Journals
2025 EN
Yıldırım Behzat · Kılıç Ali · İçoğlu Halil İbrahim
+1 more
Abstract This study presents a novel approach to converting electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber bundles into rovings, essential for nanofiber yarn spinning, through the implementation of false twisting and drawing processes. The false twisting process is optimized by varying the input bundle angle (40° to 60°), twister type (A, B, C), and rotation speed (20, 50, and 80 rpm). A bundle input angle of 55°, twister type B, and a twister rotation speed of 80 rpm show the best results in terms of longer twisted length, lower average thickness, and thickness variation values. The morphological, physical, and mechanical properties of the resulting nanofiber rovings for drawing process implementation are also evaluated. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis further reveals significant improvements in nanofiber alignment and uniformity. The drawing process reduces the average nanofiber diameter from 297 to 200 nm and decreases the standard deviation of alignment angles from 14.2° to 8.1°, indicating a substantial enhancement in parallel nanofiber alignment. These morphological changes contribute to a marked increase in tensile strength from 2.2 to 3.3 cN tex −1 . Integrating false twisting and drawing processes in electrospun nanofiber production can significantly enhance the mechanical properties and alignment of nanofibers, making them more suitable for advanced textile applications.
Journals
2025 EN
Razzaq Iqra · Ullah Sami · Akram Muhammad
+6 more
Abstract Due to its remarkable mechanical, optical, magnetic, thermal, electrical properties, and specific surface area graphene a multifaceted substance composed of carbon atoms hybridized with sp 2 atoms has attracted much attention recently. Due to its many useful characteristics and morphological features, it is extensively utilized in a number of cutting‐edge technologies. A broad spectrum of biomedical sensing applications, including medication administration, kidney diseases, gas sensing, wastewater pollution monitoring, agriculture, and humidity detection are made possible by graphene and its derivatives' remarkable properties. Graphene‐based composite materials combine the strengths of their pristine components, overcoming the limitations of each on their own. More robust, lightweight, and conductive graphene‐based polymer composites can eventually replace metal and ceramics, saving money and energy and can escalate in the dynamic field of sensing. In this context, this review provides a detailed analysis regarding synthesis techniques and structural characteristics of graphene‐based polymer composites. The different applications of graphene‐based composites are also discussed in the dynamic field of sensing. This review article provides a compilation of the most recent integrated studies. Lastly, the study ends with a precise and concise conclusion further highlighting the future perspectives for upcoming research.
Journals
2025 EN
Abnavi Amin · Ghanbari Hamidreza · Mohammadzadeh Mohammad Reza
+2 more
Abstract 2D transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) semiconductors and their heterostructures are widely studied for their positive photoconductance properties. Recent studies further explore the reversible modulation between positive photoconductance (PPC) and negative photoconductance (NPC), enabling applications in high‐precision image recognition and bidirectional reconfigurable logic gates. However, the reversible photoconductance switching effect is commonly induced by different light wavelengths or gate voltages, which require multiple light sources or additional electronic components. Here, a photoconductance polarity switching effect is reported, induced by light intensity and duration in geometrically asymmetric p ‐type MoSe 2 devices. This effect arises from the asymmetric modulation of Schottky barrier heights due to the accumulation of photogenerated electrons at the MoSe 2 /Cr interfaces. Additionally, a photosynaptic effect is observed, likely caused by the trapping/de‐trapping of photogenerated carriers within the MoSe 2 crystal. Finally, a new type of reconfigurable logic gate with “OR” and “AND” functions is demonstrated in a single MoSe 2 device in which the light intensity and light‐on duration from a single light source are the logic gate inputs, and the polarity of the output current determines the logic gate output.
Journals
2025 EN
Sultani Haider N. · Morgan Ibrahim M. · Hussain Hidayat
+4 more
Abstract A novel series of profluorescent rhodamine nitroxide conjugates are synthesized utilizing well‐known isonitrile‐based multicomponent reactions (IMCRs). The synthesized conjugates are rationally designed as mitochondria‐targeting probes for the detection of reactive oxygen species in living cells. Herein, the synthesized probes demonstrate high selectivity to target the mitochondria of both of PC3‐ and NIH3T3‐cells which represent cancer and normal cell lines. Attaching TEMPO nitroxide to rhodamine leads to fluorescence quenching, allowing for ROS detection and quantification. The prepared sensors provide a reliable method for distinguishing between different oxidative environments in living organisms through different levels of fluorescence to be measured. The use of the Ugi multicomponent reaction enables an efficient and versatile synthetic approach, offering significant advantages over previously reported methods for constructing ROS‐detecting probes. The simplicity of the reaction setup and the ability to generate a diverse library of products by varying Ugi components make this protocol highly adaptable for further chemical modification and potential applications in biological systems.
Journals
2025 EN
Ibrahim Kassa Belay · Darshan G.P. · Benetti Gabriele
+5 more
Abstract Designing and achieving active and stable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts for both acidic and alkaline media is essential but challenging. Herein, we are reporting Nb‐doped Co 3 O 4 catalys synthesized via hydrothermal route. The optimized CoNb0.6 catalyst showcases an overpotential of 260 and 250 mV at 10 mA cm − 2 for the OER in 1 M KOH and 0.5 M H₂SO₄, respectively, significantly lower than that of Co₃O₄, which requires 440 and 310 mV under the same conditions. Nb doping significantly enhances the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) and charge transfer kinetics of CoNb0.6 exhibiting a 7.8‐fold and 10‐fold increase in ECSA in 1 M KOH and 0.5 M H₂SO₄, respectively. The catalyst can operates at a current density of 10, 30, and 100 mA cm −2 for over 35 h under 1 M KOH, but it operates for ≈80 h at a current density of 10 and 50 mA cm −2 under 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 . The higher activity emanated from the synergistic effect between the Nb 5+ dopant and Co 3 O 4 . Whereas the long‐term durability emanates from the formation of Nb 5+ in Co 3 O 4 during OER suppresses dissolution of Co and strengthens the Co─O bonds in Co 3 O 4 to prevent the formation of soluble high‐valent Nb species.
Journals
2025 EN
Niroomand Behnaz · Mohammadzadeh Ibrahim · Tabarzad Maryam
+1 more
Abstract Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are complex, making conventional treatments challenging in restoring skin tissue. Stem cell therapy (SCT) and skin replacement therapy (SRT) offer promising solutions by addressing prolonged inflammation, impaired cell proliferation, and reduced extracellular support. Here, based on the origin of cells, SCTs are categorized into embryonic, induced pluripotent, fetal, and adult stem cells (ASCs). Mesenchymal stem cells are among the most employed types of ASCs in clinical trials for treating DFUs. Furthermore, their delivery routes, and stem‐cell‐derived products are also discussed. However, the lack of phase III/V clinical trials limits their clinical use. SRTs are classified by tissue origin (human or animal) and product cellularity. Clinical trials and systematic reviews indicate that placenta‐based grafts (e.g., EpiFix), acellular dermal matrices from human cadaver skin (e.g., DermACell and Graftjacket), and bioengineered cell‐based products (e.g., Apligraf and Dermagraft) are the most effective and safe for SRT. Both SCT and SRT are evolving fields with ongoing challenges, including injection barriers, cell reprogramming risks, ethical concerns, foreign body reactions, and a lack of long‐term follow‐up studies.
Journals
2025 EN
Alghzzawy Zakaria Mohamed · Awwad Mohammed Hussein · Elmaghraby Tarek Khaled
+3 more
ABSTRACT The mechanisms driving hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression are governed by a complex interplay among epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), inflammation, angiogenesis, and impaired immune response. This study explored the efficacy of a pH‐sensitive silibinin‐loaded nanogel (NSB) combined with low‐dose radiation (LDR) in modulating these mechanisms. Male Wistar rats (180–220 g) are divided into seven groups (n = 6): control, LDR (0.25 Gy/week), NSB (25 mg/kg), HCC, HCC+LDR, HCC+NSB, and HCC+LDR+NSB. Combined treatment with LDR and NSB significantly upregulated CDH1 expression while decreasing the transcription levels of TWIST1 , ROCK1 , TNF‐α , RELA , HIF1A , CXCL12 , CXCR4 , VEGF , and CD274 , compared to the untreated HCC group and the corresponding monotherapy groups (P < 0.05). Additionally, immunological analyses revealed a notable decline in serum interleukin (IL)‐6 levels and a concurrent increase in IL‐12, accompanied by enhanced CD8 expression relative to the untreated HCC group and monotherapy groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, LDR+NSB regimen effectively enhanced hepatic function indices, mitigated oxidative damage driven by diethylnitrosamine (DEN), and augmented endogenous antioxidant activities, compared to the untreated HCC and single‐treatment groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that the synergistic integration of NSB with LDR represents a promising multi‐targeted approach for attenuating key drivers of HCC progression while augmenting adaptive anti‐tumor immune responses.
Journals
2025 EN
Hacen Dhahri · Abdallah Mhimid · Ali Aamir
+4 more
Abstract Heat transfer and hydromagnetic flow of ternary hybrid nanofluids between non‐parallel plates are presented in this research work. Lorentz force, nanoparticle shape, heat sink/source, non‐linear solar radiation, and stretching/shrinking wall effects are considered. A polymer base fluid containing hybrid nanoparticles (i.e.,F e 3 O 4− SWCNT − MWCNT $}}_3 }}_4}\, - \,}\, - \,}$ nanoparticles) is considered. By utilizing the similarity transformations, the fundamental partial differential equations derived from mathematical modeling are transformed into ordinary differential equations. Thereafter, the computational solution is obtained numerically and analytically. The analytical solution is constructed using an efficient computational technique called the Adomian Decomposition method. To ensure validation, the present results for special cases are compared with those obtained using the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg 4th–5th order (RKF‐45) method. The effects of physical factors on velocity, temperature, and entropy generation are shown graphically. Additionally, the impact of multiple variables on the entropy generation number is demonstrated and examined. It is found that the ternary nanofluid velocity boosts with the increase of the Hartmann number, and hence the reversal flow is entirely delayed. Results obtained also reveal that the presence of ternary nanoparticles within base fluid enhances significantly the heat transfer rate (Nusselt number) in both convergent and divergent channels. In addition, it is also found that the heat source raises the temperature of ternary hybrid nanofluid flow for both converging and diverging channels, whereas the heat sink shows a reverse behavior and mainly leads to a cooling effect. Finally, the heat source/sink parameter, the radiation parameter, and the magnetic field strongly influence the Nusselt number.
Journals
2025 EN
Benatallah Mohamed Amine · Elmohri Abdennour · Bouderbala Yaacoub Ibrahim
+2 more
Abstract In this study, the functioning of flexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs) is examined using drift‐diffusion SCAPS‐1D simulations under ideal conditions. The focus is on the CBz‐PAI interlayer at the perovskite and hole transport layer (HTL) interface and the impact of innovative materials for HTLs, electrons transport layers (ETLs), and transparent conduction electrodes (TCOs), such as AZO and MXene, in the front and back contacts. Initially, 50 configurations of ETLs, including BaZrS 3 , SnS 2 , STO, WS 2 , and ZrS 2 , as well as HTLs such as ACZTSe, CuBiS 3 , CZGS, and D‐PBTTT‐14, are tested to identify optimal architecture for enhancing device efficiency. The incorporation of the CBz‐PAI interlayer effectively reduces interfacial charge recombination, minimizing V OC losses and boosting overall performance. After further optimization and the integration of MXene as a back contact, the final FPSC design (PET/ITO/AZO/ZrS 2 /(FAPbI 3 ) 0.77 (MAPbBr 3 ) 0.14 (CsPbI 3 ) 0.09 /CBz‐PAI/CZGS/MXene‐V 3 C 2 F 2 ) achieves an impressive PCE of 27.17%, setting a new benchmark for FPSC efficiency.
Journals
2025 EN
Kezzar Mohamed · Gherieb Sihem · Idris Sahar Ahmed
+3 more
Abstract This research aimed to analyze the effects of both without aggregation and with aggregation of nanoparticles (i.e., titania‐ethylene glycol( φ ∈ [ 0 6 varphi \in[ {0\ 6 on the velocity and temperature profiles over a permeable MHD stretching/shrinking( λ ∈ [ − 0.6 0.6 lambda \in[ { - 0.6\ 0.6 sheet with permeability parameter( S ∈ [ 0 0.8 S\in[ {0\ 0.8 and thermal radiation( R d ∈ [ 0 0.4 Rd\in[ {0\ 0.4 . For the purpose of studying nanoparticle aggregation, the improved Maxwell‐Bruggeman and Krieger‐Dougarty models are applied. By applying the similarity transformation, the simple partial differential equations that arise from mathematical modeling are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The calculated nonlinear equation is then numerically solved using the Runge‐Kutta‐Fehlberg 4th‐5th (RKF45) order method with shooting technique and analytically via the Adomian decomposition method (ADM). For validation, the outcomes of this inquiry are linked with those outcomes that are available in the literature. In addition, the acquired analytical ADM data are compared to numerical RKF45, homotopy analysis method (HAM)‐package values, and those given in the literature. It is found that the skin friction coefficient is also lower in the presence of aggregation effects than in the absence of such effects. Furthermore, when the sheet is shrinking, the heat transport (HT) coefficient decreases and increases, respectively, with stretching. The aggregation of nanoparticles reduces the HT coefficient.