Resource
2015 EN
Rachel Bardy Prado · Elaine Cristina Cardoso Fidalgo · Joice Nunes Ferreira
+11 more
Pressoes antropicas sobre os ecossistemas causam degradacao dos recursos naturais e reducao da biodiversidade, com reflexos ao bem estar humano, demandando de forma crescente agua, ar, fibras, alimentos, energia e materia-prima. Em um cenario de alteracoes climaticas, portanto, a preocupacao com este tema aponta para a compatibilizacao dos componentes economicos, sociais e ambientais. Muitos foram os dados obtidos por instituicoes de pesquisa, ensino, governamentais e nao governamentais acerca dos recursos naturais nas ultimas decadas nos biomas brasileiros, mas sem um foco conceitual e metodologico voltado aos servicos ecossistemicos. A partir da Avaliacao Ecossistemica do Milenio estao em ascensao pesquisas voltadas ao entendimento dos servicos ecossistemicos e ambientais mundialmente, assim como no Brasil. A Embrapa tambem tem acompanhado esta tendencia e desde 2014 conta com uma rede de pesquisa intitulada Arranjo em Servicos Ambientais na Paisagem Rural, com mais de 60 projetos vinculados. O proposito do presente artigo e apresentar o estado da arte da pesquisa sobre servicos ecossistemicos e ambientais relacionados a agropecuaria no Brasil, com destaque para o trabalho dessa rede; identificar as suas principais oportunidades e desafios e os resultados potenciais a serem obtidos para a ampliacao dos servicos ambientais no meio rural. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR JA X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";} Human pressures have caused degradation of natural resources and reduction of biodiversity on the planet, with serious consequences to humanity, which demands so increasing water, air, fibers, food, energy and raw material. It is needed to reconcile economic, social and environmental components in a scenario of climate change. Therefore, concern about this issue increases in all sectors of society. Many data were obtained about natural resources in recent decades in the Brazilian biomes, by research institutions, education, government and non-government, but without a conceptual and methodological focus turned to ecosystem services. From the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment researches aiming at understanding ecosystem and environmental services have been increased worldwide, as well as in Brazil. Embrapa has also followed this trend and in 2014 approved a Projects Arrangement entitled Environmental Services in Rural landscape with over 60 related projects. The purpose of this article is to present the state of the art of researches on ecosystem and environmental services related to agriculture in Brazil, especially at Embrapa SE network; to identify key opportunities and challenges of a research network on this subject and the potential results to be obtained for the expansion of environmental services in rural areas. Keywords: ecosystem studies, decision support tools, research network, ES projects arrangement.
Resource
2015 PO
Maria Verônica de Andrade · Pedro Vieira de Azevedo
Os recursos minerais sao fundamentais nos dias atuais, alem de gerar emprego e renda, faz parte do nosso cotidiano atraves da imensa variedade de produtos. O uso consciente dos recursos minerais considera sua importância para o desenvolvimento economico da regiao e busca reduzir os impactos ambientais. O municipio de Junco do Serido se destaca pela diversidade mineral, d entre eles, o caulim, o qual e beneficiamento e extraido pelas pequenas mineradoras. Com o objetivo de mensurar a sustentabilidade, surgiram os indicadores, os quais buscam agregar e quantificar as informacoes, a exemplo do Pressao-Estado-Impacto-Resposta – PEIR. O trabalho em questao tem como proposta analisar a sustentabilidade da mineracao do caulim no municipio de Junco do Serido, aferida atraves da do indicador de sustentabilidade, o modelo PEIR. Assim, os indicadores que possuem maior influencia sao: pressao - a abertura de vias de acessos a reserva mineral, a extracao do caulim, a producao e disposicao do rejeito e a emissao de poeira; estado - a localidade apresenta altas temperaturas, precipitacao abaixo da media, solos rasos, arenosos, pedregosos, pobres em materia orgânica e com um processo erosivo intenso, alem da escassez hidrica que assola a regiao; impactos - mais presentes a emissao de poeira, prejuizo a flora e a oferta de emprego; resposta - se destaca a a bertura das vias de acesso interno, o reaproveitamento do rejeito do caulim, apenas uma unidade; e a certificacao ambiental, de acordo com os orgaos competentes todas possui alguma irregularidade. Portanto, foi possivel compreender a atual situacao dessa atividade. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
Journals
2015 EN
Viviane Macedo Reis Araújo · Gabriela von Rückert · Maria Ângela de Barros Correia Menezes
+2 more
Ipatinga (IPA) and Coronel Fabriciano (FAB) cities are located in Vale do Aço, a metropolitan area and the largest industrial area in Minas Gerais state, where there are two steel mills and one pulp mill, as well as other micro and small factories. Due to industrialization, population growth, technological development and intense vehicle traffic in the region, the air pollution has been increasing. Air pollution can result in public health problems, thus it is necessary to quantify the particulate matter concentration and the toxic metals and trace elements associated in this region. This study evaluated the concentration of the total suspended particles (TSP), inhalable particles with aerodynamic size up to 10 μm (PM10) by HI-VOL manual samplers in IPA and FAB, from May to November 2010. Metals and trace elements were determined in the PM10 and TSP samples. Neutron Activation Analysis, k0-method,was applied and determined the elements As, Br, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Hf, La, Sb, Sc, Sr, Th, K, Zn, Zr; Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, Al, Ca, Cu, Cd, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, Ti, Zn, and Flame Emission Photometry, Na. The air quality was assessed based on the concentrations of TSP and PM10 according to CONAMA Resolution 03/1990 and elements by the standards of the World Health Organization (WHO). It was observed that in the FAB concentration of TSP and PM10 mainly performed with greater variation and reached the upper limit established by CONAMA figures most often compared to the point in IPA. Air quality is generally presented GOOD for TSP and MP10 in both sampling sites. The Sn, Ca, Fe, Pb, elements Na, K, Zn and Al in TSP and PM10 in both counties were the most abundant. Fe and Sn were above the limit set by the WHO standard, as well as Cr, Pb and As The highest concentrations of TSP, PM10 and elements were observed during the dry and cold months.The high concentration results of Fe and Sn suggested that the sources of emissions were hematite transport and steel mill. It was found a strong correlation between elements concentrations and the steel factory activities and the vehicle traffic in this region.
São Paulo State University
Journals
2015 EN
Ivonete Oliveira Barcellos · Thyego De Lima · Ana Maria Blosfeld
This study evaluated a continuous flow system using rice husk ash as an adsorbent to treat textile bath dyeing residual. The system consisted in recirculating the effluent in a burette containing the adsorbent. This procedure was performed in five cycles of reuse of the adsorbent. Chemical Oxygen Demand and color were determined by the estimate of the adsorbent’s efficiency as a function of time by comparing the cycles of reuse bath dying residual, raw wastewater and wastewater treated with ashes. The maximum efficiency obtained was 91% in the 1st cycle. However, in the 5th cycle the efficiency adsorbent was near 46%.
São Paulo State University
Journals
2015 EN
Patrícia Bueno · Maria Esther Sbampato · José Wilson Neri
+4 more
The rare earth elements have been creating a large interest due to their applications in several areas of science and technology. This paper presents some spectra obtained by the optogalvanic spectroscopy technique with an erbium hollow cathode lamp, in order to gather information about the atom, necessary for the isotope separation.
São Paulo State University
Journals
2015 EN
Haroldo Da Silva Ripardo Filho · Luidi Cardoso Pacheco · Edinaldo S. Andrade
+6 more
This study aimed establish the variations in the phytotoxic activity of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Moutabea guianensis, and methyl caffeate and scopoletin isolated from the ethyl acetate extract, variyng the concentration and the receptor species. Phytotoxic activity bioassays of germination (at 25 °C and 12 hours of photoperiod) and development of radicle and hypocotyl (25 °C and 24 hours of photoperiod) were developed. The seed germination of Mimosa pudica was sensitive to the roots hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts at 1% (w/v), with inhibition potentials in 92%, 100% and 100%, respectively. Comparative analysis on the phytotoxic activity of the tested compounds revealed that scopoletin showed a higher inhibition potential on the seed germination bioassay against Mimosa pudica. Senna obtusifolia was not sensitive to the tested compounds. Methyl caffeate showed the highest potential to inhibit the development of radicle and hypocotyls, and the intensity of the allelopathic effects varied with the concentrations.
São Paulo State University
Journals
2015 EN
Francesco Sciuto · Antonietta Rosso
Living and dead deep-water ostracods from different sites and habitats of the Cold Water Coral Province off Santa Maria di Leuca have been investigated. A total of 42 ostracod taxa were determined, 34 of which at species level and 8 at genus level. The living associations comprise only two species: Bairdoppilata conformis and Bythocypris obtusata. The same species form dead associations together with Henryhowella ex H. hirta group, Macropyxis adriatica, Bythocypris bosquetiana, Pseudocythere caudata, Bathycythere vanstraateni and Cytheropteron testudo. The analysis of dead assemblages, which includes species such as Bathycythere vanstraateni, Cytheropteron testudo, and Bythocythere mylaensis taxa no longer thriving in the Recent Mediterranean Sea allowed us to determine that an old component of the ostracod assemblages of the “Santa Maria di Leuca Cold Water Coral Province” seemingly lived during the last cold period of the Late Pleistocene or its transition to the Holocene. Furthermore, the high species richness and specimen abundance, recorded in some samples, might be related to a local increase in the availability of trophic resources at the bottom surface related to the general circulation and to the presence of deep coral bioconstructions. The presence of a few carapaces of species with shallower distributions seems related to post mortem displacement events. Francesco Sciuto. University of Catania. Palaeoecological Research Group. Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Corso Italia, 57. 95129 Catania. [email protected] Antonietta Rosso. University of Catania. Palaeoecological Research Group. Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Corso Italia, 57. 95129 [email protected]
Journals
2015 EN
Sarita Camacho · Delminda Moura · Simon Connor
+2 more
This study analyses the taxonomy, ecology and biogeography of the species of benthic foraminifera living on the intertidal margins of the Guadiana Estuary (SE Portugal, SW Spain). Of the 54 taxa identified during sampling campaigns in winter and summer, 49 are systematically listed and illustrated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs. Ammonia spp. were the most ubiquitous calcareous taxa in both seasons. Morphological analysis and SEM images suggested three distinct morphotypes of the genus Ammonia, two of which proved to be Ammonia aberdoveyensis on the basis of partial rRNA analyses. Jadammina macrescens and Miliammina fusca were the most ubiquitous agglutinated taxa in the estuary. Jadammina macrescens dominates the upper-marsh zones almost exclusively, occurring at very high densities. Ammonia spp. are the most abundant in the low-marsh and tidal-flats of the lower reaches of the Guadiana Estuary, but are widespread throughout the estuary, especially during summer when environmental conditions favor their proliferation. Miliammina fusca dominates the sparsely vegetated low-marsh and tidal-flat zones of the upper reaches, where it is associated with calcareous species. Due to its geographical position, the Guadiana system shares characteristics of both Atlantic and Mediterranean estuaries. This is reflected in the foraminiferal assemblages, with a dominance of thermophilous species and an ecological zonation typical of the Mediterranean climatic zone. Sarita Graça Camacho. Center of Environmental and Marine Research (CIMA), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal [email protected] Delminda Maria de Jesus Moura. CIMA, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal. [email protected] Simon Connor. School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia. [email protected] David B Scott. Centre for Environmental and Marine Geology, Department of Earth Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4J1. [email protected] PE Article Number: 18.1.17A Copyright: Paleontological Society April 2015 Submission: 26 September 2014. Acceptance: 25 February 2015 Camacho, Sarita Graça, Maria de Jesus Moura, Delminda, Connor, Simon, Scott, David B., and Boski, Tomasz. 2015. Taxonomy, ecology and biogeographical trends of dominant benthic foraminifera species from an Atlantic-Mediterranean estuary (the Guadiana, southeast Portugal). Palaeontologia Electronica 18.1.17A: 1-27. palaeo-electronica.org/content/2015/1106-estuarine-forams-from-iberia CAMACHO ET AL.: ESTUARINE FORAMS FROM IBERIA Tomasz Boski. CIMA, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal. [email protected];
Journals
2015 EN
Sérgio P. Ávila · Ricardo Cordeiro · André Rösch Rodrigues
+4 more
Fossil remains of Cetacea are known globally from nearshore marine sediments along continental coastlines, but they are poorly known from volcanic oceanic island archipelagos. Here we report Pleistocene fossil cetacean material from late Neogene and Quaternary age outcrops on the Santa Maria Island of the Azores island archipelago in the North Atlantic Ocean. These remains consist of an isolated and highly worn fragment from the mandible of a mediumto large-sized baleen-bearing mysticete (i.e., Chaeomysticeti), which was exposed at the marine isotope stage 5 (sub-stage MIS 5e) level at Praia do Calhau, after Hurricane Gordon hit Santa Maria Island in August 2012. While this occurrence represents only the second description of Pleistocene cetaceans from volcanic oceanic islands, we predict that fossil cetaceans are likely underreported from oceanic islands, given their extant abundance and richness near oceanic island archipelagos today, whose geomorphology and oceanography provide important settings for the migration and life history patterns of living cetaceans. Sergio P. Avila. CIBIO, Centro de Investigacao em Biodiversidade e Recursos Geneticos, InBIO Laboratorio Associado, Polo dos Acores, Departamento de Biologia da Universidade dos Acores, Campus de Ponta Delgada, Apartado 1422, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Acores, Portugal; and MPB-Marine PalaeoBiogeography group, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal; and Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal. [email protected] Ricardo Cordeiro. CIBIO, Centro de Investigacao em Biodiversidade e Recursos Geneticos, InBIO Laboratorio Associado, Polo dos Acores, Departamento de Biologia da Universidade dos Acores, Campus de Ponta Delgada, Apartado 1422, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Acores, Portugal; and MPB-Marine PalaeoBiogeography group, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal. [email protected] Ana R. Rodrigues. Departamento de Biologia da Universidade dos Acores, Campus de Ponta Delgada, Apartado 1422, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Acores, Portugal. [email protected] Ana C. Rebelo. CIBIO, Centro de Investigacao em Biodiversidade e Recursos Geneticos, InBIO Laboratorio Associado, Polo dos Acores, Departamento de Biologia da Universidade dos Acores, Campus de Ponta Delgada, Apartado 1422, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Acores, Portugal; and MPB-Marine PalaeoBiogeography group, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal; and SMNS Staatliches Museum fur Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, D-70191 Stuttgart, Germany. PE Article Number: 18.2.27A Copyright: Paleontological Society June 2015 Submission: 3 March 2015. Acceptance: 22 May 2015 Avila, Sergio P., Cordeiro, Ricardo, Rodrigues, Ana R., Rebelo, Ana C., Melo, Carlos, Madeira, P., and Pyenson , Nicholas D. 2015. Fossil Mysticeti from the Pleistocene of Santa Maria Island, Azores (Northeast Atlantic Ocean), and the prevalence of fossil cetaceans on oceanic islands. Palaeontologia Electronica 18.2.27A: 1-12 palaeo-electronica.org/content/2015/1225-oceanic-island-fossil-cetacean AVILA: OCEANIC-ISLAND FOSSIL CETACEAN [email protected] Carlos Melo. MPB-Marine PalaeoBiogeography group, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal; and Departamento de Geociencias da Universidade dos Acores, Campus de Ponta Delgada, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Acores, Portugal. [email protected] Patricia Madeira. CIBIO, Centro de Investigacao em Biodiversidade e Recursos Geneticos, InBIO Laboratorio Associado, Polo dos Acores, Departamento de Biologia da Universidade dos Acores, Campus de Ponta Delgada, Apartado 1422, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Acores, Portugal; and MPB-Marine PalaeoBiogeography group, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal. [email protected] Nicholas D. Pyenson. Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, NHB, MRC 121, PO Box 37012 10th & Constitution NW Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA. [email protected]
Journals
2015 PO
Maria Judyta Woźniak
Mówiąc o seksualności, odnosimy się do wielopoziomowej sfery, której elementy konstruują codzienność społeczną. Na te elementy wpływa wiele czynników – również tych czerpanych ze światów wyobrażonych. Sfera wyobrażeń ma zatem bezpośrednie odniesienie do seksualności. Symbole, znaczenia, opowieści i pragnienia są częściami intersubiektywnych światów wyobrażonych, a ich realizację umożliwiają między innymi nowe media, a zwłaszcza internet. Nie tylko jest on kluczem do drzwi otwierających świat niezliczonych możliwości realizowania i negocjowania własnej seksualności. Rzeczywistość można „zreperować”, a nawet stworzyć od nowa. Światy wyobrażone są rozumiane zatem dwojako: jako światy intersubiektywne – wzory, znaczenia podzielane na poziomie kolektywnym oraz jako światy subiektywne – realizacje tych wzorów, fantazji i pragnień z poziomu intrapsychicznego.