Skin diseases are quite common in childhood and affected by geographic, cultural, and socio-economic conditions. There is no reported study about the prevalence of skin diseases of the pediatric population in the Southeastern Anatolia, Turkey. We sought to investigate the skin diseases of the pediatric population in this region. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 3957 patients, age range 0-17 years, in the Dermatology Outpatient Clinic. The patients were classified according to the age groups: infancy (0-2 years), preschool period (3-5 years), school period (6-11 years), and adolescent period (12-17 years). Skin diseases were evaluated under 17 disease subgroups. Of 3957 pediatric patients (2109 female and 1848 male), 695 (17.56%) were in infancy, 465 (11.75%) were in preschool period, 823 (20.8%) were in school period, and 1974 (49.89%) were in adolescent period. Eczematous diseases (30.12%) were the most common skin disease group, followed by acne (26.35%), infectious diseases (19.03%), pigmentation disorders (4.06%), other-unclassified diseases (3.58%), xerosis cutis (2.8%), urticaria (2.68%), hair diseases (2.72%), papulosquamous diseases (1.74%), photodermatoses (1.41%), melanocytic lesions (1.28%), sweat gland diseases (1.23%), tumors-cysts (1.03%), vascular malformations (0.68%), nail diseases (0.58%), genodermatoses (0.48%), and vasculitis (0.15%), respectively. The high prevalence of eczematous and infectious dermatoses were attributed to the crowded family structure, low socio-economic status, play and cleaning materials, and poor hygiene. The relatively low prevalence of atopic dermatitis in our study has been associated with increased breastfeeding in infancy and feeding with natural products in the region.
An effective way to improve the efficiency and extend the life of the machines is to determine the failures of the bearings during operation. Early detection of bearing failures also has critical importance in terms of production costs. Various maintenance methods are used to prevent the failures. Despite all the precautions, unexpected failures can occur and production operations can be failed. This situation, apart from conventional methods, requires a novel determination and diagnostic technique. In this study, artificial intelligence based methods are applied and models are developed in order to detect bearing failures early and to classify the type of failure. In the developed models, it is possible to detect the ring failures depending on different loads and bearing vibration information. In addition, a classification is carried out for the fault from the inner or outer race of the bearing. Determination of the fault, as well as the diagnosis of the class, will increase stability and productivity, especially in critical industrial applications.
The most common cause of viral encephalitis is the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV). HSV is latent in the mucosa, conjunctiva and in trigeminal nerve roots through entering the body from the damaged skin. It manifests placement in brain tissues and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by showing retrograde spreading and reaching the brain, here causing what we call encephalitis. Fever, blurring of consciousness, severe headache are presented usually in high rates of protein in CSF. Although the incidence is observed at any age, it is most common between 5 and 30 years and the prevalence of the incidence increases over 50 years. In its diagnosis, brain biopsy used to be practiced in the past. As it was a very invasive method, the practice was abolished in while. Today, as the gold standard, the diagnosis is made by positive determination of HSV-DNA positiveness in the CSF sample, after analyzing via polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Situs inversus totalis is an autosomal recessive congenital anomaly, seen at 1/7000-8000 ratio. It is quite a rare condition characterized by asymmetric placement of abdominal and thoracic organs. In our case, in the cause of acute abdomen, an emergency operation was planned for a twenty-one years old patient diagnosed with situs inversus. Based on a detailed examination and patient history, it was established that there were no additional diseases. The patient was taken to the operation room and was routinely monitored. After anesthesia induction, surgical laparoscopic surgery was applied and during the exploration situs inversus totalis was observed in the patient. Appendectomy was applied to the patient. The patient whose vitals were stable during the operation was extubated postoperatively and sent to the service. Situs inversus totalis is an isolated case, and doesn't carry additional pathology with it, however we would like to remind that it may collocate with heart, spine, and airway borne structural and functional malformations.
Over the recent decades, both the requirements for and the affordances of public spaces have been an unavoidable and growing discussion in the spatial sciences literature. This growing discussion and research have been articulated through the argument that public spaces have been eroding under the neoliberal conditions and the capitalist mode of production. However, from the insights of social sciences, as the physical setting to be included in socio-political life, public spaces appear exclusionary for some as a timeless fact. Although historical public spaces have been idealized and envied, they appear as ideal places for a privileged spectrum of the societies to learn how to rule and to teach the rest how to obey rather than to allow them to be included in the public sphere. Considering the meaning of to be public, this study claims that this is the paradox of public space, which becomes evident in contemporary rising social struggles for public spaces in the form of occupy movements. In this context, this study aims to anatomise the paradox of public space from also the insights of social sciences in the conditions of representative democracy. As the main contribution of this study, we introduce a re-interpretation of Lefebvre’s multi-triads and operationalize his concept of heterotopia to offer a deeper understanding in revealing the paradoxical production of public spaces. We conclude that the social production of a heterotopia is the manifestational realization of an ideal public space and the dissolution its paradox for only a temporary period of time.