Journals
2025 EN
Jasim Hadeel Raheem · Hussein Eman Shaker · AlShamkhee Ameer Abdulkadhim Oudah
+3 more
ABSTRACT The properties of a semi‐closed combined cycle power system make it a better option for this study than an open system, since it turns an open‐cycle gas turbine into a pollutant‐free power system. Also in the selected cycle, the exhaust is channeled toward a divider rather than being released into the atmosphere, and the exhaust is divided into a separation duct and a return duct by the divider. Part of the exhaust is directed back toward the compressor via the return duct. This study investigates the effect of thermodynamic parameters analysis (turbine inlet temperature, ambient air temperature, pressure ratio, and regenerator effectiveness) on thermal efficiency and specific fuel consumption (S.F.C.) for a semi‐closed system. The properties of a semi‐closed combined cycle power system make it a better option for this study than an open system, since they turn an open‐cycle gas turbine into a pollutant‐free power system. Also in the selected cycle, the exhaust is channeled toward a divider rather than being released into the atmosphere. The exhaust is divided into a separation duct and a return duct by the divider. Part of the exhaust is directed back toward the compressor via the return duct. This study investigates the effect of thermodynamic parameters analysis (turbine inlet temperature, ambient air temperature, pressure ratio, and regenerator effectiveness) on thermal efficiency and S.F.C. for a semi‐closed gas turbine cycle. The operating conditions are taken into account when determining the analytical formulas for assessing thermal efficiency and S.F.C., which are calculated by using thermodynamic equations. The model is constructed using MATLAB®. The results show that the thermal efficiency is increased due to increased turbine inlet temperature, increased regenerator effectiveness, and decreased ambient air temperature. Conversely, S.F.C. decreases. It was also found that when the pressure ratio was roughly 2, the thermal efficiency rose, while the S.F.C. started to decrease. After this value, the thermal efficiency began to decline gradually, and the S.F.C. increased. Also, as the regenerator's effectiveness increased to roughly 0.95, the data indicate that the thermal efficiency achieved its maximum value of 0.60. and at a turbine inlet temperature of about 1600 K, while the S.F.C recorded a minimum value of 0.1394.
Journals
2025 EN
Alwan Adil Abbas · Alomari Mohammed Azeez · Hassan Ahmed M.
+5 more
ABSTRACT This study numerically investigates thermal transport and fluid dynamics in a triangular cavity filled with a MgO–Ag–H 2 O hybrid nanofluid containing an undulating porous fin under electromagnetic field and thermal radiation influences. The governing equations are solved numerically using the Galerkin finite element methodology with Darcy–Forchheimer formulation for porous media representation. A comprehensive parametric study examines the effects of Rayleigh number ( Ra , 10³–10⁶), Darcy number ( Da , 10⁻⁵–10⁻²), Hartmann number ( Ha , 0–80), magnetic field orientation angle ( γ , 0°–90°), nanoparticle concentration ( φ , 0.005–0.02), heat generation coefficient ( λ , 1–5), fin waviness parameter ( n w , 0–6), and radiation intensity factor ( Rd , 1–5). The numerical model is validated against established benchmark solutions, demonstrating excellent agreement. Findings demonstrate that increasing Ra substantially improves thermal transport and flow intensity, with the average Nusselt number rising by up to 65% and maximum velocity magnitudes increasing by over 500 times. Electromagnetic field application inhibits thermal transport, with ( Nu av ) decreasing by 55.6% as Ha increases from 0 to 80. Magnetic field angle optimization shows that γ = 60° provides better heat transfer than γ = 0° at high Ha values. Nanoparticle addition provides moderate thermal enhancement, with an 11.1% increase in Nu av as φ increases from 0.005 to 0.02, particularly in low‐ Ra regimes. Radiation effects become most significant at elevated Ra values, with ( Nu av ) nearly tripling as Rd increases from 1 to 5 at Ra = 10⁶. Entropy generation analysis reveals that the Bejan number decreases by 98.7% as Ra increases, indicating fluid friction dominance at higher Ra values. These results offer essential guidance for optimizing thermal management systems involving porous structures, nanofluids, and electromagnetic fields.
Journals
2025 EN
Nagraj Sumanth Kumbargere · Hafver Tandekile Lubelwana · Hohlfeld Ameer
+11 more
Abstract Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are shared through various dissemination strategies using a range of dissemination products and channels. However, users may have different needs for accessing and understanding them. Patients and carers from low‐ and middle‐income countries might face challenges in accessing CPGs such as inadequate systems for printed book distribution and insufficient and substandard photocopies. Many organizations offer lengthy documents, but busy healthcare workers may prefer shorter, digital versions. Digital CPGs can be sent through different channels such as email, newsletters, or social media. How users feel about these products (e.g., clinical protocol, educational material or decision aids) and how it affects the usage of CPGs is not well understood. In addition to these issues, most of the previous systematic reviews on this topic have clubbed the dissemination strategies along with the adoption of recommendations or implementation aspects. There is a need for evidence on the existing dissemination strategies disentangled from the implementation aspects. We aim to conduct a mixed‐methods systematic review to identify documented dissemination strategies for CPGs, barriers and facilitators to access such strategies and the expectations and needs of end users regarding dissemination needs. We will search literature from MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, Epistemonikos, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and Medical Guidelines Clearing house. We will critically appraise all the included studies using appropriate tools based on the study design. We will use manifest content analysis to identify documented dissemination strategies and latent content analysis to understand the barriers, facilitators, preferences of end‐users. We intend to follow the convergent matrix model approach for this mixed methods evidence synthesis. We anticipate that this mixed‐methods systematic review will highlight the various strategies of dissemination of CPGs and the associated barriers and facilitators.
Journals
2025 EN
Fatih Mohammed Taib · Mahmood Mohammed Khalid · Kurda Handren Ameer
+4 more
ABSTRACT Background and Aims Children with chronic conditions such as heart diseases, asthma, severe respiratory infections, epilepsy, organ failure, tumors, and recurring acute diseases such as sinusitis, otitis media, tonsillitis, or even iron and vitamin supplements are taking pediatric liquid medications (PLMs) for long durations. There is a growing concern and evidence in the literature about the harmful effects of PLMs on dentitions. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive update on PLM consumption as a risk factor for dental caries. Methods An electronic search was conducted across various databases such as PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus and Google Scholar using the relevant MeSH terms and keywords “liquid medication,” “pediatric liquid medication,” “chronically ill children,” “children,” “dental caries,” “dental erosion,” “sugar content of medications,” and “endogenous pH of medications”. Results A total of 33 studies were included in this narrative review. Some reports have linked the usage of PLMs in chronically ill children to dental erosion and caries. Physiochemical properties of PLM solutions, such as their sugar content and endogenous pH define their carcinogenicity and erosive potential. Indeed, several in vitro studies reported the erosive potential of PLMs on dental hard tissue structure when viewed under scanning electron microscopes. Some other studies have focused on the role of pediatricians, dentists, and families/parents. Conclusion Studies support a positive association and suggest a higher caries risk experience among chronically ill children that consume PLMs. A multidisciplinary collaboration is needed between pediatricians, dentists, manufacturers and families to maximize the benefits of PLMs and minimizing its possible harms on oral health.
Journals
2025 EN
Varshegaa S. · Francis P. · Sambath P.
+2 more
ABSTRACT Efficient heat and mass transfer is crucial in fields like energy systems and chemical processes, especially when dealing with non‐Newtonian fluids, such as Casson, Maxwell, and Williamson. However, the interactions of thermal radiation, Soret, and Dufour effects in magnetohydrodynamic free convection over a vertical cone have not been thoroughly studied, nor has the impact of entropy generation on thermodynamic efficiency. This study aims to explore these interactions, focusing on how they affect heat and mass transfer and entropy generation in three types of non‐Newtonian fluids. The governing equations are converted into dimensionless forms and solved using MATLAB's BVP4C solver, with results verified using an artificial neural network model. The main findings indicate that the Casson fluid has better heat transfer characteristics due to its lower viscosity at high shear rates. It was also found that magnetic fields can decrease velocity but increase the thermal and concentration boundary layers, which enhances diffusion rates. Additionally, thermal radiation, Soret, and Dufour effects significantly improve heat and mass diffusion, and the analysis of entropy generation highlights their importance for system efficiency. By combining numerical methods with machine learning, this study provides useful insights for improving heat and mass transfer in energy systems, chemical reactors, and manufacturing processes that use non‐Newtonian fluids.
Journals
2025 EN
Hassan Ahmed M. · Alomari Mohammed Azeez · Salho Ameer K.
+4 more
ABSTRACT This study investigates entropy generation and heat transfer in a circular cavity containing immiscible air and TiO 2 –water nanofluid layers with a centrally positioned active cylinder under oscillating magnetic field influence. The governing equations were solved using the Galerkin weighted residual finite element method with a penalty formulation. The study examined the effects of Rayleigh number (10³ ≤ Ra ≤ 10⁶), Hartmann number (0 ≤ Ha ≤ 80), magnetic field wavelength (0.1 ≤ λ ≤ 0.9), nanoparticle volume fraction (0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.05), and active cylinder position (bottom, top, center, and right). Results indicate that cylinder position significantly impacts thermal performance, with the bottom configuration yielding up to 94.1% higher heat transfer rates than the top position. Increasing magnetic field strength progressively suppressed convective flows, reducing heat transfer by up to 16.9% while decreasing entropy generation by up to 82.3%. Nanoparticle addition enhanced heat transfer across all configurations by up to 23.8% as concentration increased from ϕ = 0.01 to 0.1, though at the cost of increased system irreversibility. The top position demonstrated remarkable thermal stability across varying Rayleigh numbers, making it suitable for applications requiring consistent performance. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing thermal management systems involving immiscible fluids under electromagnetic influence, with applications in electronics cooling and energy systems.
Journals
2025 EN
Waseem Muhammad Hassan · Abideen Zain ul · Khan Marium
+12 more
ABSTRACT Background Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) contributes substantially to morbidity and mortality in cirrhotic patients. A clear insight into the anticoagulation therapy benefits in these patients could improve clinical decision‐making. This meta‐analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Anticoagulants in cirrhotic patients with PVT. Methods PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect were searched from inception to September 2024. The Risk Ratios (RR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were pooled for dichotomous outcomes under the random effects model using Review Manager 5.4.1. The primary endpoint of interest is PVT recanalization. Quality assessment was done through the Newcastle Ottawa Scale and the Cochrane RoB2.0 tool. Leave‐one‐out sensitivity analysis was done to investigate the cause of heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed through funnel plots. Results Twenty‐three studies (including 19 cohorts and 4 Randomized trials), pooling 81,599 patients, were included in the analysis. Anticoagulants significantly increased the PVT recanalization (RR = 2.00; 95% CI: [1.59, 2.52]; p < 0.00001; I 2 = 13%), PVT improvement (RR = 1.98; 95% CI: [1.70, 2.29], p < 0.00001; I 2 = 0%) while decreasing the PVT stability (RR = 0.78; 95% CI: [0.62,0.99], p = 0.04; I 2 = 19%) and PVT progression (RR = 0.42; 95% CI: [0.29, 0.60], p < 0.00001; I 2 = 27%). Other outcomes including mortality (RR = 0.53; 95% CI: [0.27, 1.03]; p = 0.06; I 2 = 94%), total bleeding (RR = 1.02; 95% CI: [0.76, 1.37], p = 0.89; I 2 = 31%), esophageal variceal bleeding (RR = 0.74; 95% CI: [0.54, 1.01], p = 0.06; I 2 = 56%), Gastrointestinal bleeding (RR = 1.07; 95% CI: [0.78, 1.48]; p = 0.66, I 2 = 13%) and Intracranial hemorrhage (RR = 1.19; 95% CI: [0.89, 1.58], p = 0.24, I 2 = 0%) were comparable between the 2 arms. Conclusion Anticoagulants significantly increased PVT recanalization and PVT improvement while decreasing PVT stability and PVT progression in cirrhotic patients. Other outcomes were comparable between the two groups.
Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
Journals
2025 EN
Waseem Muhammad Hassan · Abideen Zain Ul · Ahmed Ayesha
+8 more
ABSTRACT Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding (UGIB) is a critical condition where endoscopy is often hindered by poor visibility. This meta‐analysis assesses the safety and efficacy of metoclopramide as a pre‐endoscopic aid to improve visualization. Databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were searched from inception till October 2024. Review Manager 5.4.1 software was utilized to combine standard and weighted mean differences as well as risk ratios for continuous and dichotomous outcomes, respectively. Quality assessment was carried out by the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0. Publication bias was assessed through funnel plots. GRADE assessment was conducted to determine the certainty of the evidence. The protocol of this review was registered on PROSPERO under the ID CRD42024569658. A total of eight studies were included, resulting in a pooling of 665 patients. Metoclopramide significantly increases the Endoscopic Visualization Score of the Fundus (SMD = 0.30, 95% CI: [0.12, 0.47]; p = 0.0008; I 2 = 0%), Endoscopic Visualization Score Body (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI: [0.07, 0.42]; p = 0.006; I 2 = 0%), Endoscopic Visualization Score Antrum (SMD = 0.23, 95% CI: [0.05, 0.40]; p = 0.01; I 2 = 0%), and Endoscopic Visualization Score Total (SMD = 0.32, 95% CI: [0.15, 0.50]; p = 0.0003; I 2 = 0%). Outcomes such as length of hospital stay, re‐endoscopy, RBC transfusion units, second look endoscopy, duration of endoscopy, and mortality showed insignificant results. In conclusion, metoclopramide usage improved the endoscopic visualization, but it showed no significant results when evaluated for the secondary outcomes. However, there is a clear need for more full‐length clinical trials demonstrating the safety and efficacy of metoclopramide to establish robust evidence.
Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
Journals
2025 EN
Ashraf Rabia · Zahoor Ameer Fawad · Ahmad Sajjad
+7 more
ABSTRACT Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman carbonates are a versatile and emerging class of organic precursors, utilized in various organic transformations as a main reagent, yielding intricate functionalized moieties. These carbonates facilitate the synthesis of various bioactive entities, natural products, and other valuable compounds. MBH carbonates combined with other substrates such as phenolates, oxindole‐chromones, enamino maleimides, isoquinolines, sulfones, cyclic ketimines/imines, and perfluoroalkyls, and so forth via substitution and annulation reactions provide valuable organic compounds. This review highlights the recent synthetic applications of these organic carbonates in the synthesis and functionalization of oxindoles, pyrazoles, quinolines, and organofluorides, and so forth.
Journals
2025 EN
Mohamed Ahmed Elmorsy · Gadelmawla Ahmed Farid · Kholeif Zeyad
+12 more
ABSTRACT Background Pulmonary vein isolation is a standard therapy for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). Pulsed field ablation (PFA) has emerged as a novel approach aiming to improve efficacy and safety over conventional thermal ablation (CTA) (radiofrequency and cryoballoon). This meta‐analysis evaluated outcomes of PFA versus thermal ablation in paroxysmal AF. Methods Electronic databases were searched through May 2025 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies that compared the efficacy and safety of PFA versus CTA. The primary outcome was AF recurrence. Summary estimates were conducted using random effects. Results A total of six studies, involving 1928 patients, were included. The incidence of AF recurrence was significantly lower among patients treated with PFA (risk ratio [RR] 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.53–0.85). PFA was associated with a lower incidence of any atrial arrhythmia recurrence (RR 0.78, 95% CI: 0.61–0.99). The total procedure duration was significantly shorter with PFA (mean difference −21.46 min (95% CI: −26.04 to −16.88)), but there was no difference in fluoroscopy time. The rates of esophageal injury and phrenic nerve palsy were lower with PFA. However, the data were limited for these two outcomes, and a meta‐analysis was not conducted for them. There was no difference between the two groups in the incidence of stroke or pericardial tamponade. Conclusion Among patients with paroxysmal AF undergoing catheter ablation, PFA is associated with favorable outcomes, including lower recurrence and shorter procedure time compared to conventional ablation modalities.