Journals
2009 EN
Kapoula Zoï · Ganem Rebecca · Poncet Sarah
+4 more
Binocular yoking of saccades is essential for single vision of words during reading. This study examines the quality of binocular coordination in individuals with dyslexia, independent of the process of reading. Fifteen dyslexia children (11.2±1.4 years) and 15 non‐dyslexia individuals (8 children, aged 11.1±1.3 years, and 7 adults, 24±3 years) were studied. Eye movements were recorded in two conditions. In the control condition, participants made saccades to a single target where the saccade direction and magnitude were controlled. In the experimental condition saccades were allowed to move freely while viewing paintings. The results indicated that, compared with the non‐dyslexia group, the dyslexia group showed a larger saccade amplitude difference between the two eyes, as well as a larger conjugate post‐saccadic drift, during painting exploration than that for saccades to a single target. While both groups showed a larger disconjugate post‐saccadic drift during painting exploration relative to the control condition, this showed a negative correlation with saccade disconjugacy (i.e. disconjugate drift reduced the disparity) only for the non‐dyslexia group. These results indicate that individuals with dyslexia have problems of binocular coordination, both during the saccade and fixations, which are independent of the reading process. It is suggested that this reflects an immaturity of the normal oculomotor learning mechanisms. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Journals
2009 EN
DéchampsOlivier Isabelle · Cadiou Cyril · Harakat Dominique
+4 more
Two dioxotetraza macrocycles 9,12,16,19‐tetraazatricyclo[19.4.0.0 2,7 ]pentacosa‐1(21),2,4,6,22,24‐hexaene‐8,20‐dione( L 1 ) and 9,13,16,20‐tetraazatricyclo[20.4.0.0 2,7 ]hexacosa‐1(22),2,4,6,23,25‐hexaene‐8,21‐dione ( L 2 ) and two bis(dioxotetraaza) macrocycles 7,10,14,17,25,28,32,35‐octaazatetracyclo[17.17.2.0 5,37 .0 23,38 ]octatriaconta‐1,3,5(37),19,21,23(38)‐hexaene‐6,18,24,36‐tetrone ( L 3 ) and 7,11,14,18,26,30,33,37‐octaazatetracyclo[18.18.2.0 5,39 .0 24,40 ]tetraconta‐1,3,5(39),20,22,24(40)‐hexaene‐6,19,25,38‐tetrone ( L 4 ) were prepared. Their protonation constants and the overall complexation constants of their copper(II) complexes were determined by potentiometry at 25 °C ( I = 1, KNO 3 ). In aqueous solution, the complexation sequence was elucidated for each ligand by means of UV/Vis and EPR spectroscopy. According to the ligand structure, two complexation mechanisms can be characterized. For ligand L 1 , a neutral complex [Cu L 1 H –2 ] is readily obtained in one step at pH ≈ 5, and it is the sole species above pH 7. Its structure was confirmed by X‐ray analysis. For ligands L 2 and L 4 , the neutral complexes [Cu L 2 H –2 ] and [Cu 2 L 4 H –4 ] were formed by successive deprotonation of [Cu L 2 ] 2+ and [Cu 2 L 4 ] 4+ , respectively.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Journals
2009 EN
TabanÇalışkan Gülnur · Agustin Dominique · Demirhan Funda
+2 more
The reaction of the bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)pentaoxidodimetal complexes Cp* 2 M 2 O 5 with four equivalents of Na 2 M′O 4 (M, M′ = Mo, W) in acidic aqueous medium constitutes a soft and selective entry into neutral Lindqvist‐type organometallic mixed‐metal oxides Cp* 2 Mo x W 6– x O 17 [ x = 6 ( 1 ), 4 ( 2 ), 2 ( 3 ), 0 ( 4 )]. The identity of the complexes is demonstrated by elemental analyses, thermogravimetric analyses and infrared spectroscopy. Thermal degradation of 1 – 4 up to above 500 °C leads to Mo x /6 W 1– x /6 O 3 . The molecular identity and geometry of compound 2 is further confirmed by a fit of the powder X‐ray diffraction pattern with a model obtained from previously reported single‐crystal X‐ray structures of 1 and 4 , with which 2 is isomorphous. DFT calculations on models obtained by replacing Cp* with Cp ( I – IV ) validate the structural assignments and assist in the assignment of the M,M′–O vibrations. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Journals
2009 EN
Bahloul Amel · Simmler MarieChristine · Michel Vincent
+12 more
Loud sound exposure is a significant cause of hearing loss worldwide. We asked whether a lack of vezatin, an ubiquitous adherens junction protein, could result in noise‐induced hearing loss. Conditional mutant mice bearing non‐functional vezatin alleles only in the sensory cells of the inner ear (hair cells) indeed exhibited irreversible hearing loss after only one minute exposure to a 105 dB broadband sound. In addition, mutant mice spontaneously underwent late onset progressive hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction related to substantial hair cell death. We establish that vezatin is an integral membrane protein with two adjacent transmembrane domains, and cytoplasmic N‐ and C‐terminal regions. Late recruitment of vezatin at junctions between MDCKII cells indicates that the protein does not play a role in the formation of junctions, but rather participates in their stability. Moreover, we show that vezatin directly interacts with radixin in its actin‐binding conformation. Accordingly, we provide evidence that vezatin associates with actin filaments at cell–cell junctions. Our results emphasize the overlooked role of the junctions between hair cells and their supporting cells in the auditory epithelium resilience to sound trauma.
Journals
2009 EN
Tarlet Dominique · Bellettre Jérôme · Tazerout Mohand
+1 more
Burning dense, viscous combustibles such as heavy fuel‐oil as a water‐in‐oil emulsified combustible enables to decrease the emission of solid carbonaceous residue, in comparison with raw, non‐emulsified combustible. This is due to the phenomenon of micro‐explosion, meaning the rapid (<0.1 ms) vaporization of the water droplets inside the emulsion, breaking up the initial emulsion droplet into numerous and faster ‘daughter‐droplets’. The present work is based on a small‐scale furnace (300 kW max.) feed with heavy fuel‐oil mixed with 10–20% of gasoil, with and without emulsion of water. The emulsification of combustible enables to record a reproducible lowering in emission of carbonaceous residue from the combustion of emulsified fuel, in comparison with raw fuel. This is added to a variation in granulometry of carbonaceous residue, hereby considered as an indicator of second atomization. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Journals
2009 EN
Mercier Denis · Étienne Samuel · Sellier Dominique
+1 more
This paper evaluates the paraglacial evolution of a sediment‐mantled slope in a polar maritime environment. The intensity of paraglacial processes is estimated through quantification of erosion and dating of field sectors with the help of photographic archives. Gully erosion has been estimated using morphometric parameters and by surveys of vegetation cover. The rapid melting of dead‐ice cores controls gully formation. This leads to slope form modification: gully profile gradients are reduced from a mean of 35° to a mean ranging between 10° and 15°. Profile evolution results from the collapse of glacier lateral moraine. All data (mean slope angle of individual gullies, frequency distribution of slope angles, fractional distance to the apex, gullying index, volume of debris mobilized, vertical erosion rate) tend to increase with increasing deglaciation age and the duration of paraglacial activity. Vegetation colonization is a response to stabilization of the ground surface and the drying up of the ground surface due to dead‐ice melting. The full sequence of paraglacial slope adjustment (gully incision‐stabilization) may occur rapidly at the study site, i.e. within two decades. Finally, a lateral morphogenic sequence is proposed showing the importance of paraglacial processes at the onset of the deglaciation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Journals
2009 EN
Giguère JeanSerge · Ilinca Florin · Pelletier Dominique
This paper presents a finite element algorithm for the simulation of thermo‐hydrodynamic instabilities causing manufacturing defects in injection molding of plastic and metal powder. Mold‐filling parameters determine the flow pattern during filling, which in turn influences the quality of the final part. Insufficiently, well‐controlled operating conditions may generate inhomogeneities, empty spaces or unusable parts. An understanding of the flow behavior will enable manufacturers to reduce or even eliminate defects and improve their competitiveness. This work presents a rigorous study using numerical simulation and sensitivity analysis. The problem is modeled by the Navier–Stokes equations, the energy equation and a generalized Newtonian viscosity model. The solution algorithm is applied to a simple flow in a symmetrical gate geometry. This problem exhibits both symmetrical and non‐symmetrical solutions depending on the values taken by flow parameters. Under particular combinations of operating conditions, the flow was stable and symmetric, while some other combinations leading to large thermally induced viscosity gradients produce unstable and asymmetric flow. Based on the numerical results, a stability chart of the flow was established, identifying the boundaries between regions of stable and unstable flow in terms of the Graetz number (ratio of thermal conduction time to the convection time scale) and B , a dimensionless ratio indicating the sensitivity of viscosity to temperature changes. Sensitivities with respect to flow parameters are then computed using the continuous sensitivity equations method. We demonstrate that sensitivities are able to detect the transition between the stable and unstable flow regimes and correctly indicate how parameters should change in order to increase the stability of the flow. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Journals
2009 EN
Ferrara Laurent · Guégan Dominique · Rakotomarolahy Patrick
This paper formalizes the process of forecasting unbalanced monthly datasets in order to obtain robust nowcasts and forecasts of quarterly gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate through a semi‐parametric modeling. This innovative approach lies in the use of non‐parametric methods, based on nearest neighbors and on radial basis function approaches, to forecast the monthly variables involved in the parametric modeling of GDP using bridge equations. A real‐time experience is carried out on euro area vintage data in order to anticipate, with an advance ranging from 6 to 1 months, the GDP flash estimate for the whole zone. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Journals
2009 EN
Corbin Marie · de Reyniès Aurélien · Rickman David S.
+13 more
Based on characterization of both genomic and expression status of WT1 and CTNNB1 (β‐catenin) in a series of 60 Wilms tumor samples, combined with genome‐wide expression profiling of these tumors, normal mature and fetal kidney controls, we show that WT1/β‐catenin expression was a better classifier than WT1 / CTNNB1 mutations. We present molecular data supporting that the WNT pathway is involved in both tumor classes, with and without WT1/β‐catenin alterations. In the tumor class with WT1/β‐catenin alterations, we identified overexpression of 14 previously unreported WNT target genes, including TWIST1 . We show that the TWIST1 protein was specifically expressed in these tumors, where staining was restricted to the stromal, nuclear β‐catenin positive, component. By comparing the state of the WNT pathway in tumors without WT1/β‐catenin alterations and fetal kidneys we provide evidence that suggests that these tumors have a heightened level of pathway activation. We characterized mutations of the WNT pathway regulator gene WTX in 16% of this tumor class. Moreover, genome‐transcriptome correlation analysis allowed us to identify three other WNT pathway regulator genes that could participate in the activation of the WNT pathway: BCL9 (1p36.2), CTNNBIP1 (1p36.2), and CBY1 (22q13.1). These genes thus represent new potential important actors in WT tumorigenesis. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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Journals
2009 EN
Todisco Dominique · Bhiry Najat · Desrosiers Pierre M.
A detailed taphonomic study was undertaken at the Tayara site in order to determine the impact of natural processes such as surface water flow on spatial patterning and site formation. The study focused on Paleoeskimo level II, which contains many lithics and significant faunal remains. Level II integrity was assessed through spatial analysis and by examining the size distribution of lithic artifacts and bone orientation. Experimental knapping aimed at replicating Paleoeskimo lithic technology was used to assess the possible size sorting of lithics. The study indicates that artifact burial by water‐laid sediments did not result in a selective impoverishment in small‐sized lithics. Statistically significant lithic concentrations and associations suggest that spatial distribution was not significantly modified by site formation processes. However, slight post‐depositional changes were presumably induced by water flows in the form of statistically significant horizontal bone reorientations. These occurred when gently flowing water inundated bone accumulations without inducing significant washing or sorting of smaller lithic debris. The spatial integrity evaluation of the level II assemblage reveals a low degree of spatial disturbance and disorganization of the material (i.e., limited entropy), which is likely related to low‐energy hydraulic forces and rapid burial soon after Paleoeskimo occupation. The grouping and deposition of much of the occupation debris is likely the result of Paleoeskimo activities (e.g., knapping and butchering), and the lithics and fauna specimens are probably at or very near their original location. These results show the behavioral significance of the grouping and deposition of debris in Tayara's level II. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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