesa da Mulher, Conselho tutelar, juízes e promotores da Vara de Infância e Juventude, Vara Criminal e voluntários de duas ONGs. Pela análise de conteúdo, os resultados foram sistematizados em três categorias: missão da organização, limites da atuação e inserção no fluxo de atendimento - e apontaram que os entrevistados, de maneira geral, mostram-se sensibilizados e informados sobre a questão da violência contra a mulher (VCM). Os serviços não têm conhecimento da amplitude da rede de apoio e por isso atuam de modo desarticulado. Em consequência, o fluxo de atendimento pode ficar fragmentado e não permitir acompanhamento em todos os níveis. Os dados indicam necessidade de maior entrosamento e capacitação para profissionais.This study aims to learn about organizations which support women who live in a situation of violence, considering the network of available agencies and social equipments. The qualitative approach was used through semi-structured interviews conducted with 11 key informants from institutions such as the Military Police, Women's Police Station, the Guardianship Council, and others. The results were systematized using content analysis, which identified three categories: the organization's mission, the limits of interventions and insertion in the assistance flow. The results pointed out that, in general, the interviewees were sensitized and informed about the issue of violence against women. The services do not know about the magnitude of the community network and therefore they intervene without articulation with each other. As a consequence, assistance can be fragmented and it does not allow a follow-up in every level. Data indicate the need for better articulation and for professionals' qualification.El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer las organizaciones que acogen a mujeres en situación de violencia, teniendo en cuenta la red de agencias y equipamientos sociales disponibles. Se utilizó planteamiento cualitativo con entrevistas semi-estructuradas a 11 representantes de instituciones como Policía Militar, Comisaría de Defensa de la Mujer, consejo tutelar, jueces y promotores del Juzgado de Infancia y Juventud. Utilizando análisis de contenido, los resultados fueron sistematizados en tres categorías: misión de la organización, límites de actuación e inserción en el flujo de atención. Los resultados apuntan que los entrevistados se muestran sensibilizados e informados sobre la cuestión de la violencia contra la mujer. Los servicios no tienen conocimiento de la amplitud de la red de apoyo y por eso actúan de modo desarticulado. En consecuencia, el flujo de atención se puede fragmentar y no permitir el seguimiento en todos los niveles. Los datos indican necesidad de mayor interrelación y capacitación para profesionales.Fapesp e do CNP
Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (Unesp)
Resource
2011 EN
andrejacques neusy · bjorg palsdottir
In the fall of 2008, MEDICC Review published a roundtable discussion with six of eight deans representing schools of health sciences with a strong social accountability mandate, who had just founded a new collaborative: the Training for Health Equity Network (THEnet). The topic was the changing paradigm of medical education. MEDICC Review returns to hear their perspectives on how their schools contribute to universal coverage, the theme of this issue. An appropriate health workforce is a critical component of universal health coverage. Discussions until now have focused mostly on managing supply and demand. Yet, it has become increasingly clear that what is needed is a fundamental shift in approach: different types of health workers employed in different ways in different health systems to meet the needs of all. Because the traditional “ivory tower” model of medical education is failing to meet the health and social needs of the underserved, THEnet schools are pioneering innovative models to improve access to and quality of health services in disadvantaged communities. Through THEnet, voices of the underserved are being heard—challenging the policies, institutions, and orthodoxies that have systematically failed these populations. THEnet schools measure their success, not by how many graduates they produce or how many of their articles have been published, but by whether their graduates have the right competencies to meet the needs of their reference populations and whether a large proportion of them stay and work in regions where they are most needed. They also measure whether their research and services positively affect health policies and practice and improve health in vulnerable communities. Community engagement is hardwired into the schools’ activities, a cornerstone of their mission to impact health service provision and health workforce retention in disadvantaged areas. THEnet schools view the public as a vital component of the health system, and of any effort to expand health coverage. In their experience, communities can be mobilized and supported to take responsibility for their own health and promote health-seeking behavior, becoming partners in developing solutions to their health challenges. THEnet is scaling up its research and capacity development activities to examine the return on investment in communityengaged socially accountable education, and to better support schools through evidence-based strategies, peer learning environments, and practical tools. The aim is to demonstrate that health equity is a realistic and actionable goal for sustainable health workforce development.