Journals
2026 EN
LipshitsBraziler Yuliya · Tatar Moshe · BenUri Ina
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ABSTRACT School counselors face an elevated risk of burnout due to heavy workloads and sustained stress, particularly during prolonged emergencies. This study examined psychological capital, a positive psychology construct comprising hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism, as a potential resource for promoting counselors’ work‐related well‐being, measured by burnout and perceived job functioning. Using latent profile analysis, we identified five distinct psychological capital profiles among 637 Israeli school counselors surveyed during the early months of the 2023 war: (1) positive‐minded yet vulnerable (34%); (2) confident yet fragile (34%); (3) competent yet hopeless (12%); (4) agentic yet pessimistic (11%); and (5) resilient yet nonconfident (9%). The profiles differed in burnout levels but not in perceived job functioning. Counselors in the resilient yet nonconfident profile reported the lowest burnout, highlighting resilience as a key occupational protective factor. Findings underscore the importance of fostering resilience to support counselors’ well‐being during prolonged emergencies.
Journals
2026 EN
Chen Weiwei
ABSTRACT This article examines the heterogeneity and drivers of Chinese manufacturing foreign direct investment (FDI) in Africa through a comparative analysis of Angola and Ethiopia. Drawing on 8 years of fieldwork (2015–2023), it develops a typology distinguishing market‐embedded firms from global production network (GPN)‐integrated firms, linking firm characteristics to host‐country institutional and policy contexts. This relational–institutional approach addresses limitations in conventional FDI frameworks that overlook variation within similar ownership categories and the influence of local institutional environments. The analysis shows how firm strategies, ownership structures and integration into global or local markets interact with sectoral conditions and industrial policies to shape divergent investment trajectories. Ethiopia's structured, export‐oriented strategy has attracted GPN‐integrated light manufacturers, while Angola's post‐war, market‐driven environment has favoured domestically oriented and diaspora‐led ‘translocal’ enterprises. By integrating firm‐level diversity with host‐country contexts, the article contributes to debates in FDI, GPN and Global China scholarship, offering insights for targeted industrial policies that maximise developmental outcomes.
Journals
2026 EN
Fino Edita · Mema Denis · Gobbini Maria Ida
Abstract Exposure to traumatic events is associated with biases in the perception of emotional facial expressions. By bridging research on trauma exposure and emotion recognition, the present study investigated the impact of war‐related trauma on the recognition of facial expressions of emotions in a sample of war trauma–exposed refugees ( N = 108) from West Asian countries. Through a forced‐choice facial emotion recognition experiment, we assessed how trauma exposure and face gender influenced accuracy and biases in identifying six primary emotions. Participants judged facial expressions of anger, sadness, fear, disgust, surprise, and happiness displayed by a set of 240 faces corresponding to 20 female and 20 male models from the Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces dataset. Expressions consisted of short videos showing each face's transition from neutral to full emotion. The results showed impaired recognition of negative emotions, with fear being the least accurately recognized emotion, suggesting the avoidance of negative affective states as a coping mechanism putatively associated with war‐related trauma. For main effects, partial eta‐squared effect sizes ranged from .159 to .573, and effect sizes for interaction effects ranged from .027 to .189, with most effects being in the medium‐to‐large range. Furthermore, the biases in emotion recognition observed in the present study may reflect gender stereotypes and social norms that shape how individuals perceive and interpret emotional expression in men and women.
Journals
2026 EN
Jones Alyssa C. · Myers Ursula S. · Badour Christal L.
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Abstract Disgust in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been relatively underexamined compared to other emotions, although it may be relevant to war‐related PTSD given potential exposure to both physical contaminants and moral violations. The present study examined the prevalence of disgust, mental contamination, and compulsive behaviors among veterans seeking PTSD treatment. Participants were 289 military veterans (79.2% male; M age = 43.82, SD = 13.61) referred for treatment at a U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs PTSD specialty clinic. Veterans completed measures of PTSD symptoms; trauma‐related disgust toward others and themselves; feelings of dirtiness in response to thoughts, images, or memories of the trauma (i.e., trauma‐cued mental contamination); compulsive behaviors; and time spent washing, cleaning, and/or avoiding feeling dirty. Combat was the most common index trauma (69.9%). Nearly three quarters (74.0%) of veterans endorsed at least moderate disgust toward others, and 61.2% endorsed at least moderate disgust toward oneself; about half (54.4%) endorsed at least moderate mental contamination, and 45.0% endorsed washing, cleaning, and/or avoiding feeling dirty at least 1 hr per day. Disgust toward others, disgust toward oneself, and mental contamination were significantly correlated with PTSD symptoms, r s = .41–.57, p s < .001. Multiple regression analysis indicated that all three predictors were associated with PTSD symptoms, F (3, 274) = 79.68, p < .001, R 2 = .47, with disgust toward oneself the strongest predictor, β = .30, p < .001. The present study suggests a notable prevalence of disgust, contamination, and time spent avoiding feeling dirty among veterans seeking PTSD treatment.
Journals
2026 EN
Cilingir Sinem · Bicici Polat · Aksoy Alper
ABSTRACT Reconstruction of the columella, one of the smallest facial subunits, presents significant aesthetic and functional challenges due to its complex anatomy, limited local tissue for repair, and restricted vascularisation. Although many methods are described, literature on microsurgical solutions for complex secondary reconstructions, especially after conventional methods have failed, remains limited. This report introduces a tailored, single‐stage approach that combines a first web space free flap from the foot with an iliac bone graft to provide both soft tissue coverage and structural support, while also reviewing other microsurgical techniques. A 24‐year‐old patient presented with a severe deformity, including a shortened columella, depressed nasal tip, and a scar extending to the right upper lip, causing alopecia in the mustache area due to a shrapnel injury during the Palestine War. After excising scar tissue and a necrotic L‐strut from a previous failed surgery, a 2 × 3 cm columellar and septal defect was created. A fasciocutaneous free flap from the first web space of the foot was planned as a 2.5 × 4 cm rectangle, positioned transversely over the first web space and microsurgically transferred for end‐to‐end anastomosis to the angular artery and vein, then folded over an iliac bone graft to provide both external skin coverage and internal lining. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on the fifth day. At the one‐year follow‐up, the reconstructed columella remained stable, and the patient expressed high satisfaction with the final aesthetic and functional results. This report shows that the first web space free flap, combined with a structural bone graft, offers a single‐stage solution for complex columellar defects, providing a tailored approach when conventional methods have failed or are insufficient. The novelty of this approach lies in using an iliac bone graft, which offers strong and durable support capable of resisting scar contracture and maintaining long‐term nasal tip projection despite heavily scarred tissue. Compared with other reviewed techniques, this single‐stage approach avoids the multiple procedures required for prefabricated flaps and reduces donor site morbidity or bulkiness. Furthermore, its long vascular pedicle is an advantage over shorter‐pedicled auricular or hand flaps, while the robust bone graft supplies a more durable framework against the contractile forces of compromised local tissue than cartilage‐based reconstructions.
Journals
2026 EN
Hodges Dawn Z.
T his year, 2026, is a very special one in the history of the United States of America. The U.S. is still a relatively young country; it will be 250 years old on July 4. That's the anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence. From those who fought the Revolutionary War to those who fought every war since, we have been blessed with many leaders, and we’ve had capable leaders in so many areas of building and developing a free nation. Listed here are just a few of our nation's leaders:
Journals
2026 EN
Heald Andrew · Gray Rebecca M. · Arnold Marion
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ABSTRACT Background Infants with gastroschisis represent a high‐risk surgical population, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) where perioperative resources are constrained. While survival in high‐income settings exceeds 90%, reported mortality in Sub‐Saharan Africa ranges from 58.1% to 100%. Anesthesia‐related adverse events (ARAEs) may contribute to poor perioperative risk, yet data on their incidence and associated factors in this population are limited. Aims To describe the incidence and nature of ARAEs in infants with gastroschisis and identify associated risk factors. A secondary aim was to assess the frequency and safety of general anesthesia administered solely for central venous catheter (CVC) procedures. Methods A retrospective cohort study of all infants with gastroschisis admitted to Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital between 2012 and 2021. ARAEs were defined using criteria from APRICOT and NECTARINE studies. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to account for repeated anesthetic exposures per patient. Results Sixty‐five infants underwent 196 general anesthetics (median 2 [IQR 1–4] per patient). Sixteen infants underwent 4 or more GAEs for CVC procedures alone. ARAEs occurred in 79 procedures (40.3%), affecting 51 patients (78.5%). Cardiovascular instability was most common, followed by respiratory complications. ARAEs were significantly more frequent during pathology‐related surgery than during CVC procedures (45.7% vs. 12.5%; adjusted OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.35, p < 0.001). Conclusions ARAEs are common in infants with gastroschisis, particularly during pathology‐related procedures. Potential lessons include careful fluid management, anticipatory extubation planning, and reducing repeated anesthetic exposure. Strengthening perioperative data systems in LMICs and conducting prospective studies are needed to identify modifiable risks and develop safe, context‐specific care pathways to improve outcomes for infants with gastroschisis in resource‐limited settings.
Journals
2026 EN
Tkadlec Emil · Aulický Radek · Bednář Marek
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Abstract BACKGROUND Environmental heterogeneity in agricultural landscapes is a key driver of biodiversity and ecological processes, yet its role in shaping the population dynamics of pest species remains insufficiently studied. In central Europe, post‐war collectivisation led to widespread homogenisation of farmland, notably through the enlargement of arable fields. This study examined the effects of this structural simplification by assessing the relationship between field size, a key configurational component of landscape heterogeneity in farmland, and the abundance of the common vole ( Microtus arvalis ), a major agricultural pest, monitored in forage fields over 7 years in the Czech Republic. RESULTS Linear mixed models, accounting for season, crop type and altitude, revealed a robust, nonlinear positive relationship between field size and vole population density, with the most pronounced effect in fields smaller than 20 ha. Alfalfa fields consistently supported the highest vole densities in autumn, indicating that both habitat quality and patch size jointly influence vole abundance. CONCLUSION This study provides the first empirical evidence of a positive density–area relationship in voles, challenging theoretical expectations and previous field evidence predicting negative or neutral responses in ground‐dwelling species. The findings have important implications for nationwide pest management and landscape planning, suggesting that reducing field size could help mitigate crop damage while promoting more resilient and ecologically balanced agroecosystems. © 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Journals
2026 EN
Novotný Josef · Levkova Anna · Drbohlav Dušan
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ABSTRACT This article examines return plans of forcibly displaced persons from Ukraine in Czechia, which has one of the highest relative shares of Ukrainian refugees in population. It draws on data from two rounds of cross‐sectional surveys conducted in 2022 ( N = 1037) and 2023 ( N = 350), including a panel subsample ( N = 116). Using exploratory network analysis and structural equation modelling informed by the theory of planned behaviour, the study captures the complexity of drivers and mechanisms underlying refugees' decision‐making. Empirically, it moves beyond the predominantly descriptive literature on Ukrainian refugees' return plans. Theoretically, it advances understanding of how (forced) migration aspirations are formed. Findings challenge the assumption that return plans decline naturally with time and integration. Instead, shifts in perceived control over return drive individual‐level changes over time, while social norms, particularly family pressures, strongly influence cross‐sectional variations. These psychosocial drivers and return plans are shaped more by attachment to Ukraine (emotional, social, identity‐related and material) than by integration levels or hardships in Czechia, including policy restrictions on refugees' well‐being. Our findings support the need for balanced return policies that acknowledge social ties, enhance perceptions of return feasibility and offer flexible pathways to prevent return from being seen as irreversible.
Journals
2026 EN
KubicielLodzińska Sabina · Gardecki Arkadiusz · Ruszczak Bogdan
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ABSTRACT Poland has emerged as one of the primary destinations for Ukrainian refugees, with ~953,000 forced migrants from Ukraine residing in the country as of May 2024. This paper examines the differences in labour market integration between Ukrainian voluntary migrants and forced migrants in Poland, comparing their situations from 2022 to 2024. The analysis is based on three quantitative surveys conducted in 2022, 2023 and 2024. The article compares the situation of both groups of migrants in several aspects: labour market situation, job satisfaction, knowledge of spoken Polish and migrants' residence plans. Our research revealed that the differences between the two groups evolved throughout the study period. Among the surveyed group of Ukrainian refugees, the proportion of those entering employment has increased significantly, reaching 64% in 2024. In the same year, the employment rate among pre‐war migrants was higher, at 75.7%. The survey shows that the knowledge of the Polish language among refugees has improved over the analysed period. In the first edition of the survey, more than 20% of respondents did not speak Polish, whereas in 2024, this number had decreased to 3.2%. Our research contributes to human capital theory by emphasising that the realisation of migrants' potential—how effectively they utilise and develop their skills, education and experiences in their new country—depends not only on their qualifications but also nature of migration and shows the contrast between voluntary and forced migrants from the same country.