Journals
2025 EN
Alsabbagh Rami · Speakman Gabriella · Wang Daren
+2 more
Abstract Background Calcifying odontogenic cysts (Gorlin cysts) most commonly present centrally and have only rarely been reported in peripheral locations. The purpose of this report is to describe a new case of peripheral calcifying odontogenic cyst (PCOC) occurring in the anterior maxillary gingiva and to review the management and differential diagnosis of such a lesion. Methods A 37‐year‐old female presented with a long‐standing submucosal nodule on the gingiva between the maxillary central incisors, with asymptomatic growth over the last three years. Following an initial incisional biopsy, a diagnosis of PCOC was established. To exclude the possibility of a central process, a corresponding small field of view cone beam CT scan was obtained and the patient returned for a 6 mm excisional biopsy to the depth of the periosteum. Results Results of these additional assessments supported the original diagnosis of PCOC. Following uneventful healing of the second biopsy, no recurrence or other clinical findings were noted at 1‐year follow‐up. Conclusion While rare, the peripheral variant of calcifying odontogenic cyst, and other peripheral counterparts to recognized central cysts and tumors, should be considered in a differential diagnosis for a benign gingival nodule. Gingival tissue should be submitted for histologic evaluation to ensure a neoplastic process is not present. Key pointsVarious lesions may present on the gingiva as a “bump”; these can represent common clinical entities, such as pyogenic granuloma, peripheral ossifying fibroma, peripheral giant cell granuloma, and fibroma, or more rare conditions that may not be adequately considered in the differential diagnosis. A rarely documented case of peripheral calcifying odontogenic cyst (PCOC; Gorlin cyst) on the maxillary anterior gingiva of an adult female is reported here and compared with the few other similar PCOC cases in the literature. A biopsy of gingival lesions is always necessary to establish the correct diagnosis and provide the appropriate treatment.Plain language summary Several different lesions can appear on the gingiva (gums). Some are quite common, and some are rare. This report documents the occurrence of a new case of calcifying odontogenic cyst (Gorlin cyst), a type of cyst that has been rarely found outside the jawbone, presenting as a “bump” on the gingiva between the maxillary central incisor teeth of an adult female. Because of the patient history, a peripheral calcifying odontogenic cyst (PCOC) was not initially suspected. Following a biopsy, a PCOC diagnosis was given. The possibility of a lesion within the bone was then excluded by an X‐ray (cone beam CT) scan examination. A second, more extensive biopsy confirmed the diagnosis and the removal of the lesion. The patient had no complications or recurrence for the following 12 months. This case highlights the need to always biopsy lesions presenting on the gums to obtain a proper diagnosis and provide the correct treatment.
Journals
2025 EN
Wu YuChang · DuranGarnica Oscar · Chan HsunLiang
+1 more
Abstract Background This case study presents the treatment of a 7 mm deep and 5 mm wide RT1 gingival recession on the mandibular left canine in a 30‐year‐old systemically and periodontally healthy female, with the defect being associated with a self‐injurious habit. Methods Following counseling, self‐injurious habit cessation, and oral hygiene reinforcement, a double papilla flap (DPF) plus subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) procedure (DPF+SCTG) was performed. After de‐epithelialization of the gingival margin, horizontal and vertical incisions were made, and a partial‐thickness DPF was elevated. The SCTG was placed at the cementoenamel junction level and covered by the DPF. Results Nearly complete root coverage was achieved, with recession depth reduced to 1 mm and keratinized tissue width increased from 1 mm to 6 mm. Ultrasound imaging confirmed successful graft integration and thick gingiva. At 2‐year follow‐up, creeping attachment was observed after the patient discontinued the self‐injurious habit, despite a prior recurrence that had caused additional trauma. The successful surgical outcome resulted in patient satisfaction, plaque control improvement, and prevention of further recession, benefiting the ongoing orthodontic treatment. Conclusions DPF+SCTG is an effective approach for treating an isolated deep and wide RT1 recession, providing long‐term benefits, particularly when combined with behavior modification in patients with self‐injurious habits. Key pointsTechnique choice and patient behavior management : The combination of double papilla flap and subepithelial connective tissue graft effectively achieved significant root coverage and increased keratinized tissue width in a patient with self‐injurious habit. However, patient behavior management was crucial in preventing recurrence.Long‐term stability and creeping attachment : Despite a relapse due to the patient's habit, the thickened gingiva facilitated natural healing through creeping attachment, reinforcing the importance of both surgical intervention and behavioral modifications in maintaining long‐term stability.Ultrasound for non‐invasive monitoring : Ultrasound imaging confirmed successful graft integration and determined tissue thickness, highlighting its potential as a non‐invasive periodontal healing monitoring tool.Plain language summary Gum recession is a common condition where the gum tissue pulls away from the teeth, exposing the roots and making them more prone to damage. This report describes the treatment of a 30‐year‐old woman who had severe gum recession on her lower left canine tooth, caused by her long‐term habit of scratching the gums with her fingernail. To restore the lost tissue and protect the tooth, a double papilla flap (a surgical technique that moves nearby tissue) along with a connective tissue graft (transplanted tissue from the roof of the mouth) was used. Over 2 years, the recession was reduced by almost 90%, and the tissue over the tooth became healthier and stronger. Although her habit caused some recession to return, the thickened tissue allowed for natural healing once she controlled her habit again. This case highlights how proper surgical technique selection and execution, combined with patient behavior changes, can successfully treat severe gum recession. It also demonstrates how ultrasound imaging can be used as a non‐invasive tool to monitor soft tissue healing over time.
Journals
2025 EN
Sagris Marios · Soulaidopoulos Stergios · Papanikolaou Angelos
+7 more
ABSTRACT Background Stent underexpansion significantly heightens the risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), and available treatment options for this condition remain limited. Intravascular Lithotripsy (IVL) technology disrupts superficial and deep calcium by using localized pulsative sonic pressure waves, emerges as a promising tool for underexpanded stents. Aims This study examines the overall efficacy and safety of IVL, an until‐now off‐label modality, in the management of underexpanded stents. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, we systematically explored PubMed, SCOPUS, and Cochrane databases up to April 30, 2024, for studies evaluating IVL's safety and efficacy in treating underexpanded stents. We gathered angiographic (QCA) and intracoronary imaging (OCT or IVUS) data, examining the stent's diameter stenosis (SDS), minimal lumen diameter (MLD), minimal stent area (MSA), and minimal lumen area (MLA) pre‐ and post‐IVL application. Procedural success constituted the efficacy endpoint, while peri‐procedural complications, in‐hospital‐30‐days and long‐term mortality, and MACE were safety endpoints. Results This meta‐analysis comprised 23 studies including 819 patients and 837 treated lesions in underexpanded stent. The mean age was 71.7 ± 8.8 years, with an overall IVL procedural success rate of 92% [(95% confidence interval (CI): 88%–95%, I 2 = 35%), while the in‐hospital‐30‐days and long‐term mortality incidence were 1% (95% CI: 1%–3%, I 2 = 0%) and 4% (95% CI: 2%–6%, I 2 = 0), respectively. The 30‐day rates acute myocardial infarction and stroke were 1% [(95% CI: 0%–1%, I² = 0%), (95% CI: 0%–2%, I 2 = 0%)] each. No need for short term target lesion revascularization (TLR) was observed while the long‐term rates were 6% (95% CI: 3%–10%, I 2 = 48%). There was a significant decrease in the SDS [Standardized Mean Difference (SMD): −3.57 (95% CI: −4.64 to –2.44%, I 2 = 94%)] and increase in MSA (SMD: +1.98, 95% CI: 0.86–3.09, I 2 = 93%) after IVL application. It was observed a significant increase in MLD (SMD: +2.68, 95% CI: 1.94–3.41, I 2 = 90%) and in the MLA (SMD: +1.92, 95% CI: 1.46–2.38, I 2 = 69%). Major procedural and device related complications were 2% (95% CI: 1%–5%, I 2 = 0%) and 1% (95% CI: 0%–2%, I 2 = 80%) respectively. Notably low rates were observed for stent thrombosis (1%, 95% CI: 0%–2%, I 2 = 0%), dissections (1%, 95% CI: 1%–4%, I 2 = 0%), perforations (1%, 95% CI: 1%–3%, I 2 = 0%) and no‐reflow (0%, 95% CI: 0%–46%, I 2 = 0%). Conclusions IVL demonstrates promise as a safe and effective strategy for underexpanded stent treatment, characterized by low rates of periprocedural complications. Future prospective studies are now warranted to compare IVL to other lesion preparation strategies.
Journals
2025 EN
Adamou Panayiota · Harkou Eleana · Bellomi Silvio
+9 more
Abstract In this study, an iridium catalyst (Ir/Ni 10 Ce) was used for the catalytic hydrolysis of ammonia borane (AB). The parameters tested were temperature, stirring rate, AB concentration, and AB‐to‐catalyst molar ratio. By integrating a simple Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic in a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, the experimental results were validated with a maximum error of 13% observed at only two experimental conditions, while on the rest it was lower than 10%, showcasing the robustness of the model. In all experimental cases, AB resulted in over 85% H 2 yield. Statistical analysis was also implemented to uncover the effect of the four main factors: temperature, stirring rate, AB concentration, and substrate (AB) to catalyst ratio, on the three response variables: reaction time, TOF, and H 2 yield. Radar plots are also presented, illustrating how two‐factor interaction influences the response variables. By combining temperature with either concentration or catalyst amount, a profound effect on the reaction time was observed. The combination of experimental work along with computational work of CFD and statistical analysis can significantly enhance a reaction process by targeting the most impactful factors, allowing experiments with optimized reaction conditions for better results in terms of H 2 yield and catalytic performance. Considering also the interaction of the variables enables further process optimization by focusing on specific parameter combinations without wasting resources.
Journals
2025 EN
Athanasopoulou Angeliki A. · Abbasi Parisa · Alexandropoulos Dimitris I.
+8 more
Abstract A high‐nuclearity {Ni 18 } complex ( 1 ) with a unique ‘flying saucer’ motif has been prepared from the organic chelate, α‐methyl‐2‐pyridine‐methanol (mpmH), in conjunction with bridging azido (N 3 − ) and peroxido (O 2 2− ) ligands. Magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed the presence of both ferro‐ and antiferromagnetic exchange interactions between the metal centres in 1 , and the stabilization of spin states with appreciable S values at two different temperature regimes. The end‐on bridging azido and alkoxido groups are in all likelihood the ferromagnetic mediators, while the η 3 :η 3 :μ 6 ‐bridging peroxides most likely promote the antiparallel alignment of the metals’ spin vectors, yielding an overall non‐zero spin ground state for the centrosymmetric compound 1 . Furthermore, the {Ni 18 } nanosized cluster behaves as a single‐molecule magnet, exhibiting magnetic hysteresis at low temperatures and two relaxation processes at 15 K and 1.3 K, a very rare phenomenon in polynuclear magnetic 3d ‐metal clusters.
Journals
2025 EN
Adamis Konstantinos S. · Georgoulakis Michail · Angelonidis Ioannis
+6 more
Abstract Recent advances in drug discovery and development have been marked by the emergence of new modalities, including small molecule theranostic agents. While initial results from clinical trials have been promising, modern detectable inhibitors are still in an early stage of development. In this study, we present a strategy for chemically evolving a fluorescent imaging agent into a potent therapeutic entity, which not only retains its properties but also enhances its inhibition and detection applicability. By utilizing 15‐LOX‐1 as a model system, we leverage prior knowledge of its inhibitors to rationally functionalize fluorescein, enabling the targeted and highly efficient synthesis of over 20 derivatives across four different scaffolds. This approach ultimately led to the development of a potent, cell‐permeable inhibitor that effectively engages its target in live cells and enables real‐time visualization. These findings validate our new strategy for the development of small molecule diagnostic modulators, paving the way for application in other targets as well.
Journals
2025 EN
Ioannou Dimitris I. · Bombonato Elena · Sanramat Jiri
+2 more
Abstract Electrophotocatalysis (EPC) is emerging as a powerful tool in organic synthesis, offering unique redox transformations without the need for sacrificial oxidants or reductants. Building on this activation mode, we have developed an electrophotocatalytic method for the direct amidation of aldehydes, utilizing electricity and protons as oxidants and light to generate chlorine radicals for hydrogen atom transfer (HAT). This sustainable approach is compatible with a wide range of aldehydes and nitrogen‐based nucleophiles, performing efficiently under batch conditions and demonstrating scalability with flow technology. The mild reaction conditions, adequate functional group tolerance, and versatility make this EPC protocol particularly suitable for C─N bond formation, enabling functionalization of diverse organic compounds and facilitating late‐stage modifications in drug development.
Journals
2025 EN
Wakui Elley · Mylonas Dimitris · Caparos Serge
+1 more
Abstract Categorical perception (CP) for colors entails that hues within a category look more similar than would be predicted by their perceptual distance. We examined color CP in both a UK and a remote population (Himba) for newly acquired and long‐established color terms. Previously, the Himba language used the same color term for blue and green but now they have labels that match the English terms. However, they still have no color terms for the purple areas of color space. Hence, we were able to investigate a color category boundary that exists in the Himba language but not in English as well as a boundary that is the same for both. CP was demonstrated for both populations in a visual search task for one different hue among 12 otherwise similar hues; a task that eliminated concerns of label matching. CP was found at the color‐category boundaries that are specific to each language. Alternative explanations of our data are discussed and, in particular, that it is the task‐dependent use of categorical rather than non‐categorical (perceptual) color networks which produces CP. It is suggested that categorical networks for colors are bilaterally represented and are the default choice in a suprathreshold similarity judgment.
Journals
2025 EN
Karkanis Stefanos F. · Nikolaidis Alexandros K. · Koulaouzidou Elisabeth A.
+1 more
Abstract This research explores the potential exploitation of recycled PET bottles in developing dimethacrylated oligoesters to be used as alternative monomers to produce novel dimethacrylate‐based dental resins. Specifically, oligoester diols derived from PET glycolysis were converted into dimethacrylated oligoesters (PET‐GLY‐DMs), as alternative monomers to Bisphenol‐A glycidyl methacrylate (Bis‐GMA). The glycolysis products were analyzed for their molecular weight using Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) and the successful conversion of hydroxyl to methacrylate groups via methacrylation was confirmed by FT‐IR spectroscopy. A gradient substitute of Bis‐GMA by PET‐GLY‐DM within Bis‐GMA/TEGDMA mixtures was conducted, and the gained dimethacrylated matrices were light‐cured followed by the evaluation of their physicochemical and mechanical properties. It was revealed that the newly synthesized resins exhibited lower viscosity, higher degree of conversion, and reduced mechanical properties compared to the control resins. However, the most important observation, related to environmental friendliness, was that the PET‐GLY‐DMs did not release Bisphenol‐A, as measured by liquid chromatography. The proportions of PET‐GLY‐DMs, Bis‐GMA, and TEGDMA in dental resin formulations were optimized to achieve similar handling properties to control resins while maintaining significant hardening and mechanical performance. This research highlights the sustainability of the chemical recycling of PET, in the synthesis of novel products with added environmental and economic benefit.
Journals
2025 EN
Torres Nathércia Lima · Batista Ana Rita · Sousa José
+4 more
ABSTRACT Difficulties in both duration and beat‐based time perception are common in individuals with dyslexia (DD). It is also known that internalised beat cues may aid in duration processing. This study investigated whether the difficulties in duration processing among DD stem from their inability to utilise internal beat cues. Participants with and without dyslexia estimated intervals ranging from 500 ms to 10 s. In the beat cue condition, participants listened to a sequence of 500 ms beats before the interval, and in the no beat cue condition, they were exposed to silence while EEG was recorded. Interestingly, the two groups did not differ in duration estimation performance, but they did differ in their utilisation of beat cues, with DD showing less sensitivity to these, whether the impact was negative (cues before shorter intervals) or positive (before longer intervals). Brainwave entrainment to the target frequency was significantly higher compared with entrainment to a non‐target frequency, and cross‐group differences were null. Our findings suggest that DD may have difficulties either in retaining the beat when it is no longer audible, or in using the internalised beat for duration estimation. Nevertheless, they can achieve comparable accuracy to neurotypical adults, possibly through compensatory strategies.