Nachhaltige Herstellung von Lithiumeisenphosphat

Batterien mit LFP‐Kathoden werden bislang fast nur in China produziert. Um diese Abhängigkeit zu verringern, setzt Lanxess auf zwei alternative Herstellprozesse für LFP‐Kathodenmaterial und bietet dafür neue Rohstoffe an. Dazu zählen etwa zwei neue Eisenoxide sowie Eisenphosphat. Ziel ist es, gemeinsam mit Partnern eine Wertschöpfungskette für LFP‐Batterien zu schaffen, die westliche Märkte sicher versorgt. Im Fokus stehen dabei unbedenkliche Rohstoffe, Klimafreundlichkeit und ein effizientes Recycling im Sinne von Stoffkreisläufen.

Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel Indole‐Based small molecules as sirtuin inhibitors with anticancer activities

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer‐related mortality worldwide, driven mainly by chronic hepatitis infections and metabolic disorders, which highlights the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. Sirtuins, particularly SIRT1 are crucial in HCC pathogenesis, making it a promising drug target. Indole‐based molecules show potential as therapeutic agents by interacting with key proteins like sirtuins involved in cancer progression. In this study, we designed and synthesized novel indole‐based small molecules and investigated their potential sirtuin inhibitory action and anticancer activity on HCC cell lines. Four of the twenty‐eight tested small molecules on different cancer types were selected ( 4 g , 4 h , 4o , and 7j ) based on their structure–activity relationship and studied on a panel of HCC cell lines. Compounds had active drug‐target interactions with SIRT1 or SIRT2 based on DEEPScreen DTI predictions and docking studies which confirmed that 4o , 4 g , and 7j were most potent in their interaction with SIRT1. Compound 4 g caused the highest sirtuin activity inhibition in vitro and induced G1 arrest and apoptosis in HCC cell lines.

Vascular syndrome predicts the development and course of epilepsy after perinatal stroke

Objective Epilepsy develops in one third of the patients after perinatal stroke. It is still unclear which vascular syndrome of ischemic stroke carries higher risk of epilepsy. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the risk of epilepsy according to the vascular syndrome of perinatal stroke. Methods The study included 39 children with perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (13 with anterior or posterior trunk of the distal middle cerebral artery occlusion, 23 with proximal or distal M1 middle cerebral artery occlusion and three with lenticulostriate arteria infarction), and 44 children with presumed perinatal venous infarction. Magnetic resonance imaging obtained at the chronic stage was used to evaluate the vascular syndrome of stroke. Results The median follow‐up time was 15.1 years (95% CI: 12.4–16.5 years), epilepsy developed in 19/83 (22.9%) patients. The cumulative probability to be without epilepsy at 15 years was 75.4% (95% CI: 65.8–86.4). The probability of having epilepsy was higher in the group of proximal or distal M1 artery occlusion compared to patients with periventricular venous infarction (HR 7.2, 95% CI: 2.5–26, p  = .0007). Patients with periventricular venous infarction had significantly more often status epilepticus or spike–wave activation in sleep ≥85% of it compared to patients with anterior or posterior trunk of the distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (OR = 81; 95% CI: 1.3–5046, p  = .029). Significance The emphasis of this study is placed on classifying the vascular syndrome of perinatal stroke and on the targeted follow‐up of patients for epilepsy until young adulthood. The risk for having epilepsy after perinatal stroke is the highest in children with proximal or distal M1 middle cerebral artery occlusion. Patients with periventricular venous infarction have a more severe course of epilepsy.

The effect of solution plasma treatment on the microbial safety and quality characteristics of albumen

The aim of this study was to make eggs microbially safe and increase their durability without damaging the functional properties of the albumen and preserving the solubility of its proteins as much as possible by the solution plasma technique. The pH, Brix, density, and viscosity values of samples decreased during treatment ( p  < .05 except pH). Although the L * and a * values of both the albumen and egg foam decreased, the b *, hue angle, and chroma values of both increased during treatment. The L * and a * values of the albumen decreased by 7.01 and 1.89 units, and the values of the egg foam decreased by 10.93 and 1.03 units, respectively. At the end of the treatment, foaming capacity and foam stability were decreased by 25% and 21.42%, respectively. Foaming capacity values obtained as a result of this treatment were higher and foam stability values were lower compared to the values obtained in pasteurization of eggs by heat treatment. The count of the two pathogenic bacteria inoculated into the albumen decreased during the treatment ( p  < .05), the count of Salmonella Enteritidis decreased to 0, and the count of Staphylococcus aureus decreased by 1.09 log cfu/g at the end of the treatment. Compared to current heat treatments, solution plasma treatment caused significantly less adverse effects on albumen quality characteristics. In particular, the foaming properties of the albumen were much less affected by this method and remained at higher values compared to the values achieved by other methods. The treatment also produced a microbiologically safer product.

One‐Step Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Dimer Diamine‐Based Autocatalytic Polyol for the Preparation of Polyurethane Foams

Herein, this work reports the facile synthesis of a dimer diamine‐based autocatalytic polyol (ACP) and its use in polyurethane foam preparation. The ACP, namely TETRAOL is synthesized in one step, without using solvent, and with 100% atom economy. Additionally, a phosphorous‐modified polyol is synthesized by using 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) and castor oil. In this study, all of the polyol components of the foams are of vegetable oil origin, and amine or tin‐based auxiliary catalysts are not used. The structures of the synthesized autocatalytic polyol as well as other bio‐polyols are characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. The densities, rise and gel time values, and thermal and mechanical properties of the foams are determined and compared to foams prepared by using a petroleum‐based commercial ACP. The bio‐based TETRAOL‐containing foams display comparable densities and improve thermal properties but longer rise and gel time values concerning the foam prepared by using the commercial ACP.

Thiol‐Ene Photo Crosslinked PUA‐PUMA‐Based Flexible Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Crosslinked polymer films, formed via sol–gel and UV photocrosslinking, serve as gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) in lithium‐ion batteries. Combining polyurethane acrylate (PUA), polyurethane methacrylate (PUMA), pentaerythritol tetrakis (3‐mercaptopropionate) (PETMP), and 3‐mercaptopropyl trimetoxysilane (MPTMS) yields flexible membranes, enhancing stability and liquid electrolyte compatibility. The resulting GPE displays higher ionic conductivity (1.46 × 10 −3 S cm −1 ) than Celgrad2500, with PUA‐PUMA's hydrophilicity and PETMP's SH groups preventing leakage. GPPF1, the developed GPE, offers improved ionic conductivity, a stable electrochemical window up to 3.8 V, and heightened safety for versatile energy storage systems.

Stock identification and age prediction of Red Mullet Mullus barbatus in the western Black Sea (Türkiye) as inferred from otolith shape descriptors

Abstract Objective In this study, we applied shape analysis to differentiate two Red Mullet Mullus barbatus stocks in the western Black Sea and assessed the generalized linear model (GLM) for age prediction based on otolith dimensions and weight. Methods Sagittal otoliths from 259 fish were collected by commercial bottom trawl vessels in İğneada and Şile, Türkiye, between October 2017 and April 2018. Otolith shape was described using wavelet transformation (contour shape) along with four morphometric characteristics (otolith length, area, width, and perimeter) and six shape indices (circularity, rectangularity, form factor, roundness, ellipticity, and aspect ratio) to reveal differences between the two regions. Shape indices were explored using multivariate statistical methods, including multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and canonical discriminant analysis (CDA). Canonical analysis of principal coordinates (CAP) provided an overview of the differentiation in the otolith outline shape between the two stocks by using the wavelet coefficients. The GLMs predicted age using otolith size parameters, shape indices, and otolith weight. Result The MANOVA showed no significant differences between sexes but notable differences between right and left otoliths. The CDA achieved a discrimination rate of 65.7% for age 1 and 64.8% for age 3, indicating distinct local populations. The otolith contours varied between Red Mullet sampled in the two regions, with CAP achieving an overall accuracy of 67.1% for both regions, 68.12% accuracy for İğneada, and 66.20% accuracy for Şile. The GLMs identified otolith length, weight, width, and perimeter and fish sex as key factors, with otolith length being the most significant predictor for age estimation. Conclusion The close alignment of observed and estimated ages highlights the potential for using otolith length in age estimation.

DICER1 syndrome with hepatoblastoma and pleuropulmonary blastoma

Capillary blood self‐collection for high‐throughput proteomics

Abstract In this study, we sought to compare protein concentrations obtained from a high‐throughput proteomics platform (Olink) on samples collected using capillary blood self‐collection (with the Tasso+ device) versus standard venipuncture (control). Blood collection was performed on 20 volunteers, including one sample obtained via venipuncture and two via capillary blood using the Tasso+ device. Tasso+ samples were stored at 2°C–8°C for 24‐hs (Tasso‐24) or 48‐h (Tasso‐48) prior to processing to simulate shipping times from a study participant's home. Proteomics were analyzed using Olink (384 Inflammatory Panel). Tasso+ blood collection was successful in 37/40 attempts. Of 230 proteins included in our analysis, Pearson correlations ( r) and mean coefficient of variation (CV) between Tasso‐24 or Tasso‐48 versus venipuncture were variable. In the Tasso‐24 analysis, 34 proteins (14.8%) had both a correlation r >  0.5 and CV < 0.20. In the Tasso‐48 analysis, 68 proteins (29.6%) had a correlation r >  0.5 and CV < 0.20. Combining the Tasso‐24 and Tasso‐48 analyses, 26 (11.3%) proteins met these thresholds. We concluded that protein concentrations from Tasso+ samples processed 24–48 h after collection demonstrated wide technical variability and variable correlation with a venipuncture gold‐standard. Use of home capillary blood self‐collection for large‐scale proteomics should be limited to select proteins with good agreement with venipuncture.

Shoulder structures and strength in competitive preadolescent swimmers: A longitudinal ultrasonographic study

Background Repetitive shoulder movements during competitive training may cause changes in the strength of periarticular shoulder structures in preadolescent swimmers. Objective To prospectively determine the effects of training on shoulder periarticular structures and muscle strength in preadolescent swimmers. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Community‐based natatorium. Participants Twenty‐four preadolescent swimmers aged 10–12 years. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Measurements were repeated in three periods as preseason, midseason, and postseason. Ultrasonographic measurements (supraspinatus tendon thickness, humeral head cartilage thickness, deltoid muscle thickness, and acromiohumeral distance) were performed using a portable device and a linear probe. Shoulder (flexion, extension, abduction, internal and external rotation) and back (serratus anterior, lower, and middle trapezius) isometric muscle strength were measured with a handheld dynamometer. Results Supraspinatus tendon thickness and acromiohumeral distance were similar in all periods (all p  > .05); however, deltoid muscle and humeral head cartilage thicknesses increased throughout the season ( p  = .002, p  = .008, respectively). Likewise, whereas shoulder muscle strength increased (all p  < .05), back muscle strength was similar in all periods (all p  > .05). Conclusions In preadolescent swimmers, acromiohumeral distance and supraspinatus tendon thickness seem to not change; but humeral head cartilage and deltoid muscle thicknesses as well as shoulder muscle strength increase throughout the season.