Novel Situations of Endothelial Injury in Stroke — Mechanisms of Stroke and Strategy of Drug Development: Preface

Stroke causes 9% of all deaths worldwide and is the second most common cause of death after ischemic heart disease (1). Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel medications that are safe and effective for intercepting stroke and treating affected individuals. Endothelial injury is one key event, which leads to cerebral damage. Recently, it has been suggested that cerebral damage by cerebral vascular injury is not caused by the failure of barrier function of the endothelium, but by failure of neurovascular unit, including endothelium, glia cells, neurons and the like (2, 3). Accordingly, investigating the mechanisms of failure of the neurovascular unit should provide a guide for the development of novel medicines for stroke. At the 83rd Annual Meeting of The Japanese Pharmacological Society, Osaka, 16 – 18 March, 2010, we held a symposium to review issues associated with endothelial injury and the impact of endothelial injury on stroke. The mission was to find insights into the causes of stroke and identify appropriate strategies for drug development. The review articles appearing here were presented at this symposium. The aim of this JPS Forum Minireview series are to present recent findings on the mechanism of novel situations related to endothelial injury and stroke to suggest strategies for drug development. The present review series contain “Novel mechanism of the expression and amplification of cell surface–associated fibrinolytic activity demonstrated by real-time imaging analysis” by Y. Suzuki and T. Urano (4); “Intracranial bleeding associated with the treatment of ischemic stroke: thrombolytic treatment of ischemiaaffected endothelial cells with tissue-type plasminogen activator” by Y. Suzuki, N. Nagai, and K. Umemura (5); and “Protective effects of antiplatelet agents against stroke” by M. Shimazawa and H. Hara (6). We hope that this JSP Forum Minireview contributes to the development of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of endothelial injury and stroke.

Fungal Biota in Manned Space Environment and Impact on Human Health

It is important to promote microbiological research essential for long-term manned space activities under microgravity and in a completely closed environment in space craft in relation to long-duration space expeditions on the International Space Station (ISS) or to the moon and Mars in the future. Environmental monitoring data from the space shuttle, the Mir, and the ISS have already shown that microorganisms isolated from air and on inner surfaces of space craft were generally carried by crew members. The Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) "KIBO" was attached to the ISS and started its operation from 2008. It is an invaluable opportunity to begin the survey of the transition of microbiota, particularly fungal biota, in JEM from "brand-new" to "well-used" condition at various periods. Therefore, we are preparing the on-board analyzing systems for microbiota in air and on inner surfaces of ISS/JEM and normal microbiota of the astronauts themselves. In this paper, we introduce the current status and future plans on fungal research on ISS/JEM to protect flight crew members and flight hardware from potentially hazardous microorganisms from the environmental and biomedical aspects of Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA).

超越时代：奥尔特加●加塞特的高等教育思想——基于《大学的使命》<br>Interpretation of Ortega Y. Gasset’ Higher Education Idea—Understanding Based on “Mission of the University”

THE AIMS OF EMPLOYABILITY AND SOCIAL INCLUSION / ACTIVE CITIZENSHIP IN LIFELONG LEARNING POLICIES IN GREECE

The argument of this article is that during the last two decades or so, in lifelong learning policies in Greece, priority was given to the confrontation of social exclusion that stems from unemployment and, thus, to the achievement of the aims of employability and social inclusion. EU funding and the relatively centralised character of the regulated part of adult/continuing education in Greece favoured the expansion of training programmes for the unemployed. As in the 1990s, so in the 2000s, the Greek State supported continuing vocational training which, however, was widely privatised. Thus, privatisation and the absence of coherent measures that would link education with employment, posed questions as to the fulfilment of the mission of fighting unemployment and consequently, social exclusion. At the same time, the fact that policies gave less importance to general adult education, posed challenges for adult education in Greece to meet all of its aims, which apart from employability include realisable social inclusion, active citizenship and personal development.

Medical Relief Activities, Medical Resourcing, and Inpatient Evacuation Conducted by Nippon Medical School due to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident Following the Great East Japan Earthquake 2011

On March 11, 2011, after the Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami, the government declared a nuclear emergency following damage to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. A second hydrogen explosion occurred on March 14 at the plant's No. 3 reactor and injured 11 people. At that time the prime minister urged people living 20 to 30 km from the Daiichi plant to stay indoors. Under these circumstances, many residents of Iwaki City, which was largely outside the 30-km zone, left the city, making it difficult to get supplies to the remaining residents. The only transportation route open for supplies and medical resources was roads, and many drivers feared the rumor that the city was contaminated by radioactive materials and, so, refused to go there. Nippon Medical School (NMS) heard that medical resources were running short at Iwaki Kyoritsu Hospital, which requested water, medications, food, fuel (gasoline), medical support, and the evacuation of 300 inpatients. As a first step, NMS decided to evaluate the situation at the hospital and, on March 16, the director of the NMS Advanced Emergency Center visited the hospital and helped provide triage for about 200 patients. Critically ill patients receiving ventilatory support were given priority for evacuation because they would be most at risk of not being able to evacuate should the Japanese government order an immediate evacuation of the city. We tried to evacuate the inpatients via an official framework, such as the Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT), but DMAT could not support this mission because this hospital was not within the 30-km evacuation zone. Moreover, the Iwaki City government could not support the evacuation efforts because they were fearful of the rumor that Iwaki was contaminated by radioactive material. Ultimately, we realized that we had to conduct the mission ourselves and, so, contacted our colleagues in the Tokyo metropolitan area to prepare enough hospital beds. We evacuated 15 patients to 8 hospitals over a 5-day period. As a result, we could reduce the number of patients at Iwaki Kyoritsu Hospital, and, thereby, the collapse of medical services in the city was avoided. In retrospect, someone might say the government--either central or local--should ideally have carried out this mission and created a system by which to do it. At the same time, however, to overcome any future bureaucratic issues, we should also prepare private networks, such as those used by NMS, because they can respond flexibly to unexpected large-scale disasters.

Onsite Medical Rounds and Fact-finding Activities Conducted by Nippon Medical School in Miyagi Prefecture after the Great East Japan Earthquake 2011

This report describes our onsite medical rounds and fact-finding activities conducted in the acute phase and medical relief work conducted in the subacute phase in Miyagi prefecture following the Great East Japan Earthquake and subsequent tsunami that occurred off northeastern Honshu on March 11, 2011. As part of the All-Japan Hospital Association medical team deployed to the disaster area, a Nippon Medical School team conducted fact-finding and onsite medical rounds and evaluated basic life and medical needs in the affected areas of Shiogama and Tagajo. We performed triage for more than 2,000 casualties, but in our medical rounds of hospitals, clinics, and nursing homes, we found no severely injured person but did find 1 case of hyperglycemia. We conducted medical rounds at evacuation shelters in Kesennuma City during the subacute phase of the disaster, from March 17 through June 1, as part of the Tokyo Medical Association medical teams deployed. Sixty-seven staff members (17 teams), including 46 physicians, 11 nurses, 3 pharmacists, and 1 clinical psychotherapist, joined this mission. Most patients complained of a worsening of symptoms of preexisting conditions, such as hypertension, respiratory problems, and diabetes, rather than of medical problems specifically related to the tsunami. In the acute phase of the disaster, the information infrastructure was decimated and we could not obtain enough information about conditions in the affected areas, such as how many persons were severely injured, how severely lifeline services had been damaged, and what was lacking. To start obtaining this information, we conducted medical rounds. This proved to be a good decision, as we found many injured persons in evacuation shelters without medication, communication devices, or transportation. Also, basic necessities for life, such as water and food, were lacking. We were able to evaluate these basic needs and inform local disaster headquarters of them. In Kesennuma City, we found that some evacuation shelters could not contact others even after 1 week after the earthquake. We realized from our experiences that, unlike our activities following more localized earthquake disasters, the first task following such large-scale disasters is to acquire information on basic life needs, including medication needs, and the number of persons requiring assistance. We must provide medical relief according to the unique characteristics of the disaster-affected areas as well as the specific nature of the disaster, in this case, a tsunami.

The Mission to Control Plural Doctor Helicopters at Fukushima Medical University Hospital for the 2011 of the Great East Japan Earthquake

2011 年 3 月 11 日,筆者は日本医大千葉北総ドク ターヘリにて市川市で発生した交通外傷症例対応に従 事していた.都内医療機関への搬送を決定し,傷病者 のヘリ移送を開始した 14 時 46 分,現場震度 5弱の地 震が発生した.臨時ヘリポートとして使用した河川敷 は波打ち,搬送予定であった医療機関は停電に伴いエ レベーターが使用不可で搬入不能となったため,われ われは北総病院へ傷病者とともに帰還することを決定 した. 帰還途中の上空から,千葉県内各所からの黒煙およ び学校グラウンドに避難する生徒らを認めた.県内各 所の災害事象が想定され無線にて当院へ傷病者状況を 伝えるとともに,DMAT出動の可能性が高いことを 伝えた. 15 時 15 分当院帰還後,院内の災害対策本部立ち上 げに従事するとともに,メディアなどより震源地や震 度などの情報と,岩手,宮城,福島県で津波被害が甚 大であることを把握した. 県内で差し迫ったドクターヘリの需要なく,県と相 談を経て北総DMATを,DMAT参集拠点病院であ る福島県立医大へ派遣することを決定した.日中のド クターヘリミッション終了後の 18 時 35 分離陸,19 時 55 分福島県立医科大学に到着した.福島県立医大 のDMAT本部立ち上げに従事後,ドクターヘリ統制 本部の立ち上げを開始した.

Kształcenie i wychowanie w szkołach powiatowych misjonarzy prowincji litewskiej na przełomie XVIII i XIX wieku

Education et formation dans les ecoles regionalesde la Congregation de la Mission en XVIIIe/XIXe siecles Resume L’article intitule “Education et formation dans les ecoles regionales de la Congregationde la Mission en XVIIIe/ XIXe siecles” est la continuation de mes recherchessur l’histoire de la Congregation de la Mission de St. Vincent de Paul sur le territoirede la Pologne du XVIIe au XIXe siecle. J’y presente l’histoire des ecoles regionalesdes missionnaires a Kraslaw, Łyskow et Illukszta. L’analyse englobe une liste d’enseignantsdans chaque etablissement, completee par la description des curricula etdes manuels utilises pour le polonais, le latin, l’allemand, l’histoire, la geographie,l’algebre, l’arithmetique, la botanique et le jardinage.L’article est base sur les materiaux des Archives de la Congregation de la Missionde Stradom, de la Bibliotheque de l’Academie Polonaise des Sciences a Cracovie,ainsi que sur d’autres ouvrages traitant de ce sujet.

Observance and development of salient quality overprint for tablecloths embroidery with use of RFID technology

Mission of this paper is to enable those interested in observance and development quality embroidery typical of the region use with RFID technologies for designing, implementing and providing overprint for tablecloths embroidery. The starting point is present situation and method of observance and development of overprint embroidery. The solution is in scanning of patterns and their saving into database of industrial patterns with implemented RFID tag. This will allow indentifying, evaluating and using overprint for tablecloths embroidery. RFID technology can be applied for observance and development of salient quality any products of individual, organizations and their protected pattern and support creative and innovative acting of individuals and organizations in region. The paper is intended especially for specialists, who are interested in issue observance salient quality in sense of cultural heritage of regions. The paper has been compiled in connection with resolving project KEGA 3/6411/08 Transformation of the already existing study programme Management of production quality to a university-wide bilingual study programme.

2010 M&SOM Meritorious Service Award

Manufacturing & Service Operations Management (M&SOM) depends on the volunteer work of many professionals who take the time to provide careful and constructive reviews of the manuscripts submitted to the journal. In fact, in 2010 M&SOM received 581 reviews from 363 individuals. Remarkably, 61% of those reviews were submitted on or before their due date, a figure that increases to 69% if you allow a one-day grace period. Due in large part to the responsiveness of our reviewers, M&SOM made 96% of its 391 manuscript decisions for 2010 regular submissions and revisions within 75 days and 100% within 90 days. While we deeply appreciate all those who served as reviewers for the journal in 2010, some individuals have distinguished themselves by reviewing several manuscripts and with each manuscript by writing a fair, critical, and constructive review in a timely fashion. In recognition of their outstanding service provided to support the journal's scholarly mission, M&SOM grants the 2010 Meritorious Service Award to....