The development of more potent selective oestrogen receptor antagonists and degraders (SERDs) that can be orally administered could help to address the limitations of current endocrine therapies. We report the primary and final analyses of the coopERA Breast Cancer study, designed to test whether giredestrant, a highly potent, non-steroidal, oral SERD, would show a stronger anti-proliferative effect than anastrozole after 2 weeks for oestrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative, untreated early breast cancer.
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are an emergent class of low-dimensional materials with growing applications in the field of nanoelectronics. However, efficient methods for synthesizing large monocrystals of these systems are still lacking. Here, we describe an efficient synthetic route for a large number of TMDs that were obtained in quartz glass ampoules by sulfuric vapor transport and liquid sulfur. Unlike the sublimation technique, the metal enters the gas phase in the form of molecules, hence containing a greater amount of sulfur than the growing crystal. We have investigated the physical properties for a selection of these crystals and compared them to state-of-the-art findings reported in the literature. The acquired electronic properties features demonstrate the overall high quality of single crystals grown in this work as exemplified by CoS 2 , ReS 2 , NbS 2 , and TaS 2 . This new approach to synthesize high-quality TMD single crystals can alleviate many material quality concerns and is suitable for emerging electronic devices.
During the past decade, two-dimensional (2D) layered materials opened novel opportunities for the exploration of exciting new physics and devices owing to their physical and electronic properties. Among 2D materials, iron selenide has attracted much attention from several physicists as they provide a fruitful stage for developing new superconductors. Chemical doping offers a powerful approach to manipulate and optimize the electronic structure and physical properties of materials. Here, to reveal how doping affects the physical properties in FeSe, we report on complementary measurements of molybdenum- and sulfur-doped FeSe with theoretical calculations. Mo 0.1 Fe 0.9 Se 0.9 S 0.1 was synthesized by a one-step solid-state reaction method. Crystal structure and morphology were studied using powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Thermal stability and decomposition behavior in doped samples were studied by thermogravimetric analysis, and to understand the microscopic influence of doping, we performed Raman spectroscopy. First-principles calculations of the electronic structure illustrate distinct changes of electronic structures of the substituted FeSe systems, which can be responsible for their superconducting properties.
Notwithstanding decades of progress since Yukawa first developed adescription of the force between nucleons in terms of meson exchange, a fullunderstanding of the strong interaction remains a major challenge in modernscience. One remaining difficulty arises from the non-perturbative nature ofthe strong force, which leads to the phenomenon of quark confinement atdistances on the order of the size of the proton. Here we show that inrelativistic heavy-ion collisions, where quarks and gluons are set free over anextended volume, two species of produced vector (spin-1) mesons, namely $\phi$and $K^{*0}$, emerge with a surprising pattern of global spin alignment. Inparticular, the global spin alignment for $\phi$ is unexpectedly large, whilethat for $K^{*0}$ is consistent with zero. The observed spin-alignment patternand magnitude for the $\phi$ cannot be explained by conventional mechanisms,while a model with a connection to strong force fields, i.e. an effective proxydescription within the Standard Model and Quantum Chromodynamics, accommodatesthe current data. This connection, if fully established, will open a potentialnew avenue for studying the behaviour of strong force fields.