Experimental Characterization and Finite Element Correlation of Rotor Stress\Strain for a High-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine

A higher machine speed is an enabling factor in achieving a higher power density. However, higher speed poses a challenge to the structural integrity of the rotor, as the centrifugal force acting on the rotor increases quadratically with speed. This high stress may lead to failure in the rotor ribs and bridges of an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (IPMSM). This paper presents a high-speed rotor strain measurement experimental setup that uses strain gauges and a telemetry system to measure strain at critical locations of the IPMSM rotor up to 18,000 rpm. Strain measurements are conducted at both room and high temperature to emulate the operating conditions of a high-speed machine. The measured strain is then correlated with the results of the finite element analysis strain to evaluate the fidelity of the rotor stress model. Also, the effect of anisotropic mechanical properties of electric steel on rotor strain is investigated.

Thermodynamical and Optical Properties of Atmospheric pre-nucleation Cluster Containing Sea Salt, Water and Sulfuric Acid: A Density Functional Theory Study

Sea salts are one of the natural aerosols that are abundantly found in the atmosphere. Their interactions with other atmospheric molecules, particularly H 2 O and H 2 SO 4 , are important, as they can alter the chemical compositions of the atmosphere, impacting nucleation processes and aerosol growth. A comprehensive quantum-chemical study has been performed to analyse the structural stability and thermodynamics using M06-2X/6-311++G(3df,3pd) and optical characteristics with M06-2X and ωB97XD. NaCl and MgCl 2 are treated with basis set 6-311++G(3df,3pd) and aug-cc-pVTZ, while KCl is treated with def2-TZVPP. Among these, ωB97X-D/6-311++G(3df,3pd) demonstrate the best performance. A thermodynamic study reveals that these clusters have the potential to form stable clusters in the atmosphere. Analysis of cluster growth with H 2 O and H 2 SO 4 molecules suggests that the successive cluster formation is thermodynamically favourable at standard conditions. It is inferred from optical properties that a H 2 SO 4 molecule increases the Rayleigh scattering intensities more (∼200%) compared to the H 2 O molecule (∼48%). This indicates that the more H 2 SO 4 molecules in clusters, the higher contributions to the extinction properties and an enhanced cooling effect of aerosols by reflecting more sunlight to space. The anisotropy and depolarisation calculation suggests H 2 O-rich clusters have a similar trend between these parameters, and H 2 SO 4 -rich clusters do not show such a trend. By linking the molecular-scale properties of scattering to large-scale radiative effects, it can improve the representation of aerosols in climate models, ultimately reducing uncertainties in climate predictions.

Scalable Sensing-assisted Communication: Digital Twin Technologies and Experimental Study

The integration of sensing and communications has recently attracted considerable attention from both academia and industry. In line with this, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has initiated efforts to standardize Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC), which is widely seen as an important feature for 6G wireless communications. Among the emerging technologies, Radio Digital-Twin (RDT) stands out as a powerful and versatile tool for implementing scalable sensing-assisted communication. The effectiveness of an RDT hinges on its ability to maintain high fidelity and synchrony with the real world, a task in which ISAC plays a crucial role by providing live environmental data to refine and calibrate the RDT. Despite its potential, the construction and maintenance of RDTs require extensive manual efforts, facing scalability challenges. This paper presents a novel approach to RDT construction and maintenance, based on a fully automated pipeline that eliminates the need for human intervention. By using widely available maps, geographical information systems, computer vision, and wireless sensing, we have developed a method that significantly reduces the time and effort required to create and maintain RDTs. Our approach has been implemented and tested in a 5G New Radio (NR) mmWave system at Qualcomm San Diego campus, demonstrating its effectiveness in reducing device energy consumption and enhancing communication performance.

Corsair: An In-Memory Computing Chiplet Architecture for Inference-Time Compute Acceleration

Advances in generative AI (GenAI) have reinvigorated research into novel computing architectures such as Transformer. Transformer, characterized by low arithmetic intensity during most of the inference time, has become the cornerstone of GenAI underlying large language models (LLMs) and reasoning models (RMs). Numerous solutions to the intense memory bandwidth problem have been proposed. Corsair is an architecture that targets this need using chiplet design, digital in-memory computing-based matrix engine, efficient die-to-die interconnects, block floating point numerics, and large high-bandwidth on-chip memories. We describe the Corsair chiplet, scaling approaches to compose larger systems, and outline the software stack. We formulate the inference-time requirements of LLM and RM computation, memory bandwidth, memory capacity, and interconnect efficiency for scaling. We also show how the Corsair design fits perfectly these workloads. We present benchmark results from Corsair silicon that correlate strongly with the design and preview an estimate of workload-level improvements expected with Corsair.

Joint User and Beam Selection in Millimeter Wave Networks

A Systematic Analysis on the Applications of AlGaN/GaN HEMT for High Performance Sensing

HEMTs are revolutionary breakthrough in the field of sensor technology due to their high sensitivity, short response time and versatility depending upon the working environment and function. In gas sensing, HEMTs show great selectivity and sensitivity to hydrogen, ammonia and volatile organic compounds based on the highly developed surface charge modulation processes. The biosensing applications show an example of the incorporation of functionalized gate structures for improved accuracy in biomolecular binding, employed for diagnostic and monitoring purposes in clinical and environmental fields. The pH sensor design uses AlGaN/GaN hetero-structures and Au functional layers for real time and monitoring of ions and improved sensing in challenging operating conditions. Au-gated HEMTs measure pH with near-ideal sensitivity ( around 58 mV/pH) and millisecond response times across pH 2–12. These devices work reliably from cryogenic temperatures to around $500^{\circ }$ C while keeping signal-to-noise ratios above 50 dB. Due to the combined effort of material sciences and device engineering HEMT sensors have demonstrated a level of performance that creates the way for their usages in sensitive industrial, environmental and medical applications. This review presents a detailed state-of-the-art analysis of GaN HEMT based sensor applications.

First Positronium Imaging Using 44 Sc With the J-PET Scanner: A Case Study on the NEMA-Image Quality Phantom

Positronium lifetime imaging (PLI), an emerging extension of conventional positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, offers a novel window for probing the submolecular properties of biological tissues by imaging the mean lifetime of the positronium atom. Currently, the method is under rapid development in terms of reconstruction and detection systems. Recently, the first in vivo positronium lifetime imaging (PLI) of the human brain was performed using the J-PET scanner utilizing the 68Ga isotope. However, this isotope has limitations due to its comparatively low prompt gamma yields, which is crucial for positronium lifetime measurement. Among alternative radionuclides, 44Sc stands out as a promising isotope for PLI, characterized by a clinically suitable half-life (4.04 h) emitting 1157 keV prompt gamma in 100% cases after the emission of the positron. This study reports the first experimental demonstration of PLI with 44Sc, carried out on a NEMA-image quality (IQ) phantom using the Modular J-PET tomograph—the first plastic scintillators-based PET scanner.

Pharmacological prevention of peritoneal adhesions: Synergistic effects of sirolimus and prednisolone

Abstract Background Peritoneal adhesions are an important complication of abdominal surgeries, causing chronic pain, bowel obstruction, and infertility. Despite advances in surgical techniques, pharmacological prevention remains a challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of sirolimus, prednisolone, and their combination in preventing post‐operative adhesions in a rat model. Methods This was a randomised, controlled experimental study. Thirty‐three female Wistar rats were divided into five groups: control, vehicle carrier, sirolimus (0.1 mg/kg/day), prednisolone (1 mg/kg/day), and a sirolimus–prednisolone combination. Adhesions were induced by laparotomy and caecal abrasion. Adhesion severity was evaluated by macroscopic analysis (Nair classification) and microscopic analysis (Zühlke grading). Statistical analyses were performed using the chi‐square and Mann–Whitney tests, with a significance level of 5% ( P  < .05). Results The combination group was the only one with no macroscopic or microscopic adhesions ( P < .05). Both the sirolimus and prednisolone groups showed reduced adhesion severity compared with the control group. The control and vehicle carrier groups exhibited the highest incidence and severity of adhesions ( P < .05). Conclusions The combination of sirolimus and prednisolone significantly prevents post‐operative adhesions, suggesting a potential pharmacological approach to reducing adhesion‐related morbidity. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings in clinical settings and to evaluate long‐term outcomes. Clinical application should be approached with caution due to the potential immunosuppressive and wound‐healing effects of the drugs involved.

HR Unleashed!!: Developing the Differences That Make a Difference By

MRI Signatures of Parotid Tumours Impacting Management Decisions: A Retrospective Study With Radiology and Pathology Correlation

ABSTRACT Introduction Fine needle aspiration (FNA) from parotid tumour is inadequate and nondiagnostic in 8% and FNA/biopsy from deep lobe is technically challenging; hence, our first objective was to evaluate MRI findings which best predict the benign and malignant nature of parotid tumour. Our second objective was to develop MRI signatures for parotid tumour histopathologies including grades of carcinoma, to help in decision making regarding elective neck dissection. Methods Two head and neck radiologists retrospectively evaluated and developed signatures of common benign and malignant parotid tumours using morphology and signal intensity–related variables for 98 patients on MRI available in PACS from 01 January 2016 to 26 December 2022. T1 weighted image (WI), T2WI, short tau inversion recovery, diffusion WI/apparent diffusion coefficient and postcontrast T1WI sequences were evaluated. The developed MRI signatures were then validated by a blinded third radiologist. Results Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive values using MRI signatures were 92.31%, 100%, 94.23%, 100% and 81.25%, respectively, for benign and malignant nature of parotid tumours with a highly significant p ‐value (< 1e‐04). Developed MRI signatures also showed high statistical performance and significant p‐ value for parotid tumour histopathologies and grades of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC). T2 signal intensity and enhancement patterns can help identify low‐grade MEC, impacting management decisions regarding elective neck dissection. Conclusions MRI can predict the benign and malignant nature, parotid tumour histopathologies and grades of MEC when typical signatures are present, impacting management decisions.