Journals
2025 EN
Das Manoj Kumar · Sahu Sudhakar
This paper demonstrates an eight-element wideband MIMO antenna system for a 5G wireless communication applications. The MIMO design configuration has eight inverted L-type radiators arranged on a rectangular substrate to provide a bandwidth of 32% (2.96–4.08 GHz). It operates in the 5G n48 band, n78 band, and parts of the n77 band. To enhance the impedance bandwidth of the antenna, four circular ring slots and eight inverted L-type slots have been integrated into the ground plane. Incorporating rectangular metallic strips to the stepped rectangular monopole antennas further improves impedance bandwidth and isolation. The novel 5G MIMO antenna exhibits isolation exceeding 16 dB, radiation efficiency around 74%, and peak gain ranging from 3.4 dBi to 4.6 dBi in the desired band. The other parameters, CCL, ECC and TARC are below the acceptable range. This result indicates that the suggested antenna is well suited for 5G MIMO applications.
Journals
2025 EN
Shakha · Kumawat Devesh · M. S. Swathi
+6 more
Syphilitic uveitis (SU) is a re-emerging cause of intraocular inflammation. This study aimed to characterize the clinical, imaging features, treatment modalities, and outcomes of SU at a tertiary-care center in North India over the last decade. A retrospective observational study included SU patients between January 2016 and April 2025. Diagnosis was based on compatible clinical features, positive syphilis serology, and response to antibiotic therapy. Data on demographics, HIV status, ocular findings, imaging, treatment regimens, and outcomes were retrieved. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was assessed, with favorable outcome defined as BCVA ≥20/30. Statistical analysis identified factors associated with favorable outcome. Twenty-six patients (44 eyes) were included, predominantly male (92.3%) with mean age being 37.9 ± 12.1 years. Five patients presented before and 21 presented after Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. HIV co-infection was present in 50% of patients. Posterior uveitis (61.4%) and panuveitis (36.4%) were common forms. Characteristic placoid or confluent chorioretinitis patterns were noted, with punctate white dots in nearly one-third of eyes. 38.5% cases were misdiagnosed initially and empirically treated with corticosteroids. Definitive treatment included intravenous ceftriaxone or aqueous penicillin with adjunctive corticosteroids in few cases. At median follow-up of 9-months, 93.2% eyes showed resolution, and 54.5% achieved BCVA ≥20/30. Better initial vision, posterior uveitis (versus. panuveitis), and treatment with aqueous penicillin were associated with favorable outcome. Syphilitic uveitis has resurged, particularly in the post-COVID era. Heightened awareness, due suspicion, and early recognition using multimodal imaging are vital for favorable outcomes. Aqueous penicillin may yield superior outcomes and merits further evaluation.
Journals
2025 EN
Mangoli Mitali Vijay · Priyadarshini Smruti Rekha · Sahu Srikant Kumar
+2 more
To evaluate the aetiology, demographic profile, clinical features, and outcomes in cases of refractory bacterial keratitis. This is a retrospective observational study in which 41 eyes of 40 patients diagnosed with bacterial keratitis, with no improvement after medical therapy, were evaluated. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (a) culture-proven bacterial keratitis; (b) antibiotic usage of ≥6-weeks; (c) No surgery within 8-weeks of diagnosis. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (a) other causes of microbial keratitis and (b) surgical intervention in non-responding keratitis within 8-weeks. Forty-one eyes of 40 patients were analysed in this study. Thirty eyes (73.2%) had an ulcer area of about 15–20 mm 2 . The visual acuity varied from 0 logMAR in ulcers with small size to no light perception due to the nature of the corneal infiltrate. Common risk factors noted in the patients were systemic comorbidities like uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, glaucoma, and ocular surface disorders. Staphylococci were the predominant organisms, found in 21 (51.2%) eyes. Twenty-two surgical interventions were performed including one eye which had to undergo evisceration. This included eight tissue adhesive and bandage contact lens application (TA+BCL), five intracameral antibiotic injections, five therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty (Th.PK). Various factors can contribute to the development of non-healing or refractory corneal ulcers including systemic conditions, ocular factors, and the characteristics of the infecting organism. Identification of these factors can aid in early diagnosis and prompt management of the condition.
Resource
2025 EN
Mondal Lipika · Mondal Arupi · Sahu Subhashis
Eating disorders are typically marked by disruptions in dietary patterns which may influenced by circadian desynchronization and leads to health problems. This study assessed the prevalence of eating disorders and its correlation with chronotype, meal timing, sleep pattern and psychological status among female college students. 125 female college students were taken through convenience sampling. Chronotype, meal timing, sleep-wake patterns and psychological stress were assessed by Reduced morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, Chrononutritional Profile Questionnaire, DASS-21(Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale) and also 24-hour recall method used. Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman’s correlation used for the Statistical analysis. Subjects were grouped into Healthy Eating (50.4%), At-Risk (36.8%) and Eating disorder (12.8%) groups. The ARG and EDG showed higher body fat percentage, BMI and significant disruption in sleep-wake patterns. Correlations between abnormal eating behaviours, circadian disruptions, and nutritional profiles were found. Early screening of mental distress, abnormal eating patterns and lifestyle modifications, is key to overall health.
Resource
2025 EN
Sahu Bhupendra Kumar
We evaluated the involvement of circadian rhythm patterns in breeding activities (nesting, incubation, and nestling) exhibited by a breeding pair of red-vented Bulbul ( Pycnonotus cafer ) by studying two variables: (i) nest visiting stay duration (NVSD) and (ii) nest visiting frequency (NVF). We also determined the effect of the factors “breeding event” and “sex” on NVSD and NVF. A significant circadian rhythm was detected in both NVSD and NVF during all studied breeding events. The female exhibited a more synchronous and robust rhythm during the incubation and nestling periods compared to the male. NVSD during incubation and NVF during nesting events were statistically significantly higher. Female exhibited statistically significantly higher NVSD during incubation and nestling events and NVF during incubation as compare to that of male. Finally, we concluded that maternal care was higher than paternal care and exhibited a more synchronous and robust rhythmic pattern.
Journals
2025 EN
Mohanraj P. · Sahu Satyabrata · Sivakumar R.
+3 more
This article aims to theoretically examine the instability characteristics in a triple-core nonlinear coupler with dual negative refractive substantial channels under significant nonlinear refractive-index shift. We identify a formula for the instability gain using linear stability analysis and analyse the gain spectra. We discover four crucial factors that affect the instability gain spectrum in the nonlinear triple-core couplers. They are the septic saturation, power, nonlinearity, and the strength of the forward - to backward propagating wave. Considering the backward-to-forward ratio power (f), pump power, septic and modified saturation nonlinearity enhance the modulational instability (MI) by increasing the gain and width of the instability characteristics in both normal and anomalous spreading regimes. The numerical approach validates the analytical prediction from the linear stability study. Lastly, optical fibre, fibre laser, and optical switching technologies employ our findings mainly for high-speed, long-distance telecommunications applications.
Resource
2025 EN
Sahu Prabhat Kumar
Brain tumors represent one of the most critical neurological disorders where early and accurate diagnosis significantly impacts treatment outcomes. This paper presents a comprehensive deep learning framework for automated brain tumor classification using MRI scans, validated across both binary (DS1) and multi-class (DS2) datasets. Our approach introduces three key innovations: (1) a novel Local Pixel Inhomogeneity Factor (LPIF) based preprocessing pipeline that enhances tumor visibility while suppressing noise through adaptive local intensity processing, (2) AugmentFusion – a hybrid data augmentation strategy combining CLAHE with geometric transformations and noise injection to improve model generalisation, and (3) a hybrid ensemble model integrating DenseNet121 and VGG16 through majority voting, optimised using Adaptive Lookahead-AdamW with Cyclic Learning (ALACL). Extensive experiments demonstrate state-of-the-art performance, with our ensemble achieving 99.46% accuracy (AUC: 0.995, F1-score: 0.992) on the DS1 dataset (normal vs. tumor classification) and 98.63% accuracy (AUC: 0.986, F1-score: 0.99) on the more challenging DS2 dataset (multi-class tumor classification). These results significantly outperform existing approaches including transformer-based methods (98.6% accuracy) and 3D CNN architectures (98.4% accuracy). The framework maintains robust performance across all evaluation metrics while demonstrating computational efficiency suitable for clinical deployment. Our solution provides radiologists with a reliable decision support tool that combines high diagnostic accuracy with interpretability, potentially improving early detection and treatment planning for brain tumor patients.
Journals
2025 EN
Rather Kashif Nesar · Sahu Anjan Kumar · Mahalik Mantu Kumar
This study investigates the role of renewable and non-renewable energy sources in exports performance of 18 emerging economies from 2000 to 2020. This is done to better elucidate the potential implications of energy transition on the export performance of emerging economies. The estimated models also control for the influences of per capita income, population, and government effectiveness. The Westerlund cointegration confirms the presence of a significant long-run relationship between the variables under consideration. In this regard, two-step System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation demonstrates that non-renewable energy consumption promotes exports in emerging economies and renewable energy use hampers it in the long run. At the same time, increase in per-capita income and population size negatively influence the exports. On the other hand, though insignificant, government effectiveness contributes positively to the export performance. The Kernel Regularized Least Squares (KRLS) estimation also confirms the reliability of these baseline findings. Potential policy suggestions for the export promotion of emerging economies are also discussed.
Journals
2025 EN
Tripathi Indra Mani · Mahto Shanti Shwarup · Sahu Bidhan Kumar
+2 more
Pit migration can significantly disrupt stable fluvial systems, leading to abrupt changes in river morphology and ecology. This study investigates sand pit migration through lab experiments by varying pit shapes, sizes, and inflow discharge, while using Kinect and a DSLR camera to measure bed profile evolution. Repeatability tests ensure experimental consistency. Observations show that the rate of pit migration increases as the discharge increases. For rectangular pit, the migration rate is highest from 0.212 cm/min to 1 cm/min as the discharge increases from 5.12 litre/s to 6.94 litre/s. The migration rate of parabolic pits is lower than rectangular pits, and cylindrical pits take longer to fill at the centre than the sides. The migration rate of the cylindrical pit increases less (0.36 cm/min to 0.43 cm/min) as compared to the rectangular pit (0.212 cm/min to 1 cm/min). These findings highlight the influence of pit geometry and flow conditions on sediment transport.
Journals
2025 EN
Sahu Kundan Kumar · Prasad Vishnu · Dhurvey Priyanka
The rising demand for affordable and efficient small-scale hydropower systems has driven renewed interest in Cross-Flow Hydro Turbines (CFHTs), particularly for rural and off-grid applications. CFHTs are recognized for their simple design, ease of maintenance, and low installation costs, making them well-suited for low-head sites. Despite limitations related to low head and discharge, they offer moderate efficiency and operational adaptability. This study presents an optimization-based investigation into CFHT performance by varying three key parameters: the number of blades (18 to 22), runner rotational speed (500, 600, and 700 RPM), and inlet blade angle (fixed at 10°), with a constant nozzle entrance arc of 65°. Unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted to analyze flow behavior and total pressure distribution, from which efficiency and other performance indicators were derived. The results show that the highest efficiency of 99.75% was achieved using 20 blades, a rotational speed of 600 RPM, and an inlet blade angle of 10°. These findings highlight the importance of blade count and operating speed in performance enhancement. This work offers practical insights for improving CFHT design, contributing to the development of efficient, small-scale hydropower solutions for low-head environments.