* Correspondence: [email protected]
In this present work, we present the concept of a crossed module over generalized groups and we call it a “generalized crossed module”. We also define a generalized group-groupoid. Furthermore, we show that the category of generalized crossed modules is equivalent to that of generalized group-groupoids whose object sets are abelian generalized group.
Background/aim: Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) may pose a risk for wound complications. All technical aspects of IORT regarding early wound complications were evaluated. Materials and methods: Ninety-three consecutive patients operated on with the same surgical technique and given (study group) or not given (control group) IORT were included. Wound complications were evaluated in two groups. Results: Forty-three patients were treated with boost dose IORT and 50 patients were treated with breast-conserving surgery without IORT. When both groups were compared in terms of early postoperative complications, there were 11 (25.5%) patients with seroma in the IORT group and 3 patients (6%) in the control group (P = 0.04). While 9 (21%) patients were seen to have surgical site infection (SSI) in the IORT group, there was 1 (2%) SSI in the control group (P = 0.005). There were 15 (35%) patients with delayed wound healing in the IORT group and 4 patients (8%) in the control group (P = 0.006). Conclusion: IORT could have a negative effect on seroma formation, SSI, and delayed healing. It should be kept in mind, however, that in centers with IORT implementation, the complication rate could also increase. Necessary measures for better sterilization in the operating room should be taken, while patient wound healing should be monitored closely.
Background/aim: The aim of this study was to perform morphometric analysis of the foramen magnum (FM) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods: This study included CBCT images of 190 individuals (88 males and 102 females). The sagittal and transverse diameters and circumference of the FM were measured. The shape of FM was classified as round, hexagonal, oval, egg-shaped, tetragonal, pentagonal, irregular A, and irregular B. The data were statistically analyzed with chi-square and t-tests to assess the level of significance for sex and age. Results: The means of its sagittal and transverse diameters and also circumference were higher in males than in females. Statistically significant differences were found between males and females for all variables (P < 0.05). No statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) was found between age groups for all variables. The round type was the most common, in 21.6% of the patients. Conclusion: CBCT images can provide valuable information regarding FM and the measurements of its sagittal and transvers diameters and also its circumference may be reliably used for sexual dimorphism in anthropometric analysis and forensic medicine.
Apricot (Prunus armeniaca) is an important fruit crop worldwide. We have performed a de novo transcriptome assembly for 7 apricot accessions (`Stark Early Orange' (SEO), `Hacihaliloglu' (HH), `Perfection', `Igdir', `Roxana', `Esen1', and `Esen2'), which yielded a total number of transcripts ranging from 30,363 for `SEO' to 59,751 for `Igdir'. The pool of the reads produced from 7 accessions were assembled into 85,766 transcripts, with an average of 1165.69 nt. Functional annotation (Gene Ontology- GO and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes- KEGG) was performed successfully for the transcripts. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were searched in the transcript pool and 14,722 di-, tri- tetra-, penta-, and hexanucleotide motif loci with a minimum of 5 repetitions for all motifs were identified. Primers were designed for 206 loci, and 72 of them were found to be polymorphic by amplifying diverse 24 apricot accessions, including 7 Plum Pox Virus (PPV)-resistant and 17 PPV-susceptible accessions. In order to test the amplification success of publicly available genomic SSRs (gSSRs) for diverse apricot accessions, an additional 88 published Prunus gSSRs were characterized amplifying the same 24 apricots and only 54 (62%) produced polymorphic bands. The new EST-SSRs could be a reliable source of primers for characterization and mapping studies of apricots, especially because they mostly flank easily scorable tri- and tetranucleotide repeats.
In this paper we study the structure of specific linear codes called DNA codes. The first attempts on studying such codes have been proposed over four element rings which are naturally matched with DNA four letters. Later, double (pair) DNA strings or more general \begin{document} $k$ \end{document} -DNA strings called \begin{document} $k$ \end{document} -mers have been matched with some special rings and codes over such rings with specific properties are studied. However, these matchings in general are not straightforward and because of the fact that the reverse of the codewords ( \begin{document} $k$ \end{document} -mers) need to exist in the code, the matching problem is difficult and it is referred to as the reversibility problem. Here, \begin{document} $8$ \end{document} -mers (DNA 8-bases) are matched with the ring elements of \begin{document} $R_{16}=F_{16}+uF_{16}+vF_{16}+uvF_{16}.$ \end{document} Furthermore, cyclic codes over the ring \begin{document} $R_{16}$ \end{document} where the multiplication is taken to be noncommutative with respect to an automorphism \begin{document} $\theta$ \end{document} are studied. The preference on the skewness is shown to be very useful and practical especially since this serves as a direct solution to the reversibility problem compared to the commutative approaches.
Ideal positioning and best coverage of the tibial base plate are essential in total knee arthroplasty. There are 2 types of tibial base plates: symmetric and asymmetric. The superiority of one to the other is still controversial. The aim of this study was to compare symmetric and asymmetric tibial base plates for total knee arthroplasty in terms of rotational alignment and coverage.
Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a common complication of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) and is associated with high mortality and morbidity and long hospital stay in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The Syntax Score (SS) has previously been studied in STEMI patients, and it was associated with increased CIN development and long-term mortality. This study investigates a possible relationship between CIN development and Syntax Score II (SSII) and compares SS and SSII by assessing CIN risk in STEMI patients treated with pPCI.