Journals
2025 EN
Amit Patnaik · Anita Sinha · Vinay Oraon
+1 more
Amidst the ever-evolving landscape of biomedical research, G-quadruplex (G4) structures have emerged as captivating therapeutic targets, holding immense promise for precision medicine and molecular diagnostics. These intricate DNA or RNA formations play crucial roles in regulating gene expression and are implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancer and neurological disorders. The interaction between G4s and ligands derived from medicinal plants offers a compelling avenue for therapeutic intervention and diagnostic applications. G4-interacting ligands have demonstrated remarkable potential as therapeutic agents, selectively targeting G4 structures and modulating their biological functions. However, the effective delivery of these ligands into living cells remains a formidable challenge. Existing physical and biochemical methods are often limited to in vitro settings due to concerns regarding toxicity and nonspecific binding. Overcoming this delivery hurdle is paramount for translating G4-targeting therapies into clinically viable treatments. The development of novel G4 ligands with enhanced affinity and selectivity is essential for realizing the full therapeutic potential of G4-targeting strategies. Understanding the shared structural features of G4 ligands, such as the presence of an aromatic core for π–π stacking interactions and positive moieties for interactions with DNA or RNA backbones, provides valuable insights into ligand design. G4/ligand interactions hold immense promise for molecular diagnostics. By exploiting the specific recognition and binding capabilities of G4 ligands, researchers can develop biosensors and bioimaging tools for the detection and diagnosis of G4-related diseases. These diagnostic tools have the potential to revolutionize disease management by enabling early detection, personalized treatment plans, and improved patient outcomes.
Journals
2025 EN
Samuchiwal Saurabh · Sahu Abhishek · Selvaraju Koushalya
+2 more
The textile industry utilizing affordable azo dyes is a high threat to aquatic life and causes environmental problems due to their toxicity. Biodegradation of azo dyes employing microbes and enzymes has proved to be an efficient method for treating industrial effluent. This study used the novel microbial consortium to decolorize reactive azo dyes (Reactive Red 120; Reactive Black 5 and Reactive Blue 13), and its azo-reductase activity was evaluated. The metagenomic analysis of the consortium identified azo-reductase-producing bacterial species. The molecular docking revealed that Pp AzoR from Pseudomonas putida had the highest binding affinities for all the three dyes such as Reactive Black 5 (−9.3 kcal/mol), Reactive Blue 13 (−9.8 kcal/mol) and Reactive Red 120 (−10.7 kcal/mol). The structural rigidity and stability of the docked complex were confirmed through MD simulations evaluated across multiple descriptors from the simulation trajectories. Further, MMPBSA analysis validated the results that binding of the ligands, i.e. dye molecules Reactive Black (RB5), Reactive Blue (RB13) and Reactive Red (RR120) binding with the Azoreductase ( Pp AzoR) to the screened Azo-dyes was spontaneous. Based on molecular dynamics simulations for 100 ns, RR 120 showed the highest binding affinity (−411.336 ± 46.799 KJ/mol), followed by RB5 (−288.012 ± 33.371 KJ/mol). The dyes (RR120 and RB5) exhibited stable interactions with the target azoreductase ( Pp AzoR). The present study provides insights that Pp AzoR shows the highest decolorization potency, which could be interpreted as a potential dye-degrading protein based on dye-degrading assay findings.
Journals
2025 EN
Sahu Vishal Kumar · Lokhande Kiran Bharat · Swamy Venkateswar K.
+2 more
Tetraspanins superfamily proteins have been shown to play an important role in several physiological processes and diseases such as cancer. Transmembrane polar residues of tetraspanins have an implication in regulating the process of cancer metastasis. Tetraspanin CD82 has been demonstrated to exert an anti-metastatic role while mutating polar residues in its transmembrane domains (TMDs) abrogates its metastasis inhibitory role. However, CD151, being pro-metastatic tetraspanin, the role of polar residues in TMDs of CD151 in cholesterol binding and its stability has not been investigated. In this study, we employed bioinformatics analysis of CD151 sequences to determine polar residue in TMDs, molecular docking, dynamics, and normal mode analysis studies to investigate the contribution of polar residues on cholesterol binding by modelling and comparing wild type with polar residue mutant of CD151. The study finds three polar residues viz Asn24, Glu104 and Gln234, in the TMD1, TMD2, and TMD4, respectively, in CD151 that are conserved in most vertebrates indicating their functional significance. Furthermore, we found that these polar residues are required for CD151 stability and facilitate stable interactions with cholesterol. Further cholesterol binding influenced the differences in the distance between large and small extracellular domains of CD151 indicating its important role in the open and closed conformation of the protein. In summary, CD151 exists in open and closed conformation by regulating its interactions with cholesterol. This interaction may modulate the cell membrane dynamics suggesting its potential implication in cancer metastasis.
Journals
2025 EN
Chauhan Satyam · Vanova Martina · Tailor Umisha
+5 more
Chronotype is a proxy for various intra-individual rhythms (e.g. sleep-wake cycles) which fluctuate throughout the day. The extent to which chronotype modulates cognitive performance remains unclear. Here, we systematically reviewed studies to determine the influence of chronotype on its own, and/or in interaction with time of day (ToD; optimal/non-optimal), in cognitive function in healthy adults. Following PRISMA guidelines, data searches were conducted in PubMed and Web of Science databases (11 March 2024), yielding 65 studies (53 in adults aged 18–45 y; 11 comparing adults aged 18–32 and 50–95 y; one involving only morning type adults aged 60–76 y). Most of the reviewed studies (>80%) indicated no main effect of chronotype on cognitive function. There was evidence from 29 (45.31%) of 64 studies involving adults aged 18–45 y of a synchrony effect (i.e. superior performance at optimal ToD) in morning and/or evening types, mostly in attention, inhibition, and memory. In older adults, there was evidence of a synchrony effect from 10 (83.33%) of 12 studies, especially on tasks involving fluid abilities. Limited evidence suggested higher activation of inhibition-related brain regions at optimal ToD in both chronotypes, and synchrony effects being impacted by certain exogenous factors known to affect arousal and performance (e.g. task complexity, lighting conditions). Our findings highlight the need to carefully consider age along with endogenous and exogenous sources of intra-individual variations in arousal while determining synchrony effect in cognitive functions. Not acknowledging these synchrony effects may also result in exaggerated cognitive deficits especially in the elderly.
Journals
2025 EN
Singh Pushpanjay K. · Yadav Harekrishna · Upadhyay Prabhat K.
+1 more
This experimental investigation aims to analyze the heat transfer capabilities of both single and multi-orifice SJs (MOSJs) for varied waveforms(sine, square, and triangular), at a fixed Reynolds number (3525). The jet-to-plate distance and pitch radius is varied in the range of 1–19 and 3.8–8 mm, respectively. The MOSJs at pitch radius (PR) of 3.8 mm shows 30.6% higher average Nusselt number than single SJs. For a PR of 8 mm, the Nusselt number contour shows multiple heat transfer regions adjacent to the stagnation point; however, a single heat transfer region is evident at PR of 3.8–6 mm.
Journals
2025 EN
Singh Pradeep Kumar · Joshi Jaykumar · Sahu Santosh K.
Present study reports the influence of various orifice shapes (circular, square, triangular, and elliptical) on the local and average heat transfer properties of a metal foamed surface for a varied range of Reynolds number ( Re = 10000 –30,000) and plate to nozzle distances ( z/d = 1–10) by employing thermal imaging techniques. A copper open-cell metal foam (OCMF) with a porosity of 90% and a pores per inch (PPI) value of 20 is attached to the flat plate. The thermal behavior of the thin foil in conjunction with the OCMF employing various orifices is observed to be better than that of the smooth foil. The enhancement in heat transfer at the stagnation point for circular, elliptical, square, and triangular orifices with metal foamed plate is observed to be around 76%, 64%, 54%, and 55%, respectively, for Re = 10000. The hot surface integrated with metal foam exhibits improvements in the local thermal characteristics with distinct orifice configurations. A dimensionless foam enhancement factor was defined to assess the influence of foam on jet impingement heat transfer. The foam effect is particularly noticeable in the impingement zone compared to the wall jet region. Compared to other parameters, the nozzle-to-plate distance has a significant effect on the enhancement factor. For z/d ≤4, the improvement in local heat transfer is observed in the stagnation region ( x/d ≤2); while, for a higher value of nozzle to plate distance ( z/d$ \gt $ > 6), a uniform augmentation in thermal performance is noted across the entire heated surface. Elliptical and circular orifices exhibit better thermal performance compared to square and triangular orifices. The findings demonstrate that the foam-integrated foil significantly enhances heat transfer performance, particularly at increasing impinging distances.
Journals
2025 EN
Joshi Jaykumar · Sahu Santosh K
The present study reports the thermal behavior of multiple jets on a hot concave surface with different nozzle geometries such as circular and elliptical and different orientation. Tests are performed with five different nozzles at different values of nondimensional nozzle to surface distance (z/d = 2–10) and Reynolds number (5000–28,000). Here, the parameter coefficient of variation (COV) is used to estimate the non-uniformity in the local Nu variation. For N -2, the value of$CO{V_{y,non - dim}}$ CO V y , non − dimis found to be 50–60% higher compared to N -3 at z/d = 2; while at z/d ≥ 8, for N -3, the value of$CO{V_{y,non - dim}}$ CO V y , non − dimis found to be 10–15% higher compared to N -2. The higher temperature uniformity ($CO{V_{x,non - dim}}$ CO V x , non − dim) is noted in the fountain region compared to impingement region for the circular and elliptical nozzles. The thermal performance of elliptical jets is found to be sensitive toward the jet orientation at lower z/d values. The magnitude of temperature non-uniformity decreases with the increase in the z/d values. Among the tested nozzles, Nozzle N -2 consistently demonstrates superior performance across all nozzle-to-plate distances and with an increase in the z/d value improvement with nozzle N -2 reduces.
Journals
2025 EN
Akram Wasim · Lanjhiyana Sanjay Kumar · Sahu Kantrol Kumar
+2 more
Ulcerative colitis, a chronic inflammatory condition of the colon, requires precise and targeted treatment, and polysaccharides, with their pH responsiveness and biodegradability, offer an innovative approach for colon-specific drug delivery. This study aims to develop a highly precise drug delivery system with enhanced therapeutic and targeting efficiency for ulcerative colitis, focusing on the preparation, optimisation, and evaluation of dual cross-linked mesalamine-loaded sericin-pectin (D CL SPs) micro-beads. These beads utilise the pH-responsive and microflora biodegradability properties of polysaccharides for targeted colon delivery, employing the Response Surface Methodology. Formulated via the ionotropic gelation method with divalent cross-linking ions (Ca 2+ and SO 4 2– ), the D CL SPs were optimised using a Box-Behnken design to assess the impact of the varying drug, pectin, and sericin polymer proportions. The D CL SPs were evaluated for entrapment efficiency, thermal behaviour, surface morphology, water uptake, swelling, and in-vitro drug release. Results indicated that spherical beads were successfully developed, with encapsulation efficiency ranging from 65.1% to 95.5%, drug loading between 32.5% and 49.9%, bead sizes of 0.75 mm to 0.92 mm, and degrees of swelling from 0.92 to 1.82. Drug release was controlled by both diffusion and swelling mechanisms, as supported by the Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas models. The optimised formulation demonstrated high drug encapsulation efficiency, pH-responsive swelling, and strong adhesion to the colon, ensuring extended retention at the targeted site. Additionally, the incorporation of sericin enhanced the accuracy of Gaussian fitting for particle size distribution. Overall, the dual cross-linked sericin-pectin beads show potential as mucoadhesive carriers for delivering drugs specifically to the colon.
Journals
2025 EN
Mohanty Asutosh · Sahu Sudhakar
A compact, constricted magneto-electric dipole (MED) antenna design with enhanced performance is proposed. The design embodiment is split into discrete stages i.e. MED antenna configuration, ground reflector and metasurface radiator (MTS). The MED configuration achieves design compactness asserting annular loop E-dipole elements and metallic vias as H-dipole elements. The MED is excited by a planar metallic probe-fed connector, and operates from (5 to 6.2) GHz with a realized gain of (2.14–2.6) dBi. By incorporating a PEC reflector integrated with the MED configuration asserts operating range from (4.3 to 5.2) GHz with a realized gain of 7.6 dBi. Finally, loading an MTS, the proposed antenna operates from (4.18 to 6.15) GHz with 39% impedance bandwidth (IBW) and a realized gain of 8.2 dBi. It is found that the proposed antenna configuration exhibits a wideband response, a high radiation efficiency and a good flat-band gain. A fabricated antenna of the dimension$ 0.48\lambda _{0} 0.48 \lambda _{0} 0.17\lambda _{0} $ 0.48 λ 0 × 0.48 λ 0 × 0.17 λ 0($ \lambda _{0} $λ 0is the design test wavelength at 4.5 GHz) shows good agreement with the simulation and measured results, and is suitable for a smart Wi-Fi indoor environment.
Journals
2025 EN
Khadar Shaik Abdul · Sahu Sudhakar
An innovative triple-band circularly polarized (CP) MIMO antenna inspired by a metasurface, designed for advanced wireless communication systems has been reported in this article. The proposed antenna operates across 2.12 - 3.18 GHz, 4.36 - 5 GHz, and 5.80 - 6.80 GHz with respective bandwidths of 40%, 13.8%, and 15.9%. The axial ratio (AR) bandwidth lies entirely within the impedance bandwidth; ensuring stable CP with average gain approximately 1.92 dBi, 2.04 dBi & 2.40 dBi. Metasurface integration enhances AR bandwidth to 200 MHz, 450 MHz, and 500 MHz, and peak gains are enhanced to 9.5 dBi, 3.97 dBi, and 10.57 dBi. Metamaterial unit cells placed between MIMO elements improve isolation from 15 dB to over 30 dB. The design achieves wideband CP, high gain, and low mutual coupling. Excellent MIMO performance is confirmed through ECC, DG, CCL, and MEG metrics. Simulation and measurement results validate its effectiveness across S- and C-bands, making it ideal for Wi-Fi, WiMax, satellite, and 6G applications.