An experimental investigation of the load distribution of splined joints under gear loading conditions

Splined joints are commonly used to transmit rotary motion from a shaft to machine elements such as gears. While computationally efficient spline load distribution models have recently been proposed, there is no validated load distribution model of a splined joint due to lack of high-fidelity experimental data. Accordingly, this study aims to establish an extensive experimental database on load distributions of splined joints subject to both spur and helical gear loading conditions. A quasi-static, spline-specific test setup is developed and instrumented. A test matrix covering various loading conditions is executed in order to form a spline load distribution database. The experimental data illustrates the cyclic nature of loads and resultant stresses on spline teeth caused by rotation of the spline teeth in relation to the gear mesh that loads the splined joint. A nonlinear relationship between torque applied and resultant stress is revealed, as well as the relationship between the location of maximum stress along the face width and the amount of lead crown modification applied. Lastly, simulation results from the model of Hong et al. (2014b) are compared to the experimental data under spur and helical gear loading conditions to assess the premise of such models.

AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE LOAD DISTRIBUTION OF SPLINED JOINTS UNDER GEAR LOADING CONDITIONS

New-generation Jeffamine® D230 core amine, TRIS and carboxylterminated PAMAM dendrimers: Synthesis, characterization and the solubility application for a model NSAID drug Ibuprofen

New-generation Jeffamine® D230 core amine, TRIS and carboxyl-terminated PAMAM dendrimers: Synthesis, characterization and the solubility application for a model NSAID drug Ibuprofen

Many therapeutically active drugs are poor water soluble and, therefore, bioavailability of these molecules in the living cells is low and a major problem. In this study, new-generation Jeffamine ® D230 core, amine (NH 2 ), Tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (TRIS), and carboxyl (COOH) terminated poly(amidoamine) PAMAM dendrimers (PAMAMs) were synthesized. Synthesized new-generation PAMAMs were characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, ATR-FTIR, and investigated as solubility enhancer of a sample non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) Ibuprofen (IBU). The effect of generation size (D2-D4), concentration (0-2.0 mM), and surface functional group (NH 2 , COOH, TRIS) of the synthesized new-generation PAMAMs on the aqueous solubility of IBU was also investigated. The observed solubility enhancement of IBU was in the order of D4.COOH (18.21 mg/mL)> D3.COOH (13.21 mg/mL)> D4.TRIS (10.30 mg/mL)> D2.COOH (8.55 mg/mL)> D3.TRIS (6.04 mg/mL)> D4.NH 2 (4.56 mg/mL)> D3.NH 2 (3.36 mg/mL)> D2.TRIS (2.42 mg/mL)> D2.NH 2 (1.86 mg/mL). Results showed that synthesized PAMAMs improved the solubility of IBU significantly (30 to 247-fold) with an increasing generation size, and concentration

KAZAK TİYATROSUNDAKİ FOLKLORİK KAHRAMANLARIN BATI TİYATROSUNDAKİ KAHRAMANLARLA BENZERLİĞİ

Yazili edebiyatin butun turlerinde oldugu gibi, tiyatro turunun olusup gelismesinde de halk edebiyati urunleri onemli bir yer tutmaktadir. Kazak tiyatrosunun olusup gelismesinde de bu durum gecerlidir. Kazak tiyatro yazarlari, oncelikle halkin sozlu kulturunde yasayan zengin malzemeyi kullanarak repertuar olusturmuslardir. Kazak tiyatro yazarlari, ilk tiyatro eserlerini yazarken, Bati klasik tiyatrosunun guclu eserlerinden de faydalanmislardir. Ancak Kazak tiyatro yazarlari, Bati tiyatro eserlerini sekil olarak ornek alirken, icerikte Kazak folklorik kahramanlarini esas alarak kendi milli tiyatro kahramanlarini olusturmayi da basarmislardir. Bu calismada, Bati klasik tiyatrolarindaki kahramanlar ile Kazak tiyatro kahramanlari karsilastirilarak Kazak tiyatro yazarlarinin tip derecesine ulasan kahraman yaratmadaki gucu ortaya konulmustur. Kazak sozlu edebiyatinin urunleri esas alinarak yazilan Kazak dramalarinda, kahramanlarin Bati klasik tiyatrolarindaki taninmis kahramanlar ile benzer olmalari, Kazak yazarlarin ozellikle gosterdikleri bir ugrastan ve “taklit” etmekten kaynaklanmamaktadir. Makalede bu sekilde tip derecesine ulasan kahramanlarin Kazak edebiyatinda da zaten olgunlasmis bir sekilde var olduklari, Kazak tiyatrosundaki folklorik kahramanlar uzerinden ortaya konulmustur.

Humik Asit Uygulamalarının Nohutta Verim Bileşenleri Üzerine Etkileri

Incomplete Isolated C7 Root Injury Caused by Gunshot Wound: A Case Report

Gunshot wounds to the spine cause severe neurological and/or internal organs damages. Although most of publications in the literature are realized on military injuries, increased civilian arming which raises civilian gunshot injuries is a new social danger causing serious health problems. In gunshot injuries to the spine; vertebral column, spinal cord and nerve roots are damaged with direct, indirect and transient cavitation related mechanisms. In this case report, we present 24 years old male patient who had severe pain and monoparesis in left upper extremity followed by gunshot injury to the spine with clinical, radiological and postoperative follow-up findings.

Dr. Kahraman is Among the 100 Prominent Turkish scientists contributing to world science

Direct coupling of tomography and ptychography

A generalization of the ptychographic phase problem is presented for recovering refractive properties of a three-dimensional object in a tomography setting. This approach, which ignores the lateral overlapping probe requirements in existing ptychography algorithms, can enable the reconstruction of objects using highly flexible acquisition patterns and pave the way for sparse and rapid data collection with lower radiation exposure.

Spatial organization of the budding yeast genome in the cell nucleus and identification of specific chromatin interactions from multi-chromosome constrained chromatin model

Nuclear landmarks and biochemical factors play important roles in the organization of the yeast genome. The interaction pattern of budding yeast as measured from genome-wide 3C studies are largely recapitulated by model polymer genomes subject to landmark constraints. However, the origin of inter-chromosomal interactions, specific roles of individual landmarks, and the roles of biochemical factors in yeast genome organization remain unclear. Here we describe a multi-chromosome constrained self-avoiding chromatin model (mC-SAC) to gain understanding of the budding yeast genome organization. With significantly improved sampling of genome structures, both intra- and inter-chromosomal interaction patterns from genome-wide 3C studies are accurately captured in our model at higher resolution than previous studies. We show that nuclear confinement is a key determinant of the intra-chromosomal interactions, and centromere tethering is responsible for the inter-chromosomal interactions. In addition, important genomic elements such as fragile sites and tRNA genes are found to be clustered spatially, largely due to centromere tethering. We uncovered previously unknown interactions that were not captured by genome-wide 3C studies, which are found to be enriched with tRNA genes, RNAPIII and TFIIS binding. Moreover, we identified specific high-frequency genome-wide 3C interactions that are unaccounted for by polymer effects under landmark constraints. These interactions are enriched with important genes and likely play biological roles.