Universidade Estácio de Sá

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), obesity represents one of the most important global health problems. Simultaneously with the increased incidence of this condition in women of childbearing age, maternal obesity becomes one of the most common risk factors evidenced in obstetric care. Gestation represents a physiological condition with unique hormonal changes that, if associated with obesity, is capable of triggering serious complications for the maternal-fetal binomial, including the increase in maternal mortality rates. Given the epidemiological relevance of the theme, the role played by the health team in prenatal care is paramount, since it has the opportunity to perform health promotion activities and to detect complications during pregnancy in a timely manner. At the same time, according to the National Curriculum Guidelines (DCN), medical education aims to develop the skills necessary to promote healthy lifestyles, reconciling the needs of individuals and society, and qualifying the physician to develop promotion of health, prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of diseases, with the use of appropriate communication techniques. Goals: The aim of this study was to identify the knowledge and practices of medical students about weight gain and obesity during pregnancy. Material and methods: A qualitative and quantitative study was carried out, with undergraduate and internship students from the Medicine courses of the Universities Estácio de Sá and UNIFESO, both located in the State of Rio de Janeiro. These universities were chosen because they presented different pedagogical models. Initially, 22 students answered a semi-structured interview about the subject. The number of students allocated to this stage followed the theoretical saturation method for qualitative studies. Then, all undergraduate and internship students from both universities who had already completed the course of Obstetrics, answered a questionnaire with 20 questions of multiple choice, totaling 287 students in this second stage. The analysis of the interviews was performed through the classical Content Analysis technique and the questionnaires through the application of chi square test. All students received, prior to their participation in the research, the Term of Free and Informed Consent, respectively for the interview and for the questionnaire. Results: It was verified that the students recognize the importance of the subject and affirm to study the obesity and the gain of weight in the gestational period in the respective universities. However, there was disagreement about the conduct of the pregnant woman with obesity and / or overweight in the prenatal period, perhaps due to a disagreement between the theoretical teaching and the clinical practice observed by the students. It was also concluded that the null hypothesis is true in this study, that is: there is no difference between the institutions analyzed and among the groups of undergraduate and boarding students of the same institution.

Educação como ferramenta de cidadania e desenvolvimento sustentável:

A proposta deste artigo é a utilização da Carta da Terra como fonteinspiradora, abordando a educaçãocomo uma importante ferramenta de cidadania e sustentabilidadeplanetária. Conjugamos a Cartada Terra às práticas inspiradas porPeter Senge, importante autor nocenário empresarial global, para umaeducação crítica e transformadoraem prol do despertar da reexão denossos educandos, em prol da JustiçaSocial e de mundo mais sustentável,propondo reexões aos educadores,para nossos alunos.

Factors Impacting Work Family Balance of Working Mothers

Most working women find it difficult to get work-family balance because when they are in one domain, the other suffers. Work-family balance will be useful for organization, family, and the individual himself. This research was aimed at finding out factors that influence workfamily balance of working mothers in Semarang, using descriptive qualitative method. The research subject was selected using purposive technique with informant characteristics as follow: working mother, working husband, living together with husband, and having child under 18 years old. Based on the research result, it was revealed that there are six factors influencing work-family balance, either from internal or external factors. Internal factors that influence work-family balance are commitment, understanding towards women’s role, and individual’s character. Meanwhile, external factors that influence work-family balance are social support, either from husband, family, supervisor, or colleagues, the presence of a child, and working autonomy.

Differences in Men’s Body Dissatisfaction Based on the Type of Exercise Motivation

Exercising at a fitness center is one of the methods to obtain an ideal body shape.The purpose of this study was to determine whether there were differences in body dissatisfactions based on the type of exercise motivation. Participants were 100 male members of a fitness center who exercise at least twice a week for at least one hour per session. Measures used were body dissatisfaction questionnaire (Tylka, Bergeron, & Schwartz, 2005) and exercise motivation questionnaire by Markland and Tobin (cited in Vlachopoulos, 2012). Results showed a difference in body dissatisfaction between men with internal exercise motivation and those with external exercise motivation (Z = 3.142, p < .05). Men who engaged exercises as driven by external exercise motivation had higher body dissatisfaction than those with internal motivation. This indicates that men with external exercise motivation were more dissatisfied with their body image, who were more likely to quit exercising if they did not obtain the expected result, or else they became obsessive with exercises because they was dissatisfied with their figures.

FINANCIAL CONDITION MODERATED THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AUDIT COMMITTEETOREDUCE EARNINGSMANAGEMENT

Some cases of financial fraud invite inquiries about the effectiveness of corporate governance mechanism in financial distress companies. This study empirically examines whether the financial distress moderate the impact of corporate governance mechanism to earnings management. The sample of this study is manufacturing companies listed at Indonesia Stock Exchange for period 2010 -2012. Discretionary accruals are used as a proxy for earnings management, while financially distressed and non-distressed firms are identified based on Altman Z-score test. Corporate governance mechanism is measured by four characteristics of the audit committee, i.e. size (total number of audit committee members), independence (audit committee composition), activity(frequency of audit committee meeting), and expertise (the number of audit committee have finance or accounting background).This study finds that (1) financial distress does not moderate the impact of total members of audit committee to earnings management; (2) financial distress does not moderate the impact of frequency of audit committee meeting to earnings management; (3) financial distress does not moderate the impact of audit committee composition to earnings management; (4)financial distress moderates the impact of audit committee finance/accounting knowledge to earnings management. These results suggestthat the effectiveness corporate governance is low, and finance/accounting literacy of audit committee should be alert. Beberapa kasus manipulasi keuangan pada perusahaan yang mengalami kesulitan keuangan mengundang pertanyaan terkait efektifitas mekanisme tata kelola perusahaan. Penelitian ini secara empiris menguji apakah kondisi kesulitan keuangan dapat memoderasi pengaruh mekanisme tata kelola perusahaan terhadap manajemen laba. Sampel dari penelitian ini adalah perusahaan sektor manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2010-2012.Discretionary accruals digunakan sebagai proksi untuk manajemen laba, sedangkan kondisi kesulitan keuangan diidentifikasi menggunakan uji Altman Z-score. Mekanisme tata kelola perusahaan diukur dengan 4 karakteristik komite audit, yaitu ukuran (jumlah anggota komite audit), independensi (komposisi komite audit), aktivitas (frekuensi pertemuan komite audit), dan keahlian (jumlah anggota komite audit yang memiliki latar belakang keuangan atau akuntansi). Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa (1) kondisi kesulitan keuangan tidak memoderasi pengaruh jumlah anggota komite audit terhadap manajemen laba; (2) kondisi kesulitan keuangan tidak memoderasi pengaruh frekuensi pertemuan komite audit terhadap manajemen laba; (3) kondisi kesulitan keuangan tidak memoderasi pengaruh komposisi komite audit terhadap manajemen laba; (4) kondisi kesulitan keuangan memoderasi  pengaruh jumlah anggota komite audit yang memiliki latar belakang keuangan atau akuntansi terhadap manajemen laba. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa efektifitas tata kelola perusahaan masih rendah dan anggota komite audit yang memiliki latar belakang keuangan atau akuntansi harus mewaspadainya.

The inflation and economic growth nexus in Gabon, Kenya, and South Africa: an empirical analysis, 1961-2012

LA IMPORTANCIA DEL AHORRO

En el presente articulo se ha analizado y justificado la necesidad de ahorrar, los beneficios que conlleva el ahorro, las estrategias que servirán de gula para quienes deseen despojarse de las deudas y estén motivados a romper las cadenas del endeudamiento.

THE STRUCTURE OF MYTH FOUND IN PRAMOEDYA'S THE KING, THE WITCH AND THE PRIEST

Parámetros biológicos y ambientales de la reproducción de Podocnemis erythrocephala (testudines: podocnemidae) en un afluente del Río Negro, Amazonia Central, Brasil

El objetivo de este trabajo fue colectar información sobre aspectos de la ecología reproductiva y de la distribución espacial y temporal de los nidos, la composición y las características ambientales de dos sitios de desove, además de la mortalidad de los desoves, las características morfológicas de los nidos, huevos y neonatos, y la proporción sexual de las crías de Podocnemis erythrocephala. El número de huevos/nido de P. erythrocephala vario entre 4 y 16. Hubo relación significativamente positiva entre el número y el peso medio de los huevos. la proporción sexual de las crías fue aproximadamente 1:1. Una relación positiva fue hallada entre el suceso de eclosión y el tiempo de incubación de los huevos. La distribución de los nidos en los diferentes hábitat (campiña limpia, campiña sucia y cerrado) fue más concentrada en las áreas de campiña limpia (64,57%), que son las áreas menos ricas en vegetación de las campiñas. Apenas 7,5% dos nidos fueron puestos en las playas. Fue encontrada una relación positiva entre el número y el peso de los huevos. 85,14% de los nidos se distribuyeron a menos de 300 metros del cuerpo de agua y 87% fueron encontrados a distancias inferiores a 25m de la frontera de la vegetación arbórea. Los datos encontrados en este estudio fueron semejantes a los expuestos por BATISTELA (2003). La estructura de la vegetación (arbórea, arbustiva o rastrera) puede influenciar en la temperatura y estructura de los nidos especialmente sobre el tiempo de incubación y el sexo de las crías. Estos datos pueden contribuir para el manejo adecuado de esta especie, que es ampliamente consumida por los moradores locales. Las áreas de campiña limpia fueron las más utilizadas para la postura, por lo que deben ser una prioridad de conservación para la reproducción de la especie en estudio.

Índices de condición corporal de Matrinxã Brycon Amazonicus del Río Juruá, Amazonas

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar las relaciones peso-talla (RPT), hepatosomático (RHS), esplenosomática (RES) y viscerosomática (SVR) y el factor de condición relativo (Kn), y las relaciones entre los índices corporales en Brycon amazonicus matrinxã del bajo río Juruá, Amazonas. Un total de 40 ejemplares fueron capturados. Los valores medios y desviación estándar fueron: longitud total (32,10 ± 2,22 cm), peso (765,00 ± 102,12 g), hígado (10,73 ± 1,79 g), bazo (0,33 ± 0,05 g), vísceras (61,21 ± 16,95 g), RHS (1,42 ± 0,27%), RES (0,04 ± 0,01 %), la RVS (8,03 ± 1,99 %) y Kn (1,12 ± 0,01). La matrinxã presentó un crecimiento alométrico negativo, mostrando una mayor ganancia de longitud total que de peso. Fue observada una relación (p< 0,05) entre el peso y el hígado (p=0,015), entre CT y vísceras (0,018), entre peso y vísceras (p= 0,018), y entre CT e hígado (0,038). Se observo una correlación negativa entre CT y RVS (p= 0,040), entre bazo y RVS (p= 0,001) y entre vísceras y RHS (p= 0,020). Se determionó correlación positiva entre Kn y RHS (p= 0,024) y entre bazo e hígado (p= 0,016). Con el presente trabajo es posible determinar el peso de órganos vitales a partir de medidas simples como La longitud total y el peso corpóreo, lo que proporciona el permite inferir la condición de salud de las poblaciones de matrinxã sin que se tenga que sacrificar especímenes para conocerla.