Abundancia y diversidad de peces predadores en lagos de Várzea de la Amazonia Central.

La diversidad de peces en los lagos de várzea de la Amazonia es favorecida por la alta heterogeneidad espacial y por la interconectividad entre estos lagos y el canal principal del rio, regulada por el ciclo hidrológico. La depredación se tiene como un factor determinante en la estructuración de las asambleas de peces de la región neotropical. El objetivo de esta investigación fue estimar la abundancia y diversidad de peces predadores que habitan lagos de várzea en la región del medio río Solimoes, Amazonia Central de Brasil. Las colectas fueron realizadas en los meses de mayo y agosto de 2011, correspondientes a ños períodos hidrológicos de llenado y vaciado, en tres lagos de várzea en río Solimoes: lago Padre (S03°19’66,1/W59°93’14,8), Camaleão (S 03°66’43,23; W60°90’98,16) y lago Cacauzinho (S 03°66’86,14; W60°87’11,98). Para La captura se utilizaron redes agalladeras, dispuestas en las áreas de agua abierta y bosque inundado. El tiempo de muestreo fue de 48 horas en cada lago. Se colectaron 1.813 especímenes de peces predadores, distribuidos en 26 especies, 11 familias y 5 órdenes. Characiformes fue el orden más abundante con un número mayor de representantes en la familia Characidae. Las especies más abundantes fueron Pygocentrus nattereri (963 individuos) y Serrasalmus rhombeus (301 individuos). Las estimativas de diversidad, equitatividad y dominancia presentaron baja variación entre los períodos hidrológicos y hábitats. Apenas la riqueza de especies fue diferente entre las fases de llenado y vaciado de l ciclo hidrológico.

MIKROENKAPSULAT MINYAK BELUT (Monopterus albus) BEROMEGA-3 SEBAGAI FORTIFIKAN KEJU COTTAGE

UPAYA PENINGKATAN POSISI TAWAR PETERNAK ANGGOTA KELOMPOK BAKAL KLASTER SAPI BALI DI KABUPATEN BELU DAN MALAKA, NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR - Effort to Improve the Bargaining Posistion of the Farmer Members of the Group will Cluster Bali Cattle in the District Belu and Malaka, Nusa Tenggara Timur

AbstrakKesenjangan antara produksi dan kebutuhan domestik daging sapi saat ini telah mengakibatkan kecenderungan tingginya harga daging sapi nasional. Tingginya harga daging di pasar tersebut tidak dapat dinikmati oleh peternak antara lain karena posisi tawar peternaknya lemah. Salah satu model pengembangan yang untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut telah diinisiasi oleh Bank Indonesia adalah klaster. Pemasaran ternak sapi dalam manajemen kelompok bakal klaster melibatkan banyak pelaku yang saling terkait sehingga masalahnya menjadi kompleks dan dinamis. Pendekatan yang tepat untuk memahami persoalan adalah dinamika sistem. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa sistem pemasaran yang dilakukan dalam manejemen kelompok bakal klaster saat ini masih menempatkan peternak anggota kelompok dalam posisi tawar yang lemah. Peternak anggota hanya menerima harga dari pedagang pengumpul, pedagang pengumpul menerima harga dari koordinator pedagang pengumpul, dan koordinator pedagang pengumpul mendapatkan harga dari pedagang besar. Artinya harga di peternak anggota sangat  tergantung dari harga di pedagang besar. Kebijakan yang diusulkan untuk meningkatkan posisi tawar peternak adalah menerapkan harga pedagang pengumpul dan koordinator pedagang pengumpul di peternak. Hal ini dapat dilakukan apabila ada inovasi  kelembagaan usaha bersama simpan pinjam menjadi koperasi serta merangkul semua pedagang. Cara lainnya adalah dengan membentuk unit balai lelang agro di koperasi. Koperasi berfungsi menampung produksi anggota dan melelangnya kepada pedagang. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa skenario kebijakan menerapkan harga di tingkat pedagang akan meningkatkan keuntungan dan likuiditas keuangan peternak.Kata Kunci: Sapi Bali, posisi tawar, klaster, dinamika sistem, koperasiAbstractThe gap between production and domestic consumption of beef has now resulted in a tendency to high beef prices nationwide. The high price of meat in the market can not be enjoyed by farmers, among others, because of the weak bargaining position of the farmer. One of the development model to overcome these problems have been initiated by Bank Indonesia is a cluster.  Marketing of cattle in the cluster group management will involve many actors are interrelated so that the problem becomes complex and dynamic. The right approach to understanding the problem is the system dynamics. The results showed that the  marketing system are carried out in the management group will cluster is still putting breeders group members in a weak bargaining position. Breeders members only receive the price of the traders, traders receive price from collectors coordinator, and the coordinator of traders get the price of large traders. Means the price at farmer members highly dependent on the price at wholesalers. The proposed policy to improve the bargaining position of farmers is to apply the price collectors and traders in  breeder coordinator. This can be done if there is a joint effort of institutional innovation become savings and loan cooperatives and embrace all traders. Another way is to form a unit in the cooperative agro auction. Cooperative serves to accommodate the  production of the members and auction to the merchant. The simulation results show that the policy scenarios apply price at the merchant level will improve profitability and financial liquidity breeders.Keywords: Bali Cattle, bargaining position, cluster, system dynamics, cooperative

Persepsi Keluarga terhadap Skizofrenia

Literatura y masculinidad en la primera modernidad mexicana: apuntes de investigación en torno a tres novelas del México independiente

These notes discuss the research process and the results of a dissertation for a Master’s Degree in Gender Studies. It reads into three 19th-Century Mexican novels: La Quinta Modelo by Jose Maria Roa Barcena, Clemencia , by Ignacio Manuel Altamirano, and Ensalada de Pollos by Jose Tomas de Cuellar. The interpretation of these works shows a transformation towards a modern masculinity, in accordance to the liberal regime. The discussion addresses methodological problems of the use of literature as an historical source. It also proposes a dialogue with social theories about modernity.

Recyclable Materials Collectors or Environmental Agents?: A Self-Assessment Exercise

This work presents results of a questionnaire which aimed to assess the profile of collectors ofrecyclable materials of ACIMAR – Association of Recyclable Materials Collectors of Itajuba, which is locatedin Itajuba, southern of Minas Gerais state. It is part of the program ‘Creation of a network of collectors ofrecyclable materials in the south of Minas Gerais’, funded by the Ministry of Education and developed by thePopular Cooperatives Technological Incubator of the Federal University of Itajuba (INTECOOP/UNIFEI), alongwith the Mayorship of Itajuba and the University Center of Itajuba (FEPI). The methodology was based on a fieldcampaign based on a questionnaire, which was used to interview 31 associates of ACIMAR. Queries were basedon: personal data; previous jobs; formal education; familiar structure; the motivations to become a recyclablematerial picker; the society’s perception on their work; previous capacitations; working time; financial gains;positive and negative aspects of their work, group relationships and life perspectives. Results suggest that 87%declared to have worked on other jobs, while 58% declared that these jobs were formal. Despite the socialsecurity aspects, they decided to work as recyclable material pickers, because there were no bosses. Genderdistribution is quite homogeneous, with 52% male and 48% female, what indicates an equilibrium not seen inother laboral sectors in Brazil. Some 32% are between 18 and 30 years old, while 29% are between 41 and 50years old. Around 74% declared to have incomplete formal education up to the fundamental level. Individualmonthly income are above R$ 600,00 (around US$ 270,00) for 56%. To all of them, their role is very importantas it helps in the city waste management and improves environmental conditions, while 62% considered beingcalled as environmental agents rather than collectors of recyclable materials, what suggests a quest for a newprofessional identity.

Banco Grameen e Bancos Comunitários de Desenvolvimento: Uma Análise Comparativa

The purpose of this paper is to show the work of Community Development Banks (BCDs) as compared to the original Grameen Bank, indicating a fertile field of microcredit experiences that opens up the possibility of alternatives to reducing social inequality and increased opportunities for income and work to segments at the base of the pyramid. So the topic is included in the areas of Social and Solidarity Economy (ESS) and Social Management. Based on a bibliographical and documentary research on the Grameen Bank and the Banco Palmas, it was possible to describe pioneering bank performance characteristics in operation with microcredit, Grameen Bank, and also BCDs working characteristics in Brazil. It was found that there are differences in the operating mode between the first bank and the Brazilian BCDs, although the essence and purpose is the same: encouraging the local community to improve the quality of life of its residents. This research shows that in the ways of organization and business, respect for culture and local needs should prevail as opposed to imposing based performance rules based on outside interests to communities.

Harmonic Bergman spaces, the Poisson equation and the dual of Hardy-type spaces on certain noncompact manifolds

In this paper we consider a complete connected noncompact Riemannian manifold M with bounded geometry and spectral gap. We realize the dual space Y^h(M) of the Hardy-type space X^h(M), introduced in a previous paper of the authors, as the class of all locally square integrable functions satisfying suitable BMO-like conditions, where the role of the constants is played by the space of global k-quasi-harmonic functions. Furthermore we prove that Y^h(M) is also the dual of the space X^k_fin(M) of finite linear combination of X^k-atoms. As a consequence, if Z is a Banach space and T is a Z-valued linear operator defined on X^k_fin(M), then T extends to a bounded operator from X^k(M) to Z if and only if it is uniformly bounded on X^k-atoms. To obtain these results we prove the global solvability of the generalized Poisson equation L^ku=f with f in L^2_{loc}(M) and we study some properties of generalized Bergman spaces of harmonic functions on geodesic ball

Control theorems for $\ell$-adic Lie extensions of global function fields

Let F be a global function field of characteristic p > 0, K/F an l-adic Lie extension unramified outside a finite set of places S and A/F an abelian variety. We study SelA(K) ∨ (the Pontrjagin dual of the Selmer group) and (under some mild hypotheses) prove that it is a finitely generated Zl((Gal(K/F)))-module via generalizations of Mazur's Control Theorem. If Gal(K/F) has no elements of order l and contains a closed normal subgroup H such that Gal(K/F)/H ≃ Zl, we are able to give sufficient conditions forSelA(K) ∨ to be finitely generated as Zl((H))-module and, consequently, a torsion Zl((Gal(K/F)))-module. We deal with both cases l 6 p and l = p.

Imaginar, calcular, ressignificar: articulações entre imaginação e cognição em práticas pedagógicas

Apresentam-se os resultados de pesquisa qualitativa e exploratória feita através do acompanhamento do cotidiano escolar (durante 2008) de uma turma de primeiro ano de uma escola privada do município de Campinas (SP), Brasil. Os objetivos do trabalho foram identificar (i) as práticas pedagógicas operacionalizadas no cotidiano escolar, (ii) as formas pelas quais a professora valoriza o desenvolvimento da imaginação das crianças e (iii) as estratégias utilizadas para a inter-relação entre processos imaginativos e cognitivos sem que se percam suas especificidades. Análises sobre as práticas pedagógicas evidenciaram possibilidades de experiência bem-sucedida na articulação entre imaginação e cognição, habitualmente consideradas processos antagônicos. Os resultados permitem, também, levantar problematizações quanto a repercussões de práticas pedagógicas que privilegiam a imaginação no enriquecimento de brincadeiras de faz-de-conta. São debatidas, por fim, possibilidades de replicação deste projeto no sistema público.Palavras-chave: Cognição. Imaginação. Práticas pedagógicas.