Seed Dormancy

Multiple Skleroz’lu Hastalarda Üst Ekstremite Ataksisinin Bilgisayar Analizi İle Değerlendirilmesi

1 Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Bölümü, Konya, Türkiye ORCID: 0001-9571-9672 2 Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Bölümü, Ankara, Türkiye ORCID: 0001-6283-1211 3 Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Meram Tıp Fakültesi, Nöroloji Bölümü, Konya, Türkiye ORCID: 0002-5783-8061 4 Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Mekatronik Bölümü, Konya, Türkiye ORCID: 0002-3279-156X

The effect of quercetin on cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective and therapeutic effects of quercetin on pancreatic injury in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. METHOD: Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four groups, eight per group: (CT): untreated controls, (CER) treated with cerulein, 50 μg/kg body weight; (Q+CER) pre-treatment with quercetin, 100 mg/kg body weight, followed by cerulein, 50 μg/kg; (CER+Q) post-treatment, cerulein followed by quercetin, same doses. Cerulein was divided into four doses, given at 1-hour intervals by intraperitoneal injection. Quercetin was given either 1-hour before (in pre-treatment group) or 1-hour after (in post-treatment group) cerulein. Pancreatic malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl, myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), interleukin-6 (IL-6), reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG, respectively) were measured. Histology of the pancreas was studied. RESULTS: (1) MDA, carbonyl, MPO, TNF-a and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in CER vs CT rats. (2) MDA, carbonyl, MPO and TNF-α decreased significantly in pre-treated rats vs. CER. (3) MDA, MPO, TNF-α, IL-6 were significantly lower in post-treated rats vs. CER. (4) The reduced vs. oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG) of was significantly lower CER vs. CT rats. (5) Preand post-treatment with quercetin significantly increased this ratio. (6) Pancreatic histology showed that quercetin had no significant effect on the histological image of the pancreas CONCLUSION: These results suggest that quercetin can attenuate the severity of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis by acting as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent and combating oxidative stress. Further studies are needed to clearly explain its utility on acute pancreatitis.

A THREE-DIMENSIONAL EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT INCISOR INTRUSION MECHANICS TO THE PERMANENT MAXILLARY FIRST MOLAR TEETH BY USING CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

Erzurum İli meralarında doğal olarak yetişen farklı baklagil yem bitkilerinin nispi yem değerlerinin belirlenmesi

Determination of suitable workability case for different soils formed on alluvial land

Topraklarin uygun nem duzeyinde islenmesi, tarimsal uretimin ve dogal kaynaklarin surdurulebilirligi icin temel esastir. Bu calisma, toprak strukturune en az zararla, toprak islemenin yapilabilecegi en uygun nem araligini ve isleme zamanini degerlendirmek amaciyla Samsun Ili Bafra ilcesine bagli Dedeli ve Cetinkaya koyleri ile yakin cevresini kapsayan, yaklasik 1762.4ha’lik alanda yurutulmustur. Calisma alanina ait haritalama birimleri ve gerekli olan bazi toprak parametrelerinin belirlenmesinde, daha once yapilmis olan detayli toprak haritasindan yararlanilmistir. Alanin arazi kullanimi ve toprak ozellikleri dikkate alinarak, toplam 50 adet bozulmus toprak orneginde (0-20 cm) tekstur, organik madde (OM), tarla kapasitesi (TK), plastik limit (PL), likit limit (LL) ve dogrusal genisleyebilirlik katsayisi (COLE) gibi toprak ozellikleri belirlenmis ve bu ozellikler kullanilarak plastiklik indeksi (PI) ve kivam indeksi (Ic) hesaplanmistir. Kivam indeksi (Ic) degerleri, detayli toprak haritasi ile birlikte her bir toprak serisinde topraklarin toprak isleme icin uygun nem araliklarinin belirlenmesi amaciyla degerlendirilmistir. Ayrica, Ic degerleri jeoistatistiksel ve CBS yontemleri ile degerlendirilerek toprak serilerinin toprak isleme zamani icin en uygun nem duzeylerini gosteren kriging haritasi uretilmistir. Elde edilen kriging haritasi, calisma alaninda dagilim gosteren toprak serilerinin cogunlugunda uygun olmayan nem kosullarinda yapilacak toprak islemelerinin, toprak strukturunde onemli bozulmalarin meydana gelecegini ortaya koymustur. Arastirma alaninda dagilim gosteren farkli topraklarda, uygun olmayan nem kosullarindaki toprak islemelerine bagli toprak strukturundeki bozulmalari azaltmak icin, arastirma alani topraklarinin toprak isleme zamanindaki nem icerikleri dikkate alinarak toprak isleme yapilmasi gerektigi onerilmektedir.

Bursa’da plum pox virus (Şarka)'ün yaygınlığının ve genetik çeşitliliğinin belirlenmesi

Plum pox virus (PPV) tarafindan olusturulan Şarka hastaligi, sert cekirdekli meyve turlerinin en onemli viral hastaligi olarak gorulmektedir. Son yillarda yapilan nukleotid dizileme calismalari ile PPV'nin Turkiye’de sehir merkezi ev bahcelerinde sanildigindan daha fazla yayginlik ve genetik cesitlilik gosterdigi belirlenmistir. Ev bahceleri Turkiye tipi PPV-D ve PPV-T irklari ile bulasik iken, kapama bahceler Avrupa tipi PPV-M irki ile bulasiktir. Bursa ili Turkiye’de onemli bir seftali ve fidan uretim bolgesi olup, ayni zamanda Avrupa’dan gelen fidanlarin Turkiye icinde dagitim merkezidir. Bu nedenle iyi izlenmesi gereken bir ildir. Bu calismada, Bursa ilinde surveyler yapilmis, tespit edilen PPV-pozitif orneklere ait izolatlar, Turkiye’nin diger bolgelerinde ve Avrupa'da PPV izolatlari ile karsilastirilmistir. Bursa ili ve civarinda, 50 kapama bahceden 118 ornek DASI-ELISA ve RT-PCR yontemleri ile test edilmis, 32 bahceden alinan 64 ornek pozitif bulunmustur. Bu orneklerin 664 nt uzunlugunda P3-6K1 bolgesi ve 969 nt uzunlugunda CT-3’UTR bolgesi dizilenmis, GenBank'a kayitli 200 adet izolat ile birlikte analiz edilmistir. Otuz seftali bahcesinden alinan 56 izolatin, Turkiye kapama bahcelerinde tespit edilen Avrupa PPV-M izolati oldugu belirlenmistir. Bursa’da iki erik bahcesinden alinan 8 adet izolat ise PPV-D olarak tespit edilmis olup, bu izolatlar Turkiye tipi PPV-D izolatlari ile ayni grupta yer almistir. Sonuc itibariyle, Bursa kapama seftali bahcelerinin Avrupa tipi PPV-M ile yaygin olarak bulasik oldugu ve bu izolatlarin PPV’nin yeni giris yaptigi Aydin, Denizli, Canakkale, Isparta ve Kayseri illeri kapama bahce izolatlari ile yakin genetik benzerlik gosterdigi belirlenmistir. Bu sonuc, PPV-M irkinin Turkiye’de yayilmasinda, Bursa-Turkiye uzerinden olan fidan trafiginin rolune isaret etmistir.

Analyses of drought in Eastern Mediterranean basin with era-interim data

Meteorolojik kuraklik, kuresel bir dogal afet olarak bilinmekle birlikte, ekonomik ve cevresel olarak onemli etkileri bulunmaktadir. Turkiye’nin de icerisinde bulundugu Dogu Akdeniz Havzasi, yagis azliginin beraberinde getirdigi kuraklik olaylari ile bas basa kalmakta ve cesitli problemler yasamaktadir. Tum bu problemler yagis olcumunun olmadigi alanlarda daha sikintili hale gelmektedir. Bu nedenle, kuraklik siddetinin eksiksiz takibi ve gozlemi ozellikle insan sagliginin korunmasi ve ekonomik kayiplarin onlenmesi acisindan cok onemlidir. Kurakliga yonelik en etkili analiz yontemlerinden birisi olan Standart Yagis Indeksi (SPI) yontemi yagis olcum verilerini gerektirmektedir. Bu ise yagis veri setinin olmadigi alanlarda yontemi sikintili hale getirmekte ve gridli verilerin onemini ortaya koymaktadir. Bu calismada, Dogu Akdeniz Havzasi’nda (20°N – 45°N, 10°E – 60°E) 2015 yili icin SPI yontemi kullanilarak tum alanda kuraklik analizi yapilmistir. ERA-Interim verileri ile 2000-2015 peryoduna ait yillik (12 aylik) SPI haritalari alansal olarak hazirlanmis ve degerlendirilmistir. Elde edilen sonuclarda, 2000 yilinda Balkan ulkeleri, Turkmenistan ve Turkiye’nin bati bolgelerinde; 2008 yilinda Turkiye, Iran ve Turkmenistan bolgesinde ve 2010 yilinda ise Iran ve Arabistan yarimadasi uzerinde negatif SPI degerleri (kurak) hesaplanmistir. 2009, 2010 ve 2014 yillarinda ise Turkiye ve Balkan ulkelerinde pozitif SPI degerleri (nemli) hesaplanmistir. Sonuclar bolgede kurakligin yildan yila degistigini ve yagis rejimindeki degisgenligi net bir sekilde gostermektedir. Bunun yaninda, kuraklik iklim degisikliginin bitkisel uretim uzerindeki en onemli olumsuz etkisi olarak on plana cikmaktadir. Turkiye’de kurakligin yasandigi 2004, 2007, 2008 ve 2013 yillarinda bitkisel verimlilikler incelenmistir. Ele alinan yillar ve bitkiler bazinda yapilan kuraklik-verim degerlendirmelerinde kuraklik yasanan donemlerde bitkisel verimlilikte %30’lara varan oranlarda azalislar tespit edilmistir.

Determination of prevalence and genetic diversity of plum pox virus (sharka) in peach orchards in Bursa

THE EFFECTS OF SEDATIVE AGENTS USED IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT ON QT INTERVAL

Objective: The aim of this research is the effects of sedative drugs which are used on intensive care unit (ICU) patients on QT interval. Materials and Methods: After ethics committee and patient’s relative’s approval, 90 patients who are age of 30-90 hospitalized at ICU due to respiratory insufficiency and connected to mechanic ventilator. Only patients that have sedative requirement were included in this research. Patients that have instabil hemodynamia, acquired or congenital long QT syndrome, electrolyte imbalance and patients that have anticholinergic, antiarythmic, vasopressor, vasodilatator and hypotensive drug treatments were not included in the research. Also, patients that haven’t the relative’s approval were not included in the research. Patients that have conscious changes, hemodynamic instability, endotracheal tube changing requirement, anticholinergic, antiarythmic, vasopressor and vasodilatator drug requirement during the research were removed from the research. After the respiratory and cardiac monitorizations were enabled on patient with respiratory insufficiency in ICU, 12 derivations ECG’s were recorded, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP), mean arterial blood pressure(MABP), heart rate(HR) and peripheric oxygen saturation (SpO2) values were recorded simultaneously. These values were used as base. At 1st and 12th hours of sedation (midazolam, propofol or dexmedetomidin), 12 derivations ECG’s were recorded and again, SBP, DBP, MABP, HR and SpO2 values were recorded. ECG’s were recorded at the speed of 25mm/s and at the height of 1 mV. Among the derivations in ECG recordings, the longest QT interval was measured by 2 anesthesiologists who don’t know the groups and by measuring the RR interval on the same derivation, QTc (corrected QT) interval was measured with Bazzet formula .(QTc=QT intervali / √ RR interval) .Measured QT and QTc values were recorded. Results: Among the groups, there was no difference in terms of age, Glasgow Coma Scale and sex. (p>0,05). When the effect of sedation type on HR, MABP and SpO2 was investigated, there was no significant difference in terms of HR, MABP, SpO2 at 0th and 1st hours among different sedative drugs (p>0,05). When HR’s at 12th hour were evaluated, HR at dexmedetomidin group was lower than both midazolam and propofol groups’ HR and this was statistically significant (p 0,05). For QT interval; dexmedetomidin prolonged the interval more than the other 2 agents both at 1st and 12th hours and this was statistically significant (p<0,05). There was statistically significant difference in QT intervals between propofol and midazolam groups at 12th hours (p<0,05). When QTc intervals were evaluated; only QTc values at 12th hour were different between different sedative agents and the QTc values in these groups belong to these different sedative agents were different each other and this was statistically different (p<0,05). Dexmedetomidin prolonged QTc mostly however propofol shows favorable efficacy by shortening the QTc interval. Conclusion: Monitorization is necessary for using sedative agents in ICU because these agents can cause cardiac and respiratory changes. Dexmedetomidin is superior to propofol because it causes less hypotension. In our opinion, propofol is a good alternative sedative agent for dexmedetomidin and midazolam in patients with long QT interval because it shortens the QT interval however dexmedetomidin and midazolam can cause cardiac arrhythmia by prolonging QT interval. When making drug choice for sedation in ICU, patient’s clinical situation, hemodynamic parameters and cardiac monitorization must be considered. Keywords: Propofol, midazolam, dexmedetomidine, sedation, QT interval.