Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Analysis of a Turbulent Swirling Self-Excited Premixed Flame

© 2015 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. All rights reserved. Thermoacoustic oscillations constitute a serious threat to the integrity of combustion systems. The goal of the present work is to determine the effect of the equivalence ratio (φ), inlet flow velocity (U), and burner geometry on the characteristics of the self-excited oscillations and to reveal the dominant mechanisms. Experiments were conducted with a fully-premixed air/methane flame stabilized on a conical bluff body. Self-excited acoustic instabilities were induced by extending the length of the combustion chamber downstream of the bluff body. The flame was visualised using OH* chemiluminescence and OH PLIF at 5 kHz. For the data post-processing, apart from a Fast Fourier Transform analysis, the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition technique was applied on the imaging data aiming at extracting information about the dynamics that are not captured through classical ensemble-averaging. A strong effect of the chamber length was found, which primarily drove the generation of acoustic oscillation and flame-vortex interaction. Significant differences in the flame roll-up were found when either the burner geometry or the equivalence ratio was altered. Changes were detected in the frequency of oscillations, which showed a general trend to increase with φ and U and decrease with the length of the duct. Analysis of the POD modes allowed an estimate of the convection speed of the flame structures associated with the dominant frequency and it was found that this convection speed was about 1.5 U for most conditions studied.

Global stability analysis of a compressible turbulent flow around a high-lift configuration

The purpose of this work is to analyze a complex high lift configuration for which significant regions of separated flow are present. Current state of the art methods have some diffculty to predict the origin and the progression of this separated flow when increasing the angle of attack. The mechanisms responsible for the maximum lift limit on multi-element wing con?gurations are not clear; this stability analysis could help to understand the physics behind the phenomenon and to find a relation between the flow separation and the instability onset. The methodology presented herein consists in the computation of a steady base flow solution based on a finite volume discretization and a proposal of the solution for a generalized eigenvalue problem corresponding to the perturbed and linearized problem. The eigenvalue problem has been solved with the Arnoldi iterative method, one of the Krylov subspace projection methods. The described methodology was applied to the NACA0012 test case in subsonic and in transonic conditions and, finally, for the first time to the authors knowledge, on an industrial multi-component geometry, such as the A310 airfoil, in order to identify low frequency instabilities related to the separation. One important conclusion is that for all the analyzed geometries, one unstable mode related to flow separation appears for an angle of attack greater than the one correspondent to the maximum lift coe?cient condition. Finally, an adjoint study was carried out in order to evaluate the receptivity and the structural sensitivity of the geometries, giving an indication of the domain region that could be modified resulting in the biggest change of the flowfield

Implementation of a surface based coupling approach in a high-order DG aeroacoustics propagation solver

Astrobee: Developing a Free-flying Robot for the International Space Station

Astronaut time will always be in short supply, consumables (e.g., oxygen) will always be limited, and some work will not be feasible, or productive, for astronauts to do manually. Free flyers offer significant potential to perform a great variety of tasks, include routine, repetitive or simple but long-duration work, such as conducting environment surveys, taking sensor readings or monitoring crew activities. The “Astrobee” project is developing a new free flying robot system suitable for performing Intravehicular Activity (IVA) work on the Internation Space Station (ISS). This paper will describe the Astrobee project objectives, initial design, concept of operations, and key challenges.

Modelo Conceptual integrativo de Destination Branding: teste empírico no Porto e Norte de Portugal

The current study aims to develop and test a new conceptual model for destination branding, including and integrating the concepts of brand identity (brand associations), brand image, perceived quality, satisfation and loyalty. This study hypothesizes relationships among this constructs. This article aims to contribute to the conceptualization of destination branding that is identified as critical concept to the competitiveness of tourist destinations

FAMILY RESILIENCE FACTORS IN REMARRIED FAMILIES IN SOUTH AFRICA AND BELGIUM

Bioproducts for Sludge Reduction in Activated Sludge Systems Treating Oil Refinery Wastewater

The use of bioproducts that change the cellular metabolism and reduce microbial growth without affecting the organic matter removal is very promising for reducing the amount of sludge in wastewater treatment systems. In this study, two bioproducts were evaluated and compared with a well-known chemical (2,4-DiNitroPhenol – DNP) in activated sludge treating petroleum refinery wastewater. In batch experiments, 10 mg/L of DNP, 0.8 mg/L of a bioproduct based on Folic Acid (FA) and 10 mg/L of a bioproduct based on Stress Proteins (SP) led to 30.6%, 43.2% and 29.8% lower disposal of total solids, respectively. Operating on a continuous regimen, the addition of 10 mg/L of the bioproduct based on SP led to 45.7% lower disposal for 50 days. In all cases, no loss of efficiency in the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal was observed

Effect of Post-Synthesis Treatments on the Properties of ZnS Nanoparticles: An Experimental and Computational Study

This work deals with the characterization of ZnS NanoParticles (NP), prepared by precipitation employing thioacetamide as sulfur source at different reaction time length. The attention is focused on the modification induced on structural, surface and electronic properties of ZnS NP by post-synthesis treatments. These were aimed at removing from the samples surface adsorbed reactants, by washing or thermal treatments, both in air or vacuum. The effect of these parameters is followed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR), gas-volumetric and ThermoGravimetric Analysis (TGA). Moreover, the effect of nanostructuration on the semiconducting material band gap is evaluated by Diffuse Reflectance UV-Vis (DR UV-Vis) spectroscopy. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations have been employed to clarify the role of the adsorbed reactants on the surface stability and to assess the relationship between particle size and band gap value

Nielsen, Maria. Resenha: Rights of Way to Brasília Teimosa. The Politics of Squatter Settelment.

Nielsen, Maria. Resenha: Rights of Way to Brasília Teimosa. The Politics of Squatter Settelment.