Structure of the shemaah females internal (intestine, liver, gills, ovary, heart) is subjected to histological examination in order to understand the state influence on their offspring. Some pato-morphological changes are revealed, as edema, necrosis, microvascular disorders, including hemorrhage and massive deposits of hemosiderin granules, catarrhal enteritis in the intestine, symptoms of hepatitis in the liver, cardiomyopathy of the heart, distortion of the eggs shape, proliferation of lamellar uncornified epithelial filaments and respiratory epithelium in the gills. These changes relate mostly to protective and adaptive reactions.
The intertidal zone of the Gizhiginskaya Guba and Yamskaya Guba inlets located in the Shelikhov Bay is surveyed and 179 species are found in its macrobenthos (66 plants and 113 animals). They form 25 communities, including 7 ones on soft bottom sediments, 12 - on hard substrates, and 6 transitional (mixed) communities. The community of Lyonsia cucumerina is endemic of the Shelikhov Bay, it occupies the mixed substrate, namely flat rocks covered with silty sand that occur in the Gizhiginskaya Guba and at Ust’-Palana.
The aim of the present study was to characterize the anticonvulsant effects of levetiracetam in combination with ethosuximide in the mouse 6 Hz psychomotor seizure model. Limbic (psychomotor) seizure activity was evoked in albino Swiss mice by a current (32 mA, 6 Hz, 3 s stimulus duration) delivered via ocular electrodes; type II isobolographic analysis was used to characterize the consequent anticonvulsant interactions between the drug combinations for fixed-ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:5 and 1:10. With type II isobolographic analysis, the combinations of levetiracetam with ethosuximide for the fixed-ratios of 1:5 and 1:10 were supra-additive (synergistic; P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively) in terms of seizure suppression, while the combinations for the fixed-ratios of 1:1 and 1:2 were additive in the mouse 6 Hz psychomotor seizure model. The combinations of levetiracetam with ethosuximide for the fixed-ratios of 1:5 and 1:10 appear to be particularly favorable combinations exerting supra-additive interaction in the mouse 6 Hz psychomotor seizure model. Finally, it may be concluded that because of the synergistic interactions between levetiracetam and ethosuximide, the combination might be useful in clinical practice.
Andersen-Tawil Syndrome (ATS) is a rare genetic disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern caused by mutations in the KCNJ2 gene encoding Kir2.1 protein forming potassium ion channel, leading to disruption of cardiac and skeletal muscle repolarisation. Clinical symptoms include periodic paralysis, ventricular arrhythmia associated with QT prolongation and typical skeletal and facial dysmorphic features. The aim of the study was to present characteristic features of the rare Andersen-Tawil syndrome (ATS) within the face and oral cavity of a 9-year-old boy. The patient was diagnosed with Andersen-Tawil syndrome (OMIM#170390) at the age of 8 due to the positive family history, typical dysmorphic features, and the presence of mutation in the KCNJ2 gene confirmed by genetic testing. Typical manifestations of ATS were diagnosed: cardiac arrhythmia, short stature, scoliosis and clinodactyly. Clinical examination revealed typical facial dysmorphic features of ATS: broad forehead, triangular shape of the face, hypertelorism, microstomia, low-set ears, and mandibular retrognathism. Intraoral examination revealed: high-arched palate, crowding in the dental arches, hypomineralisation of enamel and high incidence of dental caries. Dental age assessment by Demirijan pointed to delayed development of permanent dentition. Cephalometric analysis revealed skeletal class II with high angle vertical jaws relation. Diagnosis of ATS requires high index of suspicion because of a great variability in the clinical manifestation of the syndrome. The subtle nature of the dysmorphic features often delays the diagnosis of this syndrome, and its potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia remaining undetected.
This article is devoted to the use of a mathematical model of a flood runoff for calculating rainfall runoff hydrographs from small catchments of the northwest coast of the Black Sea. The described model was tested and applied for the following catchments located in various geographical conditions, with various amounts of initial data: experimental catchments in Zacarpathian, the northwest of the Black Sea region – Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova, small catchments of the northern part of Vietnam, etc. This work was carried out on the basis of Moldavian Water-Balance Station databases. The development of a complex approach to a mathematical simulation of the formation of the processes of rain floods from small catchments is also given further investigation in this article. A brief description of the structure of a flood runoff spatial model from small catchments then provided. As well as this, the advantages of using radiolocation measurement of rainfall in the mathematical modeling of the formation of a flood runoff are shown. The results of construction runoff hydrographs confirm the possibility of applying this spatial model with the use of radar information. The optimization of model parameters was made with the data of 123 floods. The values of the quality criterion S/σ turned out not to exceed the value 0.8 in 81% of the considered cases of floods.