CO2-system development in young sea ice and CO2 gas exchange at the ice/air interface mediated by brine and frost flowers in Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen

In March and April 2010, we investigated the development of young landfast sea ice in Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen, Svalbard. We sampled the vertical column, including sea ice, brine, frost flowers and sea water, to determine the CO2 system, nutrients, salinity and bacterial and ice algae production during a 13 day interval of ice growth. Apart from the changes due to salinity and brine rejection, the sea-ice concentrations of total inorganic carbon (C T), total alkalinity (A T), CO2 and carbonate ions (CO3 2–) in melted ice were influenced by dissolution of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitates (25–55 μmol kg-1) and played the largest role in the changes to the CO2 system. The C T values were also influenced by CO2 gas flux, bacterial carbon production and primary production, which had a small impact on the C T. The only exception was the uppermost ice layer. In the top 0.05 m of the ice, there was a CO2 loss of ∼20 μmol kg-1 melted ice (1 mmol m-2) from the ice to the atmosphere. Frost flowers on newly formed sea ice were important in promoting ice-air CO2 gas flux, causing a CO2 loss to the atmosphere of 140-800 μmol kg--1 d-1 melted frost flowers (7-40 mmol m-2 d–1).

Health facility guidelines and management benchmarks: Improving workplace health services and health management in factories, farms and other workplaces in low- and middle-income countries

Vehicle collisions with wild fauna on the two roads that pass through the Montes de María, Sucre, Colombia

The present study aimed to identify and quantify the wild fauna that is struck by vehicles on the two principal roads that run through the Montes de Maria in the department of Sucre, Colombia. This study addressed some of the environmental problems that are affecting the dry tropical forest area that is still found in this Caribbean zone of Colombia. Between October of 2011 and March of 2012, encompassing the dry and the rainy seasons, on the roads between Sincelejo - San Onofre and between Sincelejo - Ovejas, 608 vehicle-struck or "road-kill" specimens were collected, which were identified to the extent possible (order, family, genus, species). A Fisher test and analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. The vehicle-struck fauna were found on the principal roads that run through the Montes de Maria in the department of Sucre in this study and had notable representation from the following: amphibians ( Rhinella marina, Leptodactylus bolivianus, Scinax sp.); reptiles ( Leptodeira septentrionalis, Pseudoboa neuwiedii , Epicrates cenchria, Oxyrhopus petola, iguana iguana, Kinosternon scorpioides, Trachemys callisrostris ); and mammals ( Didelphis marsupialis, Tamandua mexicana, Cerdocyon thous ), with a total of 253, 219 and 111 specimens, respectively. The dry season had more vehicle-struck specimens, with a high percentage seen on both roads, which may have been related to the scarcity of food in this season, forcing the animals to travel longer distances and cross the roads. Key words: Collisions, native fauna, dry forest, Caribbean, Sucre.

A Conceptual Framework to Enable the Changes Required for a One-Planet Future

We conceptualise a framework that incorporates psychological and non-psychological factors influencing pro-environmental behaviour. We conducted qualitative investigations in five sectors in South Africa, where individuals and groups are dealing with significant environmental issues, including climate change, biodiversity loss and land-use change. We found three fundamental elements necessary for behavioural change to be realised: awareness (A) is defined as an understanding that society and earth systems are connected; motivation (M) involves the personal and operational drivers that encourage an individual or organisation to respond to new levels of awareness; and pathways (P) recognise the practical solutions and opportunities that facilitate actual change. AMP was built up from thirty-eight variables that cut across between three and five of the case studies, which were further grouped into fourteen categories. The inter-connectedness of AMP suggests that for pro-environmental behaviour to occur, attention cannot be focused on satisfying one of the elements in isolation. This is the first attempt to integrate theory from social psychology, sociology, organisational theory and management in a conceptual framework for pro-environmental behaviour. The AMP framework is useful for supporting practitioners or change-agents designing environmental sustainability initiatives.No Full Tex

David Hume e Karl Popper: relexões sobre indução e dedução

Procuraremos neste artigo revisitar a compreensão do filósofo escocês, David Hume acerca da noção de causalidade, partindo dos textos Investigação acerca do Entendimento Humano, Tratado da Natureza Humana, e os Diálogos sobre a religião natural. Em seguida se apresenta uma exposição e análise do que Karl Popper denomina “problema de Hume” e a metodologia da falseabilidade de teorias científicas por ele proposta em Conhecimento Objetivo, Conjecturas e Refutações, Lógica da Pesquisa Científica.

Bio-Identical Hormones Utilized for Treating Menopausal Symptoms

The use of compounded bioidentical hormones in the various forms of gels, creams, and troches has increased in popularity. The population of menopausal women is at a crossroads with the cascade of symptoms and determining what are their options. The Endocrine Society, the Food and Drug Administration, and the National Menopause Society do not support the use of bioidentical hormones, despite the support for bioidentical hormone replacement therapy (BHRT) by the American Academy for Anti-Aging Medicine and other proponents for BHRT. The literature review reveals the need for studies documenting the safety of BHRT. The objective for this study was to conduct a retrospective chart review for the incidence of adverse outcomes specific to osteoporosis, breast cancer incidence, and cardiovascular disease in menopausal women utilizing BHRT. BIOIDENTICAL HORMONE SAFETY 5

Clarifying the Role of Social Support in the Relationship between Stressors and Strains at Work

Registration of ‘Sugg’ Peanut

‘Sugg’ (Reg. No. CV‐125, PI 666112) is a large‐seeded virginia‐type peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea ) cultivar with partial resistance to four diseases that occur commonly in the Virginia–Carolina production area: early leafspot caused by Cercospora arachidicola S. Hori, Cylindrocladium black rot caused by Cylindrocladium parasiticum Crous, Wingfield & Alfenas, Sclerotinia blight caused by Sclerotinia minor Jagger, and tomato spotted wilt caused by the Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus . Sugg was developed as part of a program of selection for multiple disease resistance funded by growers, seed dealers, shellers, and processors. Sugg was tested under the experimental designation N03091T and released by the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service (NCARS) in 2009. Sugg was tested by the NCARS, the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, and five other state agricultural experiment stations and the USDA–ARS units participating in the Uniform Peanut Performance Tests. Sugg has alternate branching pattern, intermediate runner growth habit, medium green foliage, and high contents of fancy pods and medium virginia‐type seeds. It has seeds with pink testa averaging 957 mg seed −1 , approximately 40% jumbo and 46% fancy pods, and extra‐large kernel content of ∼47%. Sugg is named in honor of Norfleet “Fleet” Sugg and the late Joseph “Joe” Sugg, cousins who served consecutively as executive directors of the North Carolina Peanut Growers Association from 1966 through 1993.

hepar image anatomical information, HU score, bolus tracking technique.

Background: The appropriate adjustment of HU score on bolus tracking image will give us the same time between duration of scan and duration of injecting contrast media. The optimal contrast enhancement will give the optimal information of anatomical and patological image of organ. This research aims to determine the quality of hepar image anatomy based on the variety of HU score and find out the optimal score that can provide anatomical information image of the liver. Methods: This research was a quantitative research with an experimental approach. Subjects of this study were five patients for every single variation of three HU scores variation (100 HU, 150 HU, and 200 HU). This study was conducted in dr. Kanudjoso Jatiwibowo Balikpapan Hospital on May to June 2016. The sample was taken by purposive sampling technique, because it was not done on whole of population but only focused on certain targets. Parameters used were flow rate, pressure, concentration of the contrast media and patient’s physiology . The assesment of the liver arterial phase was done by three radiology physician using checklist to determine the quality of hepar image anatomical information. Data analyzed by non-parametric statistical test of Kruskal-Wallis test with SPSS 16 version. Results : Quality of hepar anatomical information was based on the HU score variations. The statistical test score was <0.01 that means that Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted, significant differences between the quality of anatomical information of hepar image with the variety of HU score on tracking bolus technique. Conclusion: The optimal score which can provide better quality of hepar image anatomical information was on 200 HU.

Red Deer as Maintenance Host for Bovine Tuberculosis, Alpine Region

To estimate the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in the Alpine region, we studied the epidemiology of Mycobacterium caprae in wildlife during the 2009-2012 hunting seasons. Free-ranging red deer (Cervus elaphus) were a maintenance host in a hot-spot area, mainly located in Austria.