Journals
2026 EN
Taşkın Zehra
Abstract This review examines the role of open citations in fostering transparency, reproducibility, and accessibility in scholarly communication. Through a critical synthesis of diverse sources—articles, proceedings, presentations, datasets, and blog posts—it explores the motivations behind citing, the evolving meanings of citations, and key milestones in the open citation movement. Particular attention is given to initiatives like OpenCitations and the Initiative for Open Citations (I4OC), highlighting their contributions to advancing open scholarship. Key findings indicate that open citations democratize research by providing free access to citation data, improving discoverability, and facilitating the creation of public citation graphs. Technological advancements, such as advanced data models and reference mining tools, have significantly contributed to the management and utilization of citation data. Despite these benefits, challenges such as ensuring data quality and standardization, addressing structural inequalities in citation networks, and achieving universal publisher adoption persist. The study concludes with recommendations for future efforts, emphasizing policy advocacy, technological innovation, global collaboration, and educational initiatives to promote the widespread adoption and effective use of open citations. These strategies aim to make the “frozen footprints” of scholarly communication accessible to all, fostering a more equitable and transparent scientific landscape.
Journals
2026 EN
Kanchanaharuthai Adirak
Abstract This study introduces a simplified adaptive backstepping excitation control aimed at improving the transient stability of electric power systems. The controller addresses the challenges of simplifying adaptive backstepping control for multi‐machine systems. Unlike traditional backstepping, dynamic surface, and command‐filtered backstepping controllers, ours eliminates the need for virtual stabilizing functions, their derivatives, and any filters, thus significantly reducing computational burden. Additionally, a one‐order compensation subsystem is employed to mitigate the impact of nonlinear uncertainties using an adaptive control scheme and the congelation of variables technique. Through this approach, the proposed controller involves only one actual control law and one adaptive law, allowing for direct use. The performance of the closed‐loop system is analyzed based on the Lyapunov stability theorem. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated using an IEEE 9‐bus multi‐machine power system (WSCC power system) consisting of nine buses and three machines. Simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the developed controller and its superior performance compared to traditional backstepping, dynamic surface, and command‐filtered backstepping control designs.
Journals
2026 EN
Han Xiumei · Xu Xiaolu · Yan Xiaofeng
+1 more
Abstract In this study, the optimal event‐triggered trajectory tracking control problem for under‐actuated autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) is investigated. First, a virtual velocity control law is designed for the position and attitude tracking error system using the backstepping approach. Next, the velocity tracking error is derived. By integrating the position, attitude, and velocity‐tracking errors, a comprehensive tracking error system is constructed, and a corresponding cost function for the system is defined. Then, the optimal event‐triggered control law is designed using event‐triggered adaptive dynamic programming, employing only a single critic network. The approximation error of the critic network and the stability of the tracking error system are analyzed using Lyapunov theory. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed optimal event‐triggered control law.
Journals
2026 EN
Song Tangzhong · Fang Lijin · Zhang Yue
Abstract This paper delves into the problem of high‐precision tracking control for robotic systems, specifically addressing challenges posed by model uncertainties and external disturbances. To this end, a new nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode surface (NFTSM) with an unified structure is developed to circumvent singularity, without segmenting sliding manifold into multiple segments, which can improve steady‐state accuracy and reduce the complexity of the sliding surface. Following that, a Lyapunov stable controller characterized by a fast convergence law has been developed to stabilize the tracking errors to zero with bounded time. To address model uncertainties and external disturbances, a novel nonlinear disturbance observer (DO) is devised. The DO only has one adjusted parameter and can effectively estimate lumped disturbances to provide a feedforward compensation. Crucially, there is no requirement for upper bounds of disturbances and their derivatives during the design steps. Finally, the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed scheme are verified by extensive simulations and experiments conducted on a 7‐DOF robot manipulator. The results sufficiently illustrate that the proposed DO‐based sliding mode control scheme has high tracking accuracy, good robustness, and disturbance‐rejection abilities.
Journals
2026 EN
Li Meiqing · Shao Yu · Sun Liying
Abstract The paper discusses dynamical behaviors of the nonlinear electrical circuit model to analyze the stability performance via the proposed finite‐time sliding mode control algorithm. Firstly, by applying Kirchhoff's law, the combination of circuit components makes the model exhibit characteristics of singular systems; the generated connections are governed by both implicit constraints and explicit dynamics. Secondly, using the singular system framework, a suitable sliding mode control algorithm is developed to drive the state variables to the sliding surface within a specified timeT ∗ }^{\ast } $$ . Criteria are established to guarantee singular finite‐time boundedness during both the reaching and sliding phases. The results that illustrate the dynamic variables related to circuit model can guarantee that behavior remains within specified bounds within a limited time. The proposed approach reduces conservatism and simplifies tedious computations, enhancing both practicality and flexibility of the obtained results. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is demonstrated through simulation results.
Journals
2026 EN
Li Dan · Cui Yang · Chen Ming
+1 more
Abstract The paper focuses on the issue of trajectory tracking control of multijoint manipulators with unknown disturbance terms. Firstly, for the external disturbances and modeling uncertainties of the controlled manipulator system, an adaptive sliding mode observer is designed. The estimated results are used in the subsequent controller design to eliminate the influence of unknown disturbances on the system stability. Secondly, an improved fast terminal sliding surface is proposed to solve the singular problem. Meanwhile, the double power reaching law and the arctangent function are introduced to reduce the amplitude and frequency of the chattering. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the proposed adaptive sliding mode observer achieves accurate unknown disturbance estimation while the dynamically optimized fast terminal sliding surface ensures convergence within a fixed time. Finally, the presented scheme is verified by a numerical simulation example of a two‐joint manipulator.
Journals
2026 EN
Kassim Mohammed D. · AlMahdi Adel M. · AlGharabli Mohammad M.
+1 more
Abstract The study of swelling soils is of considerable importance in geotechnical engineering and soil mechanics due to their capacity to undergo significant volumetric changes in response to moisture variation. These volumetric changes can affect the mechanical stability of structures such as foundations, retaining walls, and pavements. Traditional thermoelastic models often fall short in capturing the complex interaction between thermal, mechanical, and poroelastic effects in such materials, especially when memory and hereditary behavior are prominent. This necessitates the development of more sophisticated models that integrate porous effects with nonlocal time operators such as fractional derivatives. In this paper, we consider a fractional thermoelastic swelling system consisting of two‐wave equations in one‐dimensional argument with a heat conduction equation based on Fourier's law. The coupling occurs with the first component of the system, describing the displacement of the fluid. We prove that the system is Mittag‐Leffler is stable under the usual physical condition on the coefficients of the system and the only dissipation resulting from the heat. Our result is obtained by using the multiplier method and some properties in fractional calculus.
Journals
2026 EN
Tung Joshua Yi Min · Lau Rachel ShuEn · Teo Edmund Pek Siang
+16 more
Abstract Introduction Prostate‐Specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography (PSMA PET/CT) has shown a higher diagnostic accuracy in prostate cancer imaging when compared to conventional modalities, with improved sensitivity and specificity rates when combined with multiparametric prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mpMRI). We evaluated the cost‐effectiveness of a combined PSMA PET/CT and mpMRI biopsy‐free diagnostic approach for clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). Method A decision tree model was designed to compare two diagnostic strategies for csPCa in men with raised Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)—the first with conventional mpMRI followed by transperineal prostate biopsy versus a second biopsy‐free, PSMA PET/CT plus mpMRI combined imaging strategy. We evaluated the impact of each strategy on costs and Quality‐Adjusted‐Life‐Years (QALYs). Willingness‐to‐pay thresholds were set at 1× and 3× Gross Domestic Product (GDP). One‐way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. Results A combined mpMRI and PSMA PET/CT diagnostic strategy was 0.04 QALY more effective but SGD$4088.03 more expensive than the conventional mpMRI and biopsy strategy. The incremental cost‐effective ratio (ICER) was SGD$92782.87 per quality‐adjusted life year (QALY). In the combined imaging strategy, 3.5% of the cohort had a missed diagnosis of prostate cancer versus 13.9% in the conventional mpMRI and biopsy strategy. Probabilistic analyses showed that the combined imaging strategy was cost‐effective at willingness‐to‐pay thresholds of SGD$121160 and SGD$363480, respectively. Conclusion Combined mpMRI and PSMA PET/CT for csPCa diagnosis are a cost‐effective strategy in terms of health utility over the conventional approach for diagnosing csPCa in men with raised PSA, potentially reducing the need for invasive diagnostic procedures.
Journals
2026 EN
Engel Christoph · Golder Jasmin · Rahal RimaMaria
ABSTRACT People are often unable or unwilling to ignore thoughts they should disregard. This issue is particularly problematic in legal contexts, where defendants should be judged on the merits of the case, not on prejudice, rumors, or evidence obtained through questionable methods. This is why criminal law of procedure regulates which information can be introduced in a trial. In a series of online vignette experiments involving 1432 US participants, we examine the biasing impact of two types of inadmissible evidence: prior convictions (character evidence) and wiretap confessions. We failed to show that character evidence biases jurors' judgments of the defendant's guilt, whereas wiretap evidence had a strong effect. We also assess the effectiveness of four debiasing interventions aimed at helping jurors ignore inadmissible evidence. While these interventions reduced bias, they did not fully eliminate it. These results provide nuance in the debate about information in the courtroom that should be suppressed.
Journals
2026 EN
Skriloff Owen · Stoukides Demetrios M. · Tzanakakis Emmanuel S.
ABSTRACT Bioprocesses for stem cell‐based therapeutics are resource‐ and time‐intensive, hindering the generation of sufficient data for machine learning‐informed development. We describe a framework combining data augmentation, multivariate regression, and feature importance analysis to investigate the relationship between metabolites and critical quality attributes (CQAs) of cultured stem cells. A first‐principles model (FP), a hybrid model using neural ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with stoichiometric constraints (HD), and a purely statistical neural ODE model (NODEAM) were considered. Probing these models through data augmentation, we generated synthetic data and amplified the biological information encoded in each modality, directly linking architectural choices to their ability to capture relevant dynamics. For all models, the validation error remained relatively constant, and the convergence of the feature importance tensor followed a power law with the number of augmented runs. Temporal feature importance and functional data analysis of variance revealed key time windows during which glucose and lactate showed strong correlation with CQAs. The HD model provided the best fidelity and accuracy, underscoring the value of combining mechanistic and statistical modeling for improved interpretability at lower complexity. Overall, this framework can yield insights into the physiology of cultivated cells and can be adapted for various culture‐based biomanufacturing systems.