The bioaccessibility, antioxidant activity, and bioactive and volatile compounds of freeze-dried Asian pear powder (FDAPP) and hot air-dried Asian pear powder (HDAPP) were investigated. Compared to FDAPP, HDAPP exhibited significantly ( p < 0.05) higher total phenolic, arbutin, and bioaccessible phenolic contents and the ferric reducing ability of plasma for the free phenolic fraction. However, all antioxidant activities for the bound phenolic fraction were lower in HDAPP, which could contribute to the release of bound antioxidant components due to cell rupture in the HDAPP. Based on the volatile profile, hot air drying provided a sweet as well as attractive flavor in the Asian pear powder (APP). Considering economic viability, higher levels of bioactive compounds, and desirable aromatic properties, hot air drying is the better option compared to freeze-drying for APP production, which could be used as a functional ingredient in food products.
Grapefruit and lemon were exposed to phytosanitary irradiation doses of 0, 0.4, and 1 kGy, and then electronic-sensing screening of irradiation status and identification of radiation-induced ESR markers were conducted during 20 days storage. Codex standard photostimulated luminescence measurement (PSL 1 ) was not a reliable indicator of irradiation status. Electronic tongue and electronic nose, however, showed potential as screening tools for discriminating irradiated fruits from non-irradiated counterparts based on principal component analysis of taste attributes and flavor patterns. Calibrated PSL approach clearly distinguished irradiated from non-irradiated samples based on the PSL ratio (PSL 2 /PSL 1 ). Verification of irradiation status by electron spin resonance spectroscopy revealed clear paramagnetic centers from both irradiated fruits samples and ethanol-vacuum drying pretreatment improved radiation-induced ESR signal detection; not prominent enough in 0.4 kGy-irradiated commodities during 20 days of storage. Peel parts of both fruits showed high limonene which proportionally increased with irradiation doses ( p < 0.05 kGy).
The aim of this paper is to introduce the concept of generalized multivalued $$\left( \varUpsilon ,\varLambda \right) $$ Υ , Λ-contractions and generalized multivalued $$\left( \varUpsilon ,\varLambda \right) $$ Υ , Λ-Suzuki contractions and introduce some new common fixed point results for such maps in complete b -metric spaces. Our results are an improvement of the Liu et al. fixed point theorem and several comparable results in the existing literature.We set up an example to elucidate our main result. Moreover, we also discuss an application to existence of solution for system of functional equations.
Cleft palate is a common oral and craniomaxillofacial birth defect. As the ideal surgery time is shortly after birth, clinical treatments should result in minimal disruption of theskeleton to allow tissue growth in children. A tissue-engineered graft was created in this study for cleft palate repair by integrating poly(1,8-octamethylene-citrate) (POC) with a decellularized amnion membrane (DAM-POC) to incorporate the advantages of both the synthetic polymer and the native tissue. The success of POC incorporation was confirmed by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and fluorescence detection. The DAM-POC scaffold showed a certain level of structure collapse and lower stiffness but better resistance to enzyme digestion than the native amnion and DAM scaffold. The DAM-POC scaffold is cell compatible when seeded with mesenchymal stem cells, as evidenced by adequate cell viability and improved alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposit. A large palate defect was first surgically created in a young rat model and then repaired with the DAM-POC scaffold. Eight weeks postsurgery, histological study and CT scans showed nearly complete healing of both soft and hard tissues. In conclusion, we developed a cell-free, resorbable graft by incorporating and integrating a synthetic polymer with a human DAM. When the DAM-POC scaffold was applied to repair a large palate defect in young rats, it showed adequate biocompatibility as evidenced by its effectiveness in guiding hard and soft tissue regeneration and minimum interference with natural growth and palate development of rats. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Proper restoration of severe cleft palate remains a major challenge because of insufficient autologous soft tissues to close the open wounds, thereby causing high tension at the surgical junction, secondary palatal fistulas, wound contraction, scar tissue formation, and facial growth disturbances. In this study, we have developed a tissue-engineered graft through incorporating and integrating a synthetic polymer with the human amnion membrane for cleft palate repair. The significance of this study lies in our ability to develop a cell-free, resorbable graft that can provide a less surgically invasive option to cover the open defect and support palate regeneration and tissue growth. This technique could potentially advance soft and hard tissue regeneration in children with birth craniomaxillofacial defects.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors play an increasing role in oncologic care. PD-L1 expression is associated with survival and predicts response to PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors in a variety of tumors. Our aim is to evaluate the frequency and prognostic significance of PD-L1 expression in salivary duct carcinoma.
A 39-year-old female avid marathon runner presented with an abnormal chest radiograph obtained during preoperative evaluation prior to bilateral knee replacement because of osteoarthritis. As shown in Figure 1, chest radiograph revealed a focal nodular opacity in the middle lobe. She did not have any prior imaging for comparison.
Ferroptosis, regulated cell death characterized by the iron-dependent accumulation of lethal lipid reactive oxygen species, contributes to tissue homeostasis and numerous pathologies, and it may be exploited for therapy. Cells differ in their sensitivity to ferroptosis, however, and a key challenge is to understand mechanisms that contribute to resistance. Using RNA-seq to identify genes that contribute to ferroptosis resistance, we discovered that pro-ferroptotic stimuli, including inhibition of the lipid hydroperoxidase GPX4 and detachment from the extracellular matrix, induce expression of prominin2, a pentaspanin protein implicated in regulation of lipid dynamics. Prominin2 facilitates ferroptosis resistance in mammary epithelial and breast carcinoma cells. Mechanistically, prominin2 promotes the formation of ferritin-containing multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and exosomes that transport iron out of the cell, inhibiting ferroptosis. These findings reveal that ferroptosis resistance can be driven by a prominin2-MVB-exosome-ferritin pathway and have broad implications for iron homeostasis, intracellular trafficking, and cancer.