Multiparticulate drug delivery systems, such as pellets, are frequently used as they offer therapeutic advantages over single-unit dosage forms.
Calcium phosphate porous ceramics present a great interest not only as complex bone defect fillers but also as drug delivery systems. Most of the methods described in the literature to fabricate pellets are based on compaction, casting into spherical molds, or on processes such as liquid immiscibility or foaming. Despite wet granulation is used in a wide range of applications in pharmaceuticals, food, detergents, fertilizers, and minerals, it is not applied in the biomaterial field to produce granules.
Multiple Criteria Decision (MCD) tools are now widely used thanks to the availability of commercial software packages. However, from a pedagogical point of view, such instruments are complete black boxes that require a level of mathematics far beyond the reach of most users. This paper, of a strictly pedagogical nature, suggests that MCD can be taught and tested simply by using Excel spreadsheets. The paper also suggests an innovative Excel-based method to measure the coherence of multiple criteria matrices. The example used in this exercise is the selection of an office building location set in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Instructors would have no problem adapting this case to another location if needed.
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This paper develops the method for pricing bivariate contingent claims under general autoregressive conditionally heteroskedastic (GARCH) process. In order to provide a general framework being able to accommodate skewness, leptokurtosis, fat tails as well as the time-varying volatility that are often found in financial data, generalized hyperbolic (GH) distribution is used for innovations. As the association between the underlying assets may vary over time, the dynamic copula approach is considered. Therefore, the proposed method proves to play an important role in pricing bivariate option. The approach is illustrated for Chinese market with one type of better-of-two markets claims: call option on the better performer of Shanghai Stock Composite Index and Shenzhen Stock Composite Index. Results show that the option prices obtained by the GARCH-GH model with time-varying copula differ substantially from the prices implied by the GARCH-Gaussian dynamic copula model. Moreover, the empirical work displays the advantage of the suggested method.call-on-max option, GARCH process, generalized hyperbolic (GH) distribution, normal inverse Gaussian (NIG) distribution, copula, dynamic copula,
Following the Autumn 2005 riots in France, many observers in both the popular and the academic press argued that the urban violence that occurred over a two-week period was an open challenge to the French Republican model of citizenship, which does not recognise racial, ethnic or religious affiliations. Many experts focused their analyses of the riots on the relationship between discrimination and ethnic mobilisation in disadvantaged neighbourhoods. Often, the discussions surrounding the uprisings were embedded in the ongoing debate between liberal and communitarian notions of citizenship and the lack of ethnic recognition in France. The articles in this special issue of JEMS indicate another interpretation of the events of October–November 2005. According to much of the comparative analysis presented in this collection, the riots were not a challenge to the French Republic but a demonstration of its schizophrenic characteristics.
The colonization of airways by filamentous fungi and the development of respiratory infections require some predisposing factors as encountered in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Indeed, the defective mucociliary clearance which characterizes the disease is associated with local immunological disorders. In addition, the prolonged therapy with antibiotics and the use of corticosteroid treatments also facilitate fungal growth. An important fungal biota has been described in respiratory secretions of patients suffering from CF. Aspergillus fumigatus, Scedosporium apiospermum and Aspergillus terreus for filamentous fungi and Candida albicans for yeasts are the main fungal species associated with CF. Although less common, several fungal species including Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus nidulans may be isolated transiently from CF respiratory secretions, while others such as Exophiala dermatitidis and Scedosporium prolificans may chronically colonize the airways. Moreover, some of them like Penicillium emersonii and Acrophialophora fusispora are encountered in humans almost exclusively in the context of CF. As fungal complications in CF patients are essentially caused by filamentous fungi the present review will not include works related to yeasts. In CF patients, fungi may sometimes be responsible for deterioration of lung function, as occurs in allergic broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) which is the most common fungal disease in this context. Additionally, although the clinical relevance of the fungal airway colonization is still a matter of debate, filamentous fungi may contribute to the local inflammatory response, and therefore to the progressive deterioration of the lung function.
International audienceThis paper proposes a new approach to measure the dependence in multivariate financial data. Data in finance and insurance often cover a long time period. Therefore, the economic factors may induce some changes inside the dependence structure. Recently, two methods using copulas have been proposed to analyze such changes. The first approach investigates the changes of copula's parameters. The second one tests the changes of copulas by determining the best copulas using moving windows. In this paper we take into account the non stationarity of the data and analyze : (1) the changes of parameters while the copula family keeps static ; (2) the changes of copula family. We propose a series of tests based on conditional copulas and goodness-of-fit (GOF) tests to decide the type of change, and further give the corresponding change analysis. We illustrate our approach with Standard & Poor 500 and Nasdaq indices, and provide dynamic risk measures