Journals
2009 DE
Armspach Dominique · Matt Dominique · Toupet Loic
Selbstkontrolle : endo ‐Sulfoxide entstehen selektiv, wenn Thia‐überdachte Cyclodextrine mit m ‐Chlorperoxybenzoesäure ( m ‐CPBA) in Wasser oxidiert werden, wobei intermediär ein Oxidans‐Cyclodextrin‐Einschlusskomplex auftritt. Bei Verwendung eines organischen Mediums bilden sich bevorzugt exo ‐Sulfoxide.
Journals
2009 EN
Dettner Frank · Hänchen Anne · Schols Dominique
+3 more
An adaptable approach : The first highly convergent stereoselective synthesis of feglymycin (see structure) and its enantiomer is based on the coupling of repeating peptide fragments. The use of weakly basic conditions throughout the synthesis suppressed the epimerization of sensitive aryl glycine units. Feglymycin has strong anti‐HIV activity as well as potent (previously identified as weak) antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.
Journals
2009 EN
Quideau Stéphane · Lyvinec Gildas · Marguerit Mélanie
+5 more
′I′ is all the hype : A twofold excess of iodoarene in the title reaction leads to ortho ‐quinols in good yields, whereas organocatalytic versions of this reaction enable subsequent epoxidation in a regio‐ and diastereoselective fashion. Chiral iodobiarenes led to enantioselectivities up to 50 % ee. m ‐CPBA= meta ‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid.
Journals
2009 EN
Armspach Dominique · Matt Dominique · Toupet Loic
Self‐control : endo ‐Sulfoxide products can be synthesized selectively by the oxidation of thia‐capped cyclodextrins using m ‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid ( m ‐CPBA) in water. The reaction occurs by the formation of an oxidant–cyclodextrin inclusion complex. Operating in organic media preferentially leads to exo ‐sulfoxide products.
Journals
2009 EN
Hadad Caroline · Bouquillon Sandrine · Harakat Dominique
+1 more
In the presence of triethylsilane and different transition metal catalysts, the main reactive pathways observed from benzylated xyloses bearing an unsaturated tether were the reduction and the isomerization of the double bond without debenzylation of the sugar moiety. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Journals
2009 EN
Ponce Mariela Leticia · Roeder Jerusa · Gomes Dominique
+1 more
The performance and stability of sulfonated polytriazoles with polymer backbones containing diphenyl ether (S‐DPE‐PT) and hexafluorisopropylidene groups (S‐FPT) were compared, aiming their application as proton conductive membranes for fuel cell. The chemical stability of both membranes were compared and analyzed by infrared spectroscopy after 24 h heating at temperatures up to 250 °C. The superior stability of the fluorinated polytriazole was confirmed. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Journals
2009 EN
Vandooren Bernard · Noordenbos Troy · Ambarus Carmen
+7 more
Objective Peripheral spondylarthritis (SpA) is characterized by macrophages that express CD163, a marker of alternative activation (M2). The purpose of this study was to assess whether this differential infiltration with macrophage subsets was associated with a different local inflammatory milieu in SpA as compared with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods The effect of SpA and RA synovial fluid (SF) on macrophage polarization was tested in vitro on normal peripheral blood monocytes. SF levels of classically activated macrophage (M1)–derived and alternatively activated macrophage (M2)–derived mediators were analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and multiparameter Luminex bead assay in 47 patients with non‐psoriatic SpA, 55 with RA, and 15 with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Paired synovial biopsy samples were analyzed histologically. Results SF from SpA patients promoted preferential expression of the M2 markers CD163 and CD200R in vitro, even if SF levels of the prototypical M2‐polarizing factors (interleukin‐4 [IL‐4], IL‐13, and IL‐10) were not increased as compared with those in RA SF. Despite a similar degree of overall joint inflammation in SpA and RA, SpA synovitis displayed strongly reduced SF levels of M1‐derived, but not M2‐derived, mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), IL‐1β, IL‐12p70, and interferon‐γ–inducible protein 10. SF levels of M1‐derived mediators correlated well with peripheral joint inflammation in RA, but neither these mediators nor IL‐1α and IL‐17 did so in SpA. Of interest, the SF cytokine profile in PsA, a more destructive subtype of SpA, was similar to that in non‐psoriatic SpA. Conclusion The local inflammatory milieu is clearly different in SpA as compared with RA peripheral arthritis. Synovitis in SpA, including that in PsA, is characterized by a selective decrease in M1‐derived proinflammatory mediators, such as TNFα and IL‐1β.
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Journals
2009 EN
Klaasen Ruth · Thurlings Rogier M. · Wijbrandts Carla A.
+4 more
Objective Some patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) exhibit lymphocyte aggregates in the synovium. This study was undertaken to address whether the presence of lymphocyte aggregates before treatment could serve as a biomarker for the clinical response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockade, and to confirm whether the aggregation of synovial lymphocytes is reversible after anti‐TNF treatment. Methods Synovial tissue biopsy samples were obtained from 97 patients with active RA before the initiation of infliximab treatment. Lymphocyte aggregates in the synovial tissue were counted and also graded for size. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify whether the presence of lymphocyte aggregates could be a predictor of the clinical response at week 16. Furthermore, the effects of TNF blockade on lymphocyte aggregates were compared between patients with RA and patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Results Fifty‐seven percent of RA synovial tissue samples contained lymphocyte aggregates, and 32% of the patients had large aggregates. Aggregates were found in 67% of clinical responders compared with 38% of nonresponders. The presence of aggregates at baseline was a highly significant predictor of the clinical response to anti‐TNF treatment (R 2 = 0.10, P = 0.008). Positivity for lymphocyte aggregates increased the power to predict the clinical response (R 2 = 0.29), when analyzed in a prediction model that included baseline disease activity evaluated by the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints, anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody positivity, and synovial TNFα expression. There was a reduction in lymphocyte aggregates after anti‐TNF antibody therapy in both RA and PsA. Conclusion RA patients with synovial lymphocyte aggregates have, on average, a better response to infliximab treatment than those with only diffuse leukocyte infiltration. Moreover, the aggregation of synovial lymphocytes is reversible after anti‐TNF antibody treatment.
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Journals
2009 EN
Chaerle Laury · Lenk Sándor · Lein Ilkka
+3 more
Agricultural production is limited by a wide range of abiotic ( e.g. drought, waterlogging) and biotic (pests, diseases and weeds) stresses. The impact of these stresses can be minimized by appropriate management actions such as irrigation or chemical pesticide application. However, further optimization requires the ability to diagnose and quantify the different stresses at an early stage. Particularly valuable information of plant stress responses is provided by plant imaging, i.e. non‐contact sensing with spatial resolving power: (i) thermal imaging, detecting changes in transpiration rate and (ii) fluorescence imaging monitoring alterations in photosynthesis and other physiological processes. These can be supplemented by conventional video imagery for study of growth. An efficient early warning system would need to discriminate between different stressors. Given the wide range of sensors, and the association of specific plant physiological responses with changes at particular wavelengths, this goal seems within reach. This is based on the organization of the individual sensor results in a matrix that identifies specific signatures for multiple stress types. In this report, we first review the diagnostic effectiveness of different individual imaging techniques and then extend this to the multi‐sensor stress‐identification approach.
Journals
2009 EN
Tuffin Marla · Anderson Dominique · Heath Cal
+1 more
Metagenomics emerged in the late 1990s as a tool for accessing and studying the collective microbial genetic material in the environment. The advent of the technology generated great excitement, as it has provided new opportunities and technologies for studying the wealth of microbial genetic diversity in the environment. Metagenomics has been widely predicted to access new dimensions of protein sequence space. A decade on, we review how far we have actually moved into new sequence space (and other aspects of protein space) using metagenomic tools. While several novel enzyme activities and protein structures have been identified through metagenomic strategies, the greatest advancement has been made in the isolation of novel protein sequences, some of which have no close relatives, form deeply branched lineages and even represent novel families. This is particularly true for glycosyl hydrolases and lipase/esterases, despite the fact that these activities are frequently screened for in metagenomic studies. However, there is much room for improvement in the methods employed and they will need to be addressed so that access to novel biocatalytic activities can be widened.