Cyclic Dinucleotides in Oral Bacteria and in Oral Biofilms

Oral cavity acts as a reservoir of bacterial pathogens for systemic infections and several oral microorganisms have been linked to systemic diseases. Quorum sensing and cyclic dinucleotides, two “decision-making” signaling systems, communicate to regulate physiological process in bacteria. Discovery of cyclic dinucleotides has a long history, but the progress in our understanding of how cyclic dinucleotides regulate bacterial lifestyle is relatively new. Oral microorganisms form some of the most intricate biofilms, yet c-di-GMP, and c-di-AMP signaling have been rarely studied in oral biofilms. Recent studies demonstrated that, with the aid of bacterial messenger molecules and their analogs, it is possible to activate host innate and adaptive immune responses and epithelial integrity with a dose that is relevant to inhibit bacterial virulence mechanisms, such as fimbriae and exopolysaccharide production, biofilm formation, and host cell invasion. The aim of this perspective article is to present available information on cyclic dinucleotides in oral bacteria and in oral biofilms. Moreover, technologies that can be used to detect cyclic dinucleotides in oral biofilms are described. Finally, directions for future research are highlighted.

Novel Electrodeposited Ni-B/Y2O3 Composite Coatings with Improved Properties

Ni-B/Y2O3 composite coatings were developed through an electrodeposition process to study the effect of addition of Y2O3 particles on structure, surface, thermal, mechanical, and anticorrosion properties of Ni-B coatings. It is revealed that parent crystal structure of Ni-B matrix is preserved by addition of Y2O3, however, a noticeable improvement in crystallinity is observed. The analysis of the surface exhibits formation of dense and nodular deposits in the two types of coatings, but incorporation of Y2O3 particles in Ni-B matrix has resulted in a noteworthy change in grain size and surface roughness. Thermal analysis of the surfaces indicates that Ni-B-Y2O3 composite coatings demonstrate superior thermal stability compared to Ni-B coatings. The nanoindentation analysis shows a significant enhancement in the mechanical characteristics of the Ni-B matrix by addition of Y2O3 particles. This may be contemplated as the result of grain refinement and dispersion hardening of the Ni-B matrix by the presence of hard Y2O3 particles. A decent improvement in the corrosion protection efficiency (73.6%) is also observed by addition of Y2O3 particles into Ni-B matrix. Simultaneous improvement of mechanical and anticorrosion properties suggests potential applications of Ni-B-Y2O3 coatings in oil and gas, automobile, and many other industries

Some Special Curves and Mannheim Curves in Three Dimensional Euclidean Space

Sclerodermatous Skin: An Immunohistochemical Study

Food Safety and Climate Change: Seasonality and Emerging Food Borne Pathogens

The future consequences of climate change and its impact on food safety is still not clear due to many variations and uncertanities. It is obvious that seasonal distribution and incidence of campylobacteriosis, salmonellosis and vero-toxigenic Escherichia coli borne diseases are increasing as the environmental temperature increases. This review summarizes the studies and data acquired about the relationship of climate change and emerging food borne diseases. Globalisation triggered a change in socio-economical life style which affects touristic activities, food consumption, agricultural tendecies and changing demands. Additionally, changes in global trade including fair trade cause a globalization of local kitchens.

Multiple Myeloma with Skin and Breast Involvement: A Case Report

Multiple myeloma; that constitutes 10% of all hematologic malignancies and approximately 1% of whole cancers, is a plasma cell dyscrasia. Extramedullary involvement is often seen in the upper skeletal system, besides it can be seen on the skin and breast, rarely. Extramedullary involvement is generally limited to a single organ. In this article, we present a 70-year-old woman with recurrent skin and breast involvement after multiple treatment with MM diagnosis.

Para Vakıfları Kapsamında Sosyo-Ekonomik Bir Analiz: Davudpaşa Mahkemesi Kayıtları (1634-1911)

Çalışmada para vakıflarının ekonomik işleyişi ve sosyal hayata katkıları incelenmiş, uygulama alanı olarak İstanbul Davudpaşa Mahkemesi sicil kayıtları seçilmiştir. Konunun Davudpaşa Mahkemesi kayıtlarıyla sınırlandırılması kendi içinde bir bütün oluşturabilme isteğidir. Bu kapsamda mahkeme tarafından 1634-1911 yılları arasında onaylanan para vakıfları ilk kaynağından incelenmiştir. Öncelikle siciller arasında bulunan 261 vakfiye değerlendirilmiş, konuya uygun olan 203 tanesi seçilmiştir. Seçilen vakfiyelerde vâkıflarca yerine getirilmesi istenilen şartlar, mümkün olduğunca sayısal verilere çevrilmiştir. Sonrasında, bu bilgiler tarih dönemlerine ayrılarak değerlendirilmiş ve günün sosyo-ekonomik koşulları ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Para vakıflarıyla ilgili yapılan çalışmalarda her ne kadar vakfiyeler kullanılmış olsa da konu, ağırlıklı olarak vakıf muhasebe kayıtları ve hüccetlerden hareketle ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışmada direkt vakfiyelerin kullanılması para vakıflarının kurulma amaçlarının anlaşılmasına yardımcı olurken diğer taraftan yapılmış olan hayır işlerinin kapsamını görmeye olanak sağlamıştır. Ayrıca araştırma başlıklarında, kadınların kurdukları vakıflar ve yardımlaşma sandıkları hakkında bilgiler de bulunmaktadır. Sonuç olarak çalışma, Davudpaşa Mahkemesi Sicilleri özelinde 277 yıl boyunca para vakıflarının işleyişini, değişim ve dönüşüm aşamalarını anlama gayretinden ibarettir.

INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY EDAS METHOD: AN APPLICATION TO SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL SITE SELECTION

Evaluation based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) is a new multicriteria decision making (MCDM) method, which is based on the distances of alternatives from the average scores of attributes. Classical EDAS has been already extended by using ordinary fuzzy sets in case of vague and incomplete data. In this paper, we propose an interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy EDAS method, which is based on the data belonging to membership, nonmembership, and hesitance degrees. A sensitivity analysis is also given to show how robust decisions are obtained through the proposed intuitionistic fuzzy EDAS. The proposed intuitionistic fuzzy EDAS method is applied to the evaluation of solid waste disposal site selection alternatives. The comparative and sensitivity analyses are also included.SIN FINANCIACIÓN0.635 JCR (2016) Q4, 215/229 Environmental StudiesUE

Impact of interleukin 28B rs12979860 C/T polymorphism on severity of disease and response to treatment in hepatitis delta

Pegylated-interferon alpha (Peg-IFN α) is the therapy most commonly used to treat chronic hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection. In the present study, we planned to investigate effect of IL28B polymorphism on response to Peg-IFN α therapy and disease progression in patients with chronic HDV.

Psora taurensis ( Psoraceae , Lecanorales ), a new lichen species from Turkey

Herein we describe the new species, Psora taurensis , from two localities in the Taurus Mountains in Turkey at ca. 1000 m altitude. Investigations of anatomy, secondary chemistry and DNA sequences (ITS and mtSSU ) of P. taurensis and presumed close relatives suggest that P. taurensis is a distinct evolutionary lineage with P. tenuifolia as its sister, although it is morphologically more similar to P. russellii and P. vallesiaca .