Impaired toll like receptor-7 and 9 induced immune activation in chronic spinal cord injured patients contributes to immune dysfunction

Reduced immune activation or immunosuppression is seen in patients withneurological diseases. Urinary and respiratory infections mainly manifested as septicemia and pneumonia are the most frequent complications following spinal cord injuries and they account for the majority of deaths. The underlying reason of these losses is believed to arise due to impaired immune responses to pathogens. Here, we hypothesized that susceptibility to infections of chronic spinal cord injured (SCI) patients might be due to impairment in recognition of pathogen associated molecular patterns and subsequently declining innate and adaptive immune responses that lead to immune dysfunction. We tested our hypothesis on healthy and chronic SCI patients with a level of injury above T-6. Donor PBMCs were isolated and stimulated with different toll like receptor ligands and T-cell inducers aiming to investigate whether chronic SCI patients display differential immune activation to multiple innate and adaptive immune cell stimulants. We demonstrate that SCI patients' B-cell and plasmacytoid dendritic cells retain their functionality in response to TLR7 and TLR9 ligand stimulation as they secreted similar levels of IL6 and IFNα. The immune dysfunction is not probably due to impaired T-cell function, since neither CD4 + T-cell dependent IFNγ producing cell number nor IL10 producing regulatory T-cells resulted different outcomes in response to PMA-Ionomycin and PHA-LPS stimulation, respectively. We showed that TLR7 dependent IFNγ and IP10 levels and TLR9 mediated APC function reduced substantially in SCI patients compared to healthy subjects. More importantly, IP10 producing monocytes were significantly fewer compared to healthy subjects in response to TLR7 and TLR9 stimulation of SCI PBMCs. When taken together this work implicated that these defects could contribute to persistent complications due to increased susceptibility to infections of chronic SCI patients.

Partial spleen embolization reduces the risk of portal hypertension-induced upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients not eligible for TIPS implantation

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a severe and life-threatening complication among patients with portal hypertension (PH). Covered transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is the treatment of choice for patients with refractory or recurrent UGIB despite pharmacological and endoscopic therapy. In some patients, TIPS implantation is not possible due to co-morbidity or vascular disorders. Spleen embolization (SE) may be a promising alternative in this setting. Materials and methods We retrospectively analyzed 9 patients with PH-induced UGIB who underwent partial SE between 2012 and 2016. All patients met the following criteria: (i) upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage with primary or secondary failure of endoscopic interventions and (ii) TIPS implantation not possible. Each patient was followed for at least 6 months after embolization. Results Five patients (56%) suffered from cirrhotic PH, 4 patients (44%) from non-cirrhotic PH. UGIB occured in terms of refractory hemorrhage from gastric varices (3/9; 33%), hemorrhage from esophageal varices (3/9; 33%), and finally, hemorrhage from portal-hypertensive gastropathy (3/9; 33%). None of the patients treated with partial SE experienced re-bleeding episodes or required blood transfusions during a total follow-up time of 159 months, including both patients with cirrhotic- and non-cirrhotic PH. Discussion Partial SE, as a minimally invasive intervention with low procedure-associated complications, may be a valuable alternative for patients with recurrent PH-induced UGIB refractory to standard therapy.

Technical Stability and Biological Variability in MicroRNAs from Dried Blood Spots: A Lung Cancer Therapy-Monitoring Showcase

BACKGROUND Different work flows have been proposed to use miRNAs as blood-borne biomarkers. In particular, the method used for collecting blood from patients can considerably influence the diagnostic results. METHODS We explored whether dried blood spots (DBSs) facilitate stable miRNA measurements and compared its technical stability with biological variability. First, we tested the stability of DBS samples by generating from 1 person 18 whole-genome-wide miRNA profiles of DBS samples that were exposed to different temperature and humidity conditions. Second, we investigated technical reproducibility by performing 7 replicates of DBS again from 1 person. Third, we investigated DBS samples from 53 patients with lung cancer undergoing different therapies. Across these 3 stages, 108 genome-wide miRNA profiles from DBS were generated and evaluated biostatistically. RESULTS In the stability analysis, we observed that temperature and humidity had an overall limited influence on the miRNomes (average correlation between the different conditions of 0.993). Usage of a silica gel slightly diminished DBS' technical reproducibility. The 7 technical replicates had an average correlation of 0.996. The correlation with whole-blood PAXGene miRNomes of the same individual was remarkable (correlation of 0.88). Finally, evaluation of the samples from the 53 patients with lung cancer exposed to different therapies showed that the biological variations exceeded the technical variability significantly (P < 0.0001), yielding 51 dysregulated miRNAs. CONCLUSIONS We present a stable work flow for profiling of whole miRNomes on the basis of samples collected from DBS. Biological variations exceeded technical variations significantly. DBS-based miRNA profiles will potentially further the translational character of miRNA biomarker studies.

Distal humerus kaynamamaları

SANAT TERAPİSİ YÖNTEMİNİN VE TEKNİKLERİNİN SAĞLIK - İYİLEŞTİRME GÜCÜ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ

Öğrenmede bulut bilişim ve eğitsel Google uygulamaları

Examination of correlation among reaction time, strength, and flexibility of sedentary and athletes in different branches<p>Farklı branşlarda yer alan sporcular ve sedanterlerde bazı biomotor özellikler ve reaksiyon zamanı arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi

The purpose of this study was to contribute to the selection of talent by determining which parameters are more important for which branch between sports branches and how sports activities of different kinds and sedentary life affect some of the motoric characteristics found in the physiological structure of the human being. Adult athletes who have been sporting for at least three years and still actively engaged in sports and adult sedentary groups have participated in the study. Totally 212 participants that 157 were male and 55 were female, 119 of them were athletes and 93 were sedentary. All subjects voluntarily participating in the tests were subjected to a simple reaction time test (right hand and left hand), right and left claw, back and leg strength tests and flexibility (sit and reach) tests, respectively. Independent t-test was used for binary comparisons of data obtained and One-Way ANOVA was used to multiple comparisons. It was found that there was a statistically difference between both male-female athletes and sedentary male and females’ mean values of the right hand reaction time and values of claw-back and leg strength (p 0,05). While there was a significant difference between sedentary and athletes’ means of reaction time, claw-back-leg strength and flexibility values (p 0,05). Sporcu ve sedanter bireylerde reaksiyon zamani, el kavrama, sirt-bacak kuvveti ve esneklik degerleri ortalamalari arasinda anlamli farkliliklar gorulurken (p<0.05), tum degerler anlamli bulunmakla birlikte reaksiyon zamani ve kuvvet olcumleri ile esneklik degerleri sporcularda daha iyi bulundu. Cesitli branslardaki sporcularin reaksiyon zamani, el kavrama-sirt-bacak kuvveti ve esneklik degerleri ortalamalarinda ise tum degerlerde branslar arasi anlamli farkliliklarin oldugu tespit edildi (p<0,05). Sonuc olarak farkli turde yapilan sportif aktivitelerin insan vucudundaki motorik ozelliklerin gelistirilmesinde onemli bir etken oldugu ve bu nedenle sporda yetenek secimi yapilirken belirtilen farkliliklara dikkat edilmesinin onemli oldugu dusunulmektedir.

Analysis of PISA 2012 results in terms of some variables<p>PISA 2012 sonuçlarının bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi

This study is performed to determine personal and environmental factors that affect students’ success according to PISA 2012 results. 4848 student data obtained from PISA 2012 database were used in the research. To measure the effects of personal and environmental factors on students' success in mathematics, science and reading skills, binarylogistic regression analysis was used. At the end of the research, it is concluded that the variables such as attendance in preschool, age to start school, mother education status, father education status, number of computers and books in the house are found to be effective. In science and reading skills, it is found that attendance at preschool, age to start school, mother’s work status, educational status of mother and father, and number of computer and books at home affect student success. Mother’s work status and start school at have negative affect on student success. On the other hand, continuing to kindergarten, high educational status of parents', a large number of books and computers at home affects student success positively. As a result, it is determined that the socio-cultural environment in which the student is located has an effect on the success. Extended English abstract is in the end of Full Text  PDF (TURKISH)  file . Ozet Bu calisma PISA 2012 sonuclarina gore ogrencilerin basarilarina etki eden kisisel ve cevresel faktorlerin belirlenmesi amaciyla yapilmistir.Arastirmada PISA 2012 veritabanindan elde edilen 4848 ogrenciye ait veriler kullanilmistir. Ogrencilere ait kisisel ve cevresel faktorlerin matematik, fen ve okuma becerileri basarisina etkilerini olcmek icin ikili lojistik regresyon analizi kullanilmistir. Arastirma sonunda matematik dersi basarisinda okula baslama yasi, annenin calismasi, baba egitim durumu, evdeki bilgisayar ve kitap sayisi degiskenlerinin etkili oldugu sonucuna ulasilmistir. Fen ve okuma becerileri basarisinda ise anaokuluna devam etme, okula baslama yasi, annenin calisma durumu, anne ve babanin egitim durumlari ve evdeki bilgisayar ve kitap sayilarinin ogrenci basarisina etki ettigi bulunmustur. Annenin calismasi ve okula baslamayasinin yuksek olmasi ogrenci basarisina olumsuz etki yapmaktadir. Diger taraftan anaokuluna devam etme, anne ve babanin egitim durumlarinin yuksek olmasi, evdeki kitap ve bilgisayar sayisinin cok olmasi ogrenci basarisini olumlu etkilemektedir. Sonuc olarak, ogrencinin bulundugu sosyo-kulturelve cevre faktorlerininogrenci basarisi uzerinde etkili oldugu belirlenmistir.

Relationship between Attitudes of Multicultural Education and Perceptions Regarding Cultural Effect of Globalization

Aortic propagation velocity does not correlate with classical aortic stiffness parameters in healthy individuals

Aortic stiffness is an important cardiovascular risk marker, which can be determined using different noninvasive techniques. Aortic propagation velocity (APV) has recently been established as a novel echocardiographic parameter of aortic stiffness. This study aimed to investigate the association between APV and the classical echocardiography-derived aortic stiffness parameters, aortic distensibility (AD) and aortic strain (AS), in a group of otherwise healthy individuals.