Journals
2025 EN
Duman Mustafa Ozan · Isik Ibrahim · Isik Esme
+1 more
Abstract This study introduces a novel bacterial‐based molecular communication (BBMC) model for nanoscale information exchange, harnessing the chemotactic behavior of Escherichia coli ( E. coli ). A comprehensive 3D simulation framework is developed to analyze the impact of key parameters diffusion coefficient ( D ), chemoattractant release rate ( Q ), receiver (RX) speed ( u ), and initial transmitter‐receiver distance ( d ) on communication performance. Results indicate that lower D values enhance the formation of chemoattractant gradients, leading to improved signal clarity and efficiency. Conversely, higher RX speeds distort these gradients, increasing signal reach time and reducing success rates. Elevated Q values significantly broaden the sensing range and improve reliability, particularly over larger distances, though their effect is diminished at high RX speeds. Notably, success rates drop sharply as d approaches the theoretical sensing threshold, underscoring the critical need for parameter tuning. Experimental results validate these findings and reveal a threshold beyond which bacterial movement becomes random, limiting effective signal transmission. These insights contribute to optimizing BBMC systems for greater efficiency and reliability. Applications include targeted drug delivery, environmental biosensing, and synthetic biology, where precise bacterial signaling is essential. The study also demonstrates simulation as a scalable, cost‐efficient alternative to experimental methods, addressing complexity and feasibility in real‐world scenarios.
Journals
2025 EN
ElLatif Eman I. Abd · Kebede Mesfin Abayneh · Sekar Karthick
+4 more
Abstract Nowadays, the battery is the primary power source for electrifying the transition of the transport sector and bridging the gap in renewable energy intermittency. Furthermore, optimizing the electrochemical performance of the battery prevents its chemical aging, which can be verified by tuning the kinetic and diffusion parameters of the electrodes and electrolyte/electrode interface. This work focuses on predicting the diffusion parameters of metal batteries that are currently not experimentally realized in laboratory conditions. First, diffusion equations are used to analyze the relation between the diffusion coefficient and Warburg factor for the monovalent and multivalent metal ion batteries to predict the theoretical values of the diffusion coefficient at different temperatures. Second, the relationship between the charge transfer resistance and the Warburg factor is modeled to predict speculative behavior and calculate the fitting parameters. Finally, the modeled Randles‐Sevcik equation indicated the relationship between peak current and the scan rate at different diffusion coefficients. Compared to the existing algorithms available for battery modeling, this research is the first of its kind.
Journals
2025 EN
Moghaddasi Mohammad · Oktay Busra · Bingol Ayse Betul
+4 more
Abstract Conductive nanocomposite hydrogels (CNHs) represent a promising tool in neural tissue engineering, offering tailored electroactive microenvironments to address the complex challenges of neural repair. This systematic scoping review, conducted in accordance with PRISMA‐ScR guidelines, synthesizes recent advancements in CNH design, functionality, and therapeutic efficacy for central and peripheral nervous system (CNS and PNS) applications. The analysis of 125 studies reveals a growing emphasis on multifunctional materials, with carbon‐based nanomaterials (CNTs, graphene derivatives; 36.8%), metals (Iron oxides, gold, etc.; 24.0%), conductive polymers (PEDOT, PPy, etc.; 16.0%), and hybrid systems dominating due to their synergistic electrical, mechanical, and bioactive properties. For CNS repair, spinal cord injury models ( n = 42) leverage antioxidant‐conductive hybrids and immunomodulatory systems to mitigate oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. For PNS repair—particularly sciatic nerve regeneration ( n = 20)—CNHs demonstrate efficacy through stimuli‐responsive strategies (including wireless and self‐powered piezoelectric and magnetic systems) and biomimetic scaffold design to guide axonal regeneration. Tailored hydrogel designs also address traumatic brain injury, stroke, and Parkinson's disease. Beyond these, CNHs show promise in diverse neural tissue engineering contexts, including neurovascular niche reconstruction for diabetic wound healing, coordinated neurogenic and osteogenic differentiation in bone and muscle repair, and auditory neurogenesis in cochlear applications. This review highlights the potential of CNHs by elucidating recent applications across various neural tissue engineering contexts.
Journals
2025 EN
Al Keyyam Ibrahim · Hua Yu · Li Baini
+3 more
Abstract Nonequilibrium among phonon branches critically influences nanoscale heat transport yet remains largely unexplored in one‐dimensional (1D) systems, particularly at cryogenic temperatures. This work reports the first experimental quantification of optical–acoustic phonon coupling factor ( G OA ) in single‐walled carbon nanotubes using the frequency‐domain energy transport state‐resolved Raman technique at cryogenic and room temperatures. Remarkably, a strong suppression of G OA is observed at low temperatures that exceeds the suppression of the coupling of interfacial phonon modes. As temperature increases, G OA is found to increase monotonically, consistent with enhanced anharmonic decay processes of optical phonons. At 93 K, the optical–acoustic phonon temperature difference exceeds 75% of the acoustic phonon temperature rise, which is reduced to about 33% at room temperature. The critical role of laser heating size on phonon nonequilibrium is elucidated, where it gets amplified for a more confined heating size. By utilizing the recently developed equivalent interfacial medium model, the intrinsic temperature‐dependent interfacial thermal conductance based on acoustic phonon temperature is obtained. The results show that neglecting the nonequilibrium among phonon branches overestimates the interfacial conductance by ≈30% at room temperature. This research provides fundamental insights into phonon nonequilibrium in 1D nanoscale materials that strongly impact next‐generation nanoelectronics and solid‐state energy converters.
Journals
2025 EN
Ahmed Ibrahim Adel Khamis · Cetin Munire Sibel · Ozlem Kadir
+3 more
Abstract Soft wearable robotic devices offer significant potential for human mobility assistance and rehabilitation; however, existing solutions are often hindered by bulkiness, limited scalability, and restricted portability. This study introduces a textile‐based exoskeleton glove equipped with thermally driven actuators, achieving dexterous motion in under 12 s using only 10.8 W of power while maintaining a low operating temperature of 48 °C. This performance surpasses the fastest previously reported system in terms of power input and operating temperature, which achieved actuation in 10 s but required 15 W and operated at 100 °C. In comparison, recent studies report response times of 120 s, with 14 W consumption and temperatures near 95 °C. The actuators utilize low‐boiling‐point liquids that undergo phase transitions upon heating, enabling fast, untethered actuation without external systems. The seamless knitted structure integrates sensing and actuation functionalities, including self‐return to initial position capability. This is achieved through digital machine knitting of specific patterns using functional yarns. The actuators demonstrate 270° bending, generating 2 N gripping force while maintaining energy consumption efficiency. The glove is mountable on an industrial robotic arm, demonstrating its ability to grasp and relocate objects. This study presents a quick‐response, scalable, energy‐efficient solution for wearable robotics.
Journals
2025 EN
Namvar Shahriar · Namaeighasemi Arash · Mohamed Syed Ibrahim Gnani Peer
+11 more
Abstract Ammonia synthesis from nitrate offers a promising approach for both nitrate removal and nitrogen recycling. In this study, a series of 2D multivariate‐metal‐organic frameworks (M 2 OFs) is synthesized, incorporating transition metals such as Co, Ni, Mn, and Ag to enhance these processes. These M 2 OFs exhibit remarkable ammonia production performance, with the highest performance achieved using the quaternary structure exceeding a current density of 1 A cm −2 at −0.8 V vs RHE, with an ammonia Faradic efficiency (F.E.) of ≈90%, and a yield rate of 68 mg h −1 cm −2 . Our findings reveal that the synergy among different metal centers in M 2 OFs provides a new efficient reaction pathway for nitrate reduction via surface hydrogen co‐adsorption, a mechanism not attainable with single‐metal MOFs.
Journals
2025 EN
Shikuku Kelvin Mashisia · Ochenje Ibrahim
Abstract We assessed the impact of index‐based livestock insurance (IBLI) on household income and its higher‐order moments (i.e., variance and skewness). The study uses four waves of panel survey data from northern Kenya and applies a two stage least squares (2SLS) instrumental variables regression to estimate the causal impacts. We found that uptake of IBLI increased household income and reduced pastoralists' exposure to downside risk. Our results imply that policies and investments promoting the scaling of index insurance will be effective for climate risk management and welfare improvement in Sub‐Saharan Africa by increasing income and reducing exposure to downside risk.
Journals
2025 EN
OrouSeko Abdou · Pèlèbè Rodrigue Orobiyi Edéya · Houndji Alexis
+6 more
ABSTRACT Pesticide residues pose a significant risk to aquatic ecosystems, fauna and human health. Yet, the physiological impact on aquatic organisms, especially fish exposed to pesticide residues in the dry season, remains unexplored, and even data on chronic exposure to pesticide residue mixtures under natural environmental conditions remains scarce. This study evaluated the immune, haematological and growth responses of Oreochromis niloticus exposed to cotton field effluents under in‐situ conditions during the dry season in the Batran water reservoir. A 56‐day experiment was conducted during the dry season using a 2 × 1 design (pen culture system × two environments). The Batran water reservoir in Benin's cotton basin (effluent‐exposed site) was used as a test (polluted) environment, and a concrete tank at the Station de Recherche et d'Innovation en Aquacultures (SRIA) of the University of Parakou represented the controlled environment. The results revealed that O. niloticus exposed to the polluted environment showed significantly lower macrophage activity compared to the control ( p > 0.05). The haematological analysis showed elevated eosinophil and heterophil levels in the polluted environment compared to the controls ( p < 0.05). On the growth parameters, generally, O. niloticus exhibited higher growth performance in the polluted environment compared to the control, with a significant difference only with the final average weight (83.61 ± 16.61 g; 69.44 ± 5.73 g, respectively) ( p < 0.05) at the end of the experiment. These findings imply that the absence of pesticide application during the dry season at Batran likely reduced pollutant‐induced physiological stress, thereby enhancing growth despite comparable immune metrics. These findings suggest the need to contextualise aquaculture management strategies within seasonal agrochemical use cycles, as non‐application periods may offer critical recovery intervals for farmed species.
Journals
2025 EN
Alawadi Hussam F. N. · Abdelhamid Magdi T. · Ibrahim Amir M. H.
+2 more
Abstract Aromatic rice ( Oryza sativa ) cultivation is economically essential, but its successful production depends on genotype adaptability and stability across different environments. In Texas, where environmental conditions can vary substantially between regions, it is essential to develop aromatic rice varieties that deliver high yields and maintain stability in diverse growing conditions. This study aimed to assess the performance and adaptability of 120 aromatic rice genotypes across two distinct environments, Beaumont and Eagle Lake, and to identify superior genotypes for each location. The study was conducted at the Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center in Beaumont and Eagle Lake, TX, and was motivated by the need to develop rice varieties with improved yield and stability under diverse environmental conditions. We assessed diverse morphological and agronomic traits and used genotype main effect plus genotype‐by‐environment interaction (GGE) biplot analysis to elucidate genotype–environment interactions. Our results revealed significant variations in several characteristics, including days to heading, plant height, and grain yield, among genotypes and across locations. GGE biplot analysis allowed us to identify the best‐performing genotypes for each environment, with G85 and G98 excelling in Beaumont and G73 and G90 performing well in Eagle Lake. Furthermore, the analysis provided insights into genotype stability, revealing G27 as a highly stable genotype with above‐average grain yield. Cluster analysis categorized the genotypes into four distinct groups based on their overall trait performance. This study highlights the importance of multi‐environment trials in aromatic rice breeding programs. It demonstrates the utility of GGE biplot and cluster analysis for identifying superior genotypes with high yield potential and adaptability to specific environments. The findings can be valuable for developing region‐specific cultivars and enhancing rice production in diverse agro‐ecological zones.
Journals
2025 EN
Shabbir Maryam · Atiq Atia · Wang Jiahua
+6 more
Abstract Biomolecules with metals can form supramolecular nanomaterials through coordination assembly, opening new avenues for cancer theranostics and bringing unique insights into personalized nanomedicine. These biomaterials have been considered versatile and innovative nanoagents due to their structure‒function control, biological nature, and simple preparation methods. This review article summarized the recent developments in multicomponent nanomaterials formed from metal coordination interactions with amino acids, peptides, and proteins, together with anticancer drugs, for cancer theranostics. We discussed the role of functional groups anchored in building blocks for coordination interactions, and subsequently, the types of interactions were examined from a structure‒function perspective. Amino acids with different metals and anticancer drugs forming supramolecular nanomaterials and their anticancer mechanisms were highlighted. Peptides with different metals and anticancer drugs, proteins with metals and anticancer drugs used for material formations, and anticancer activity have been discussed. Ultimately, the conclusion and future outlook for multicomponent supramolecular nanomaterials offer fundamental insights into fabrication design and precision medicine.