The study conducted on 400 aborted women and 30 healthy women as control groups. All these cases were defined as suspected with Toxoplasma gondii and examined by measuring IgG & IgM serum level when attended to Public Health Laboratory, in An-Najaf province from November 2015 to May 2016.seventy eight out of 400 (19.5 %) women were found infected with T. gondii by this test, only 23 positive samples were used in polymerase chain reaction – restriction fragment length polymorphism for detection genotypes of T. gondii strains By use three restriction enzymes MseI to nested PCR products GRA6 and BsiE1 & TaqI to nested PCR BTUB products, to detected strain types of Toxoplasma gondii . The results are : 13 of type I (60%), 6 of type II (25 %), and 4 of type III (15%). This can provide possible additional studies of high importance, as they will provide better understanding of the different strains of parasite genotypes is present in samples and how different genotypes are circulating nature. All the evidence provided might be helpful for showing the association between strains type of T. gondii and toxoplasmosis in infected women and aid in providing preventive actions.
The aim of the research is to enhance the specifications of adhesives used in the treatment of cracks in the walls of buildings and concrete ceilings in addition to the oxide zirconium nanoparticles. Use epoxy resins and added ZrO2 by weight ratio (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9)%and using the in situ method for Preparation nano composites. To make the mechanical tests (tensile and impact), adhesion test (shear bonding and pull off tests), thermal expansion. The results of the mechanical tests and adhesion test showed that all of the above tests improved the specifications of epoxy resin with the addition of zirconium. The strength of the overlapping material was increased by increasing the percentage of zirconium to 5% and then the strength and stiffness of the material decreased by increasing the ratio (7, 9%) due to the phenomenon of aggregation of nanoparticles.
The urologists have several options for treating ureteral stones in the range of 8-15mm. Of that range, this study makes a comparison between ESWL and ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy in the treatment of ureteric stone. In spite of that ureteroscopy and ESWL are invasive procedures, still there is controversy which of them is more suitable for treating ureteral stones condition. Study Aim: This study conducts a review to compare the effectiveness, safety and complications of using ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy and ESWL in treating of ureteral stones. Study Methods: Eighty ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy or ESWL-treated patients between April 2016 and April 2017 in Al-Diwaneyah teaching hospital who is having 8–14mm single radiopaque ureteral stone, were assessed. All of the patients in the study sample were subjected to follow-up period of seven months using ultrasonography. Then, comparison was made to identify stone clearance rate, potential complications and cost. Study Results: Results show that There is resemblance in treatment time and stone clearance rate between the two treatments. Generally, the total cost, the procedural time and analgesia requirements and were noticeably variant. Additionally, gross hematuria and renal colic were more frequent with ESWL procedure, while the voiding symptoms show more frequency with ureteroscopy procedure. The two procedures that were applied for the treatment of 8-14mm range ureteral stones proved to be the least invasive and secure.
Diabetes nephropathy (DN) is characterized by gathering of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the kidney. Extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation could influence by high glucose concentration through the activities of MMPs. ECM gathering is engaged in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are types of enzymes, which are mostly parted in ECM homeostasis. In normal kidneys, Gelatinase A (MMP-2) are the most important MMPs, so they may be studied as earlier and more specific markers for DN. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of MMP-2 as new indicators in diabetic patients. The study included 20 normal people as a control group and 67 samples collected from Al-Faihaa center for diabetes. Lipids profile were measured and MMP-2 levels detected by ELISA technique. The results showed cholesterol levels were at normal rates in control group, and at low risk levels in diabetes groups. Also the low risk levels of triglycerides were detected in diabetes groups, Furthermore, the risk values of HDLCholesterol was detected in group 2 significant increase in the MMp-2 concentration in patients with age 30 years or older which could be as an early sign of diabetes disease.
A field study was conducted in Diwaniyah city at the winter season 2017-2018 for studying the effect of the set size and Nanocarbon compounds on the growth and yield of onion plant Allium cepa L. three set sizes (small, medium and large ) and two Nanocarbon concentrations(0 and 500 mg / L) were used in the experiment. A range of vegetative traits including plant height and number of leaves, total leaf area, chlorophyll rate and number of roots were studied. In addition to yield characteristics that includes number of bulbs, fresh and dry weight and productivity. The results showed that set size and Nanocarbon compounds significantly affected the vegetative growth of the studied plants. plants planted with large sets and treated by 500 mg/L Nano-carbon scored the best results for plant height, chlorophyll rate and leaf area. In which, it recorded the highest plant height (70.1 cm), and the maximum chlorophyll content (80.18 mg/ml), and the maximum leaf area (5.21 cm 2 ), compared to control treatment which scored (26.5 cm), (47.59 mg/ml), (2.21cm 2 ) for the same parameters above. The number of leaves/plants increased with the increase in set size while it decreased when treated by all Nano-carbon concentration. The large set gave the highest number of leaves/plants when not treated by Nanocarbon as it reached 8.5 leaves, in comparison with those treated by Nanocarbon and the comparison treatment which reached 7.1and 7.5 respectively. The plants planted with medium sets and treated by (500 mg/L) of Nanocarbon gave the largest number of roots/plant reached 90.1 root, compared to control plants, which have 68 root only. large set plants treated by 500mg/L. carbon nanotubes increased The number of double bulbs, fresh weight, dry weight and productivity increased to 7.9, 31.01g, 9.0 g and 70.017respectively in compare to control plants which scored 1.8, 27.59g, 2.531g and 64.636 for the same parameters respectively.
Tobacco smoking is affecting fundamental aspects of human health. This preliminary study was set to investigate the effect of tobacco smoking on the salivary pH. The saliva is an essential part of healthy oral cavity, it is mostly made of water and also contains other substances that your body needs to digest food and keep your teeth strong. Smoking is expected to have an effect on salivary pH. The salivary pH levels were measured using digital pH meter in 100 voluntary participants in Baghdad- Iraq. The participants were divided into two groups of 50 subjects in each group: smokers and non-smokers. Along with that, the reasons behind tobacco smoking also were investigated in a separate group of 82 smokers using a prepared questioner for this purpose. The results showed decrease salivary pH average levels in the tobacco smokers compare to the non-smoker group (7.058 and 7.168 respectively), however, these differences did not reach the significant level. Regarding the investigation of the reasons behind tobacco smoking habit, seeking for fun, overcome psychiatric problem, anger, friendship, relieves stress and anxiety and work problems (((29 (35.4%), (28(34.1%), 27(32.9%), 22(26.8%), 22(26.8%), 21(25.6%) respectively, were on the top of the listed reasons for smoking tobacco cigarettes stated by the questioned participants. Participants who think that cigarettes could help to relieve boredom (age average 35.3 yrs (17-55 yrs) smoke the largest number of cigarettes (30(20-60) compare to those who smoke for other reasons.
This study investigates the influence of the initial pH on the removal of reactive black 5 dye (RB5) from water using electrocoagulation (EC) reactor supplied with aluminium electrodes. The influence of the initial pH has been investigated by commencing several sets of continuous flow experiments at five different initial pH values (4, 5, 6, 7, and 8) keeping the current density, inter-electrodes distance, and the concentration of RB5 constant at 2 mA/cm 2 , 4 mm, and 25 mg/L, respectively. The obtained results showed that the removal efficiency increased gradually as the initial pH increased from 4 to 6 to reach its maximum level (96%) at the neutral range of pH, then it decreased to 74% as the initial pH increased to 8. This change of the removal efficiency with the initial pH could be attributed to the predominant species of aluminium coagulants, where in alkaline and acidic conditions; the prevailing species have low adsorption capacity for pollutants. While, in the neutral range of pH, the predominant species have high adsorption capacity for pollutants.
Many of the Iraqi agricultural researches are used spraying technique to add chemical products including pesticides and growth regulators. Various studies were performed to study the effect of these substances at different concentrations to improve plant production. In order to adopt specific criteria of spraying researches and to replicate them easily, it is a necessary to mention all information related to the spraying processes and regulations for improving sprayer’s performance by increasing the amount of pesticide deposited on the target. The current study aims to survey Iraqi researches in details and analyse them randomly. Also, to highlight on the importance of information applied in spraying techniques and its relationship with improving of agricultural production. The survey showed most of these researches does not mention sufficiently the basic information, especially in the spraying or calibrating processes. These processes are important to ensure the best distribution of spraying in the field depending on type of sprayer, nozzle type, and operating pressure. Also, some of these researches do not show the application rate of pesticide and the factors affected on it, which may lead to imbalance in homogenization of the pesticide distribution. This study recommended using a power sprayer to avoid the misapplication in droplets distribution in comparison with packback sprayers, which have a complication in the operating pressure and nozzle height regulation. Another recommendation was a necessity to select the perfect nozzle type that agrees with the global publications.