Journals
2025 EN
Ram Mohan · Gadhavi Devesh · Sahu Aradhana
+7 more
Unlike in its African range, very little information is available on the movement patterns of Lesser Flamingos in India. In one of the first satellite telemetry studies of Lesser Flamingos in India, we provide novel insights into the species’ movement patterns, which may further supplement the existing management of their key feeding and breeding sites. We investigated the daily movement patterns corresponding to the Lesser Flamingo’s feeding strategies, long-distance movements corresponding to potential nomadism, home range patterns and habitat use across important feeding sites in India. We deployed GPS-GSM satellite transmitters on four sub-adults and tracked their movements between September 2022 and July 2023. Their home ranges were calculated using kernel density estimators, and movement patterns were calculated using the Tracking Analyst toolbox in ArcGIS software. Habitat use was investigated by employing a robust machine-learning algorithm, Random Forest. The four Lesser Flamingos covered a mean ± SD distance of 2541.55 ± 1946.04 km per month, and an average daily distance of 83.45 ± 64.63 km. Long-distance movements were observed in two individuals. Overall, the mean home ranges (95% KDE) were calculated as 223.82 ± 337.48 km 2 and core areas (50% KDE) as 39.14 ± 65.71 km 2 . The birds’ movements were positively associated with saltpans, mudflats, waterbodies and intertidal swamps. The long-distance movement pattern observed hints at the Lesser Flamingos’ nomadism, switching between key feeding sites across Gujarat and Maharashtra. This requires the conservation of their key feeding sites, in particular, and their breeding sites in general.
Journals
2025 EN
Sahoo Subhadra · Sahu Amrit Anand · Pradhan Anupam
+3 more
The Cascabela Thevetia (CT) plant, from the Apocynaceae family, is known for its use in traditional medicine across Central and South America and tropical Asia. This study examines the effect of CT leaf extract on the corrosion behavior of maraging steel in a 1 M H 2 SO 4 solution. The addition of leaf extract (10 to 50 ml) reduced the corrosion rate (CR), with higher concentrations leading to greater inhibition efficiency, from 64.04% to 88.35%. Same trend is observed with rising temperatures. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed that$R_{ct}$ R ct(charge transfer resistance) increases with rising inhibitor concentration, signifying enhanced ‘blanketing’ properties of the protective film as the inhibitor concentration increases. Additionally, the calculated free energy value i.e.${\rm \; }\Delta G^$Δ G ∘≤ 20 KJ/mol suggests that physisorption is the dominant adsorption process. The reduction in the randomness of inhibitor molecules is evident from the calculated$\Delta S^$ Δ S ∘. Moreover, a positive$\Delta H^$ Δ H ∘value indicates that the inhibition process is endothermic. SEM analysis confirmed that the inhibitor reduced surface porosity, resulting in a smoother surface.
Journals
2025 EN
Banik Debtirtha · Kinage Anil K. · Vasireddy Satyam Naidu
Citral intermediates’ formation kinetics is studied using non-noble metal catalyst (Cu/SiO 2 ) to evaluate catalyst performance characteristics via chemoselective hydrogenation of citral. The catalyst is synthesised by the precipitation method and characterised using XRD, FESEM and BET surface area analyser. Hydrogenation experiments are carried out using an Autoclave reactor in the temperature range of 80–120°C, pressure range of 10–50 bar and for catalyst loadings of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g. The intermediates product distribution comprises aldehyde and alcohol formation such as citronellal, nerol and citronellol formation. The performance of the Cu/SiO 2 catalyst is evaluated using the parameters such as citral conversion, citronellol selectivity and yield as 96.96%, 95.30% and 92.30%, respectively under optimal conditions of 50 bar, 120°C and 1 g catalyst for the reaction time of 100 min. The absence of internal and external mass transfer limitations is verified using the Carberry number and Weisz-Prater modulus criterion. The intrinsic kinetics of the gas–liquid phase hydrogenation of citral is determined using the Langmuir–Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson (LHHW) model for citral intermediates formation. The reaction kinetic parameters show that citronellol formation favours by the nerol route compared to citronellal conversion. HIGHLIGHT Citral conversion to its intermediate chemicals using a non-noble metal catalyst (Cu/SiO 2 ) Intrinsic kinetics evaluation using the LHHW model for citral hydrogenation Evaluation of performance parameters for citral hydrogenation to its intermediates Improved conversion of unsaturated alcohol (nerol) and aldehyde to saturated alcohol (citronellol) Citral conversion to its intermediate chemicals using a non-noble metal catalyst (Cu/SiO 2 ) Intrinsic kinetics evaluation using the LHHW model for citral hydrogenation Evaluation of performance parameters for citral hydrogenation to its intermediates Improved conversion of unsaturated alcohol (nerol) and aldehyde to saturated alcohol (citronellol)
Journals
2025 EN
Sahu Pradeep Kumar · Patel Kuldip Singh
In this work, three variable time step operator splitting (OS) methods, namely, BDF-OS, Crank–Nicolson (CN)-OS and midpoint (MP)-OS, are developed to solve the linear complementarity problem (LCP) in American option pricing. The stability and error estimates of the proposed methods are derived. The proposed methods are unconditionally stable for$ (\sigma ^2+d-3r)slant 0 $ ( σ 2 + d − 3 r ) ⩽ 0 , where σ is the volatility, d is the dividend and r is the interest rate. Further, these are conditionally stable for$ (\sigma ^2+d-3r) \gt 0 $ ( σ 2 + d − 3 r ) > 0 , and conditions on time step size ($ k_n $k n) are derived in terms of σ , d and r . The bounds on the errors at each time step are also produced. The spatial differential operators are discretized with finite difference approximations, and algorithms are provided to solve the fully discrete problems. The numerical illustrations are supplemented to demonstrate the efficiency, stability and convergence of the proposed methods.
Journals
2025 EN
Sahu Smita Rani · Tripathy Biswajit
Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) communication framework are employed to improve communication between vehicles on the highway and urban roads. Evaluating the best routing path by satisfying the QoS (Quality of Service) plays a substantial role in networking. Researchers for maximising the routing efficiency have employed numerous methods. But these criteria cannot be attained effectively due to certain limitations, including frequent route failure, high overhead, increased packet loss rate, less throughput and packet delivery rate. Hence, this work presents an effective strategy to offer better communication services with less energy consumption and high flexibility using QoS-based energy efficient routing framework with clustering (QoS_EErcF) network model. Initially, different clusters are formed by considering the constraints like node direction, link reliability, speed and distance. The cluster heads (CH) are chosen from the clusters with the dissemination of gateway nodes and cluster members using an Amended rapid cosine similarity-founded clustering mechanism (Arc_SimC). The best routing strategy for transmitting the data from source to destination is performed by using Integrated Pelican with grasshopper optimisation algorithm (IPel_Ghop). Constraints such as bandwidth, node distance, energy, packet loss rate, network traffic and end-to-end delay are considered to find the optimal path. The results are simulated using MATLAB, whereas the energy efficiency of a proposed model is obtained to be 98.37%, and the packet delivery ratio is attained as 99.60%.
Journals
2025 EN
Karmakar Priyanka · Sahu P.K
This paper proposes a vertical tunnel FET with pocket (VP-TFET)-based standard ternary inverter (T-inverter) model for low-power applications. Using TCAD Sentaurus tool and mixed-mode simulations, it is verified that the device can exhibit T-inverter voltage transfer characteristics (VTCs) with three steady output voltage levels when the doping length and concentration of the pocket are optimized The device’s T-inverter characteristics are achieved by employing channel-channel and source-channel tunnelling mechanisms. Current matching is crucial for n -/p–type devices to produce a steady third output voltage state. The proposed ternary inverter’s static noise margin (SNM) and static and dynamic power dissipations are computed to be 220 mV, 4.8 × 10 −12 W, and 4 × 10 −12 W, respectively, which assures better noise immunity and low power consumption compared to other models.
Journals
2025 EN
Moharana Prakash Kumar · Behera Debidatta · Devi Maya
+2 more
Utilising density functional theory (DFT), we conducted a comprehensive investigation into the structural, electronic, elastic, and optical properties of silicon-doped titanium dioxide (Si-doped TiO 2 ). The structural optimisation was carried out employing the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof generalised gradient approximation (PBE-GGA). The calculated ground-state parameters for both pristine and silicon-doped TiO 2 exhibit excellent agreement with previously reported findings, thereby affirming their validity. The stability of the compounds under investigation is substantiated by formation energy calculations, which consistently indicate negative formation energies for undoped, 3.15%, and 6.25% Si-doped TiO 2 , confirming their thermodynamic stability. Furthermore, the substitution of silicon atoms for titanium within the TiO 2 lattice results in a discernible reduction in the band gap, quantified to be approximately 0.25 eV at lower doping levels. Theoretical simulations indicate that silicon doping significantly modifies the valence and conduction bands of TiO 2 , resulting in the formation of various hybrid states that enhance the mobility of photogenerated carriers. This theoretical prediction is corroborated by experimental evidence. The enhanced optical properties of the investigated compounds render them highly suitable for applications in optoelectronic devices.
Journals
2025 EN
Kher Jaggi Ruchi · Sahu Shambhu
With over 690 million internet users, India ranks second globally in terms of internet user, trailing only China. This surge in internet penetration is fueling online content consumption among preschoolers in the country. As per Statista’s January 2024 data, India has the largest share of YouTube worldwide viewership, with 462 million users, which is nearly double of the 239 million users in the United States. Notably, six out of the 10 most-viewed videos on YouTube globally, cater to the preschoolers. Topping the list for 2024 is “Baby Shark Dance” by Pinkfong Kids’ Songs & Stories with a massive 13.93 billion views on YouTube, and its channel boasting 80.4 M subscribers. The other similar-category videos in the top-ten list include: “Johny Johny Yes Papa” by LooLoo Kids, “Bath Song” and “Wheels on the Bus” by Cocomelon – Nursery Rhymes, “Phonics Song with Two Words” by ChuChu TV, and “Learning Colors – Colorful Eggs on a Farm” by Miroshka TV. These statistics underscore the extensive online consumption of content specifically designed for young children, while also highlighting India’s significant role as a major consumer hub for such content. It is in this context that this paper examines the creative industry practices behind production of such content consumed largely on mobile or TV screens by preschoolers in India. This study engages with select content creators from India who have been developing content on YouTube for preschoolers. Adopting a theoretical framework that synthesizes the political economy perspective with the critical media industry studies (CMIS) framework proposed by Havens et al., the paper critically interrogates the children’s content industry within the context of the economic and cultural forces that shape it. The production of content cultures serves as a starting point for exploring the digital content ecology for preschool children in India. It also explores how these children’s contents are shaped in India and also, how the quotidian practices surrounding this content have shaped the industry practices in the Indian context. Given the significant economic potential of this industry, which shapes the media discourse significantly, this paper seeks to gain a deeper understanding of the business culture within the media industry; and also of the creative industry practices of digital content creators and the online video ecology for preschoolers, in India. With a constructivist epistemic foundation, the study investigates industry practices around this content by reviewing secondary data and intensive interviews with content creators, and producers.
Journals
2025 EN
Nandkeolyar Mamata · Sarkar Arindam · Sahu Bidhubhusan
Understanding heat transfer in non-Newtonian fluids under magnetic fields is crucial for industrial, biological, and engineering applications. Studying MHD Casson fluid flow over a bidirectional stretched sheet is essential to understand intricate heat transfer behaviours in processes like metal stretching and polymer extrusion. This study examines MHD Casson fluid flow and heat transfer over a bidirectional stretching sheet, considering variable thermal conductivity, viscous dissipation, and thermal radiation. Velocity slip condition is applied which applies further complexity into problem. The governing PDEs are converted into coupled ODEs using similarity transformation and solved numerically using spectral quasilinearisation method (SQLM). It has been observed that the Eckert number has a great impact on the heat transfer coefficient, it increases by about$ 187.15\% $ 187.15 %with an enhancement of the Eckert number from$ 0.3 $ 0.3to$ 0.6. $ 0.6.Both$ x $ xand$ y $ ydirectional velocity profiles decrease with Hartmann number, Casson parameter, and the slip velocity parameter$ {\lambda _1} $λ 1and$ {\lambda _2}. $λ 2 .This study's findings are relevant to biomedical engineering (e.g. targeted drug delivery) and polymer manufacturing (e.g. extrusion and film stretching). The inclusion of bidirectional stretching and slip conditions also makes it applicable to microfluidic and nanofluidic applications. The results are further validated by their agreement with earlier research.
Resource
2025 EN
Sahu Rakesh · Singh Dheerendra Pratap
Mountain lakes are one of the critical indicators of climate change and are also responsible for glacier hazards. Mapping glacial lakes is essential for monitoring them and forecasting glacier-related hazards. Remote sensing images play a crucial role in achieving this by enabling accurate and effective mapping of glacial lakes. This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of traditional pixel-based and object-based methods, along with machine learning and deep learning methods for glacial lake mapping, complemented by a brief summary of available datasets. Deep learning models offer superior accuracy compared to conventional pixel-based, object-based, and machine learning methods. While other natural resource mapping studies have successfully employed advanced deep learning models such as Swin Transformer, Hybrid CNN-ViT, and HRNet with novel backbone architectures, glacial lake mapping has predominantly relied on a limited number of deep learning models. Therefore, this review recommends to use these models for glacial lake mapping in the future.