Journals
2015 EN
Christine A. Parker · Eugenii A. Rabiner · Roger N. Gunn
+9 more
Antagonism of 5-hydroxytrypamine-6 (5HT6) receptors is associated with procognitive effects in preclinical species, suggesting a therapeutic potential for this mechanism in Alzheimer disease (AD) and other cognitive diseases. In a phase 2 dose study, SB742457, a novel 5HT6 antagonist, showed increasing procognitive effects in patients with AD as the dose increased, with a procognitive signal in AD patients at a dose of 35 mg/d superior to the other doses tested (5 and 15 mg/d).
Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
Journals
2015 EN
Elena Incerti · Andrei Fodor · Paola Mapelli
+8 more
PET/CT is a valuable tool to detect lymph node (LN) metastases in patients with biochemical failure after primary treatment for prostate cancer (PCa). The aim was to assess the predictive role of imaging parameters derived by (11)C-choline PET/CT on survival outcomes-overall survival, locoregional relapse-free survival, clinical relapse-free survival (cRFS), and biochemical relapse-free survival (bRFS)-in patients treated with helical tomotherapy (HTT) for LN recurrence.
Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
Journals
2015 EN
Emmanuel Porcheron · Pascal Lemaître · Jeroen van Beeck
+4 more
International audienceThe objective of this article is to present the development and the validation in flight of an airborne probe that can measure in clouds the size of droplets whose diameters are in the range [20 µm; 200 µm]
Journals
2015 EN
G. Bianco · Maria Antonietta Ferrara · Fabio Borbone
+3 more
In this paper, Volume Holographic Optical Elements (V-HOEs), such as holographic gratings and spherical lenses, are designed and fabricated by using a prototype of photopolymer. The recording process of V-HOEs and their appropriate characterization are described. Moreover, V-HOEs possible applications as solar concentrator are investigated and results are discussed. Finally, a system that allows passive solar tracking is proposed and preliminary results are reported.
Journals
2015 EN
Månsson Johan · Roberge JeanMichel · Edenius Lars
+5 more
A key challenge for wildlife management is to handle competing goals. High ungulate densities may be desirable from hunting and recreational perspectives, but may come in conflict with needs to limit or reduce browsing damage. Since browsing intensity is negatively related to forage availability it may be possible to mitigate damage on forest by increasing forage availability within the landscape. A commonly used method to increase the attractiveness of a localized part of the landscape is to establish food plots. In a multiyear setup using enclosures, wildlife observations, field surveys, and controlled biomass removal, we studied food plots to document forage production, utilization by ungulates, and browsing on adjacent forests in southern Sweden. The fenced parts of the food plots produced on average 2230 to 5810 kg ha ‐1 marrow‐stem kale, second‐year clover mix or early‐sown rapeseed. The biomass of target crops was generally higher within ungrazed (exclosures) compared to grazed (controls) quadrats on the food plots, which demonstrates that the crops were used as forage by ungulates. Browsing on deciduous trees in the adjacent forest was higher within 70–135 m from the food plots compared to areas further away. For wildlife management, our study shows that establishment of food plots provides substantial amounts of forage both during growing season and at the onset of the dormant season, and that a large share of this food is consumed. Finally, our study documents that forage availability for ungulates at the onset of the often‐limiting dormant season can be increased by fencing food plots throughout the growing season.
Nordic Board for Wildlife Research
Journals
2015 EN
SjölanderLindqvist Annelie · Johansson Maria · Sandström Camilla
Overseeing the continued recovery, dispersal and management of large carnivore populations while simultaneously considering human viability and welfare requires delicately balancing local concerns for rural communities' livelihood prospects and property vulnerability with international concerns for saving threatened species. In this article, we propose an integrated analytical perspective to elucidate how competing interests and power relationships influence the governance and management of contested wildlife resources. However, simply identifying these patterns is not enough. It is also imperative that the interrelationships between broader biophysical, social, political, economic, and cultural contexts and histories be explored in order to describe, analyze and better understand how and why individual and collective responses vary. In doing this, we drew from findings from a variety of social science disciplines (environmental communication, environmental psychology, human ecology, human geography, political science, public administration and social anthropology) and, here, present how social science approaches can enhance understanding of the different layers and contexts of contested natural resource management. Highlighting the individual, socio‐cultural, political and institutional dimensions, the article concludes by identifying five recurrent concepts that must be understood and consciously applied to large carnivore governance and management: 1) establishment of trust between people and groups interacting on the subject; 2) fair representation of stakeholder interests; 3) acknowledgement of the different knowledge‐spheres, including those based on personal experiences, culture and tradition, and science; 4) communication, based on dialogue about pluralistic perspectives, to collectively formulate and agree on set goals; and 5) leadership emphasising empowerment.
Nordic Board for Wildlife Research
Journals
2015 EN
Andrade Melo Éverton Renan · Gadelha José Ramon · Nazaré Domingos da Silva Maria
+2 more
A variety of Amazonian mammals serve as sources of food for its human inhabitants, but hunting can have a strong negative impact on them. Diversity, abundance, biomass, and average group size of medium‐sized and large mammals are compared across two forest areas of the northern Amazon: the Viruá National Park (protected) and the Novo Paraíso settlement (a human settlement where hunting is permitted). Hunting pressure was also characterized in Novo Paraíso. A total of 33 mammal species were recorded. There were no significant differences in the sighting rates, relative abundance and biomass, and mammal group sizes between the two areas, although the totals of all these variables were higher in Viruá due to the higher abundance of Tayassu pecari , which was not recorded at Novo Paraíso. It is suggested that T. pecari may be on the verge of local extinction, as it was the most hunted species in the settlement area. Through interviews with 50 hunters, we estimate that 541 mammals of 20 species were hunted during the study year, resulting in an estimated biomass take of 8517 kg. While the hunting intensity in Novo Paraíso may be sustainable in the short term, the reported decline of hunting efficiency, combined with the extirpation of T. pecari , suggests that mammal abundance may decline there in the near future. In the study year, 849 hunts were carried out in a hunting effort of 4575 hours, with a maximum distance travelled of 5.4 km. There was an average of 4.82 consumers for each hunt, and a per capita harvest rate of 2.24 individuals/consumer year. Hunting was not only for subsistence, but also for retaliation, although some species may not be hunted due to cultural taboos. The need for quantification of harvesting rates to maintain hunting at sustainable levels is highlighted.
Nordic Board for Wildlife Research
Journals
2015 EN
Sandström Camilla · Johansson Maria · SjölanderLindqvist Annelie
C. Sandstrom ([email protected]), Dept of Political Science, Umea University, SE-901 87 Umea, Sweden. – M. Johansson, Environmental Psychology, Dept of Architecture and Built Environment, Lund University, PO Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden. – A. Sjolander Lindqvist, School of Global Studies, Univ. of Gothenburg, Box 700, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden, and: Gothenburg Research Inst. (GRI), Univ. of Gothenburg, Box 100, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
Nordic Board for Wildlife Research
Journals
2015 EN
Frank Jens · Johansson Maria · Flykt Anders
Previous research on human fear of large carnivores has mainly been based on self‐reports in which individual survey items and the objects of fear are measured, so whether a person fears attacks on humans or livestock and pets has not been identified. The objectives of this study were to differentiate between the objects of fear as well as capturing attitudes towards implementation of management actions and the potential for conflict index (PCI). These concern the implementation of a limited number of management actions currently used or discussed in Sweden that are aimed at reducing human fear of brown bears/wolves. 391 persons living in areas with either brown bear (n = 198) or wolf (n = 193) in Sweden responded to a questionnaire. The degree of self‐reported fear varied between residents in brown bear areas and residents in wolf areas. The fear of attacks on livestock and pets was stronger than fear of attacks on humans in both brown bear and wolf areas. In brown bear areas, fear was strongest for livestock, while in wolf areas fear was strongest for pets. The fear of attacks on livestock and pets was significantly stronger in wolf areas, while the fear of attacks on humans was strongest in brown bear areas. In both brown bear and wolf areas, there was little acceptance of implementation of management actions that would allow people to carry pepper spray or a gun outdoors. Management actions aimed at setting a population cap for bear/wolf populations, information on how to act when encountering a bear/wolf, and providing information on local presence of bear/wolf had relatively high acceptability. This was especially true for respondents expressing high fear of attacks on humans.
Nordic Board for Wildlife Research
Conference Proceedings
2015 EN
Maria Beatriz Colucci · Annunziata Palermo · Mauro Francini
Up to now, a large part of the debate and the initiatives involving rural areas have still tended to concentrate on activities orientated to markets (qualification of the productions, valorisation of the system of services to tourism, interventions on the valorisation of cultural resources), leaving the support actions regarding social capital and human resources in the background. The renewed centrality of the rural nature of local development directions needs careful reflection on the significance of the support actions and policies of these areas. The material resources (the products, services, high quality manufactured goods) and immaterial resources (local culture, traditions, lifestyles) present in rural areas are an integral part of the values around which the development actions of these territories, and not only these, must absolutely revolve. For this reason, rural area support policies must provide for, besides the support of productive activities, interventions on the available social capital, favouring its continuity and renewal. Investment in human resources assumes, therefore, renewed significance for the promotion of the rural character, laying the bases, for a re-qualification action, which has now become indispensable.