Secondary Postpartum Haemorrhage following vaginal delivery — a 3-year survey of causes and management

Secondary postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is a serious complication of childbirth and a life-threatening condition that may lead to infertility amongst women during the reproductive age groups. The objective of this study is to highlight the underlying causes of secondary PPH and outcomes for patients who delivered vaginally, with the aim of reducing maternal mortality and morbidity.

Wavelet Neural Networks for Speed Control of BLDC Motor

COVID 19 Vertical Transmission: A Growing Concern

Context: COVID 19 vertical transmission is a great concern in different aspects of mother, child, healthcare staff and community safety and protection. There is lack of definitive evidence confirming or declining mother to child COVID 19 transmission. This article is an update on this challenging issue. Evidence Acquisition: This article is a comprehensive search in scientific major database from 1 January 2020 up to 25 April 2020 with the key words of “COVID 19” and “vertical transmission” or “neonatal”. Two researchers reviewed all selected articles to extract data about neonatal COVID 19 and vertical transmission. Those reports that provided the results of PCR on fetus or neonate blood, amniotic fluid or pharyngeal secretion samples or elevated COVID 19 specific IgM were included. Those reports based on clinical COVID 19 characteristics or radiological findings were not included in data extraction. Thirty six articles have been reviewed and evidence supporting or against COVID 19 Vertical transmission have been extracted and discussed. Results: Most previous studies on vertical COVID 19 transmission have been tested placenta, amniotic fluid, cord blood and newborn blood or pharyngeal swab sample using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) that may show false negative results due to suboptimal sampling or inefficient viral load. Increased COVID 19 specific IgG/IgM antibodies have been reported in newborns from COVID 19 mothers; however, data is limited and longitudinal follow up is needed. Evidence supporting COVID 19 vertical transmission: Recent reports indicated that pharyngeal PCR test turned positive in first few hours of life in several neonates. Also increased level of COVID 19 specific IgM and IgG antibodies in newborns to COVID 19 positive mothers were observed. Rate of perinatal complications were higher among newborns of COVID 19 mothers. Evidence against COVID 19 vertical transmission: All tissue or blood specimens and pharyngeal swab qRT-PCR tests among neonates born from COVID 19 mothers were negative. Rate of cross reactivity and false positive results are high in serologic studies. Conclusions: COVID 19 vertical transmission is a growing health care concern that needs further investigation; however, it is suggested to be equipped with PPE on contacts with both COVID 19 pregnant woman and her newborn baby and apply early separation, isolation, testing and close follow up for both mother and child.

EQ: An Eigen Image Quality Assessment based on the Complement Feature

An Eigen formulation is proposed for image quality assessment IQA. Each block is represented by an array composed of feature vectors (intensity/color at this stage). After attaching the complement feature(s), the autocorrelation matrix is computed for each block. The proposed full reference FR-IQA is simply the deviation of the Eigen values of the degraded image from that of the original image. Interestingly, the second largest Eigen value was sufficient to perform this comparison. Results and comparisons with SSIM and GMSD schemes on different types of degradation are demonstrated to show the effectiveness of the proposed schemes. Using TID2013 database, the proposed scheme outperforms SSIM. In addition, the proposed schemes is closer to the MOS score compared to GMSD; however, the correlation with MOS is inferior as illustrated in the tables. These results are concluded from the average behaviour on all the images using all degradations (with 5 levels) on the database.

Exploring challenges of preparing authentic English language tests in secondary and preparatory schools: The case of Gamo, Gofa and Konso zones in Southern Ethiopia

The main objective of this research was to study challenges of preparing authentic English language tests in Ethiopian six secondary schools. The focus was to assess current challenges in the preparation of authentic and communicative language tests. To this end, interviews and FGD with English language teachers were made and hence, 61 teachers were taken as the sample for the study from six secondary schools: Arba Minch, Chamo, Konso, Chencha, Gidole and Sawla secondary and preparatory schools using available sampling technique. Finally, the finding of the study shows that teachers have problems in preparing authentic language tests because of six main challenges: Large class size, student’s low motivation, teachers’ language proficiency, the test setting and absence of authentic materials.   Key words: Challenges, test, authentic test.

Double diffusion in square porous cavity subjected to conjugate heat transfer

Double diffusion inside a square porous cavity being subjected to conjugate heat transfer arising because of the square solid block at the center is studied under homogeneous properties. The double diffusive equations along with the conjugate effect due to square block are subjected to solution through finite element method (FEM). The right vertical surface of cavity remains at cool temperature (Tc) and concentration (Cc), whereas the hot temperature (Th) and higher concentration (Ch) is maintained at the left surface of the cavity. The investigated parameters considered are the Rayleigh number (Ra), Thermal conductivity ratio (Kr), Lewis number (Le), Buoyancy ratio (N) and the height of solid block (B). The outcomes are presented in terms of contours of concentration, isotherms and streamlines, along with local Sherwood number (Sh) and Nusselt number (Nu). The fluid is found to rush around the top left corner of solid. The mass transfer has sharp rise around the top left corner of the solid block.

Internet addiction as a comorbid condition among users with mild intellectual disability

Department of Clinical Psychology, NIMHANS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, Department of Clinical Psychology, NIMHANS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, Department of Psychiatric Social work, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, Jharkhand, India, Department of Psychiatric Social Work, NIMHANS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, SHUT Clinic, Department of Clinical Psychology, NIMHANS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, SHUT Clinic, Department of Clinical Psychology, NIMHANS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, SHUT Clinic, Department of Clinical Psychology, NIMHANS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Dates on Growth and Yield of Six Wheat Cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)

Sonographic Incidence and Characteristics of Thyroid Nodules in Various Age Groups and Gender

Investigation of Numerical Hydrodynamic Performance of Deformable Hydrofoil (Applied on Blade Propeller)

The hydrofoil is a hydro-lifting surface that significantly contributes to marine transportation such as a boat, ship, and submarine for its movement and maneuverability. The existing hydrofoils are in fixed-shaped National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) profiles, depending merely on the variation of Angle of Attack (AOA) such as rudder, hydroplane, and propeller blade. This research is concerned with the deformable hydrofoil that aims at modifying its NACA profile rather than its AOA. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about designing an appropriate deformable hydrofoil. Therefore, a numerical investigation of hydrodynamic characteristics for selected hydrofoils was conducted. After undergoing the 2D numerical analysis (potential flow method) at specific conditions, several NACA profiles were chosen based on the performance of NACA profiles. NACA 0017 was selected as the initial shape for this research before it deformed to the optimized NACA profiles, NACA 6417, 8417, and 9517. The 3D CFD simulations using the finite volume method to obtain hydrodynamic characteristics at 0 deg AOA with a constant flow rate. The mesh sensitivity and convergence study are carried out to get consistent, validated, and reliable results. The final CFD modeled for propeller VP 1304 for open water test numerically. The results found that the performance of symmetry hydrofoil NACA 0017 at maximum AOA is not the highest compared to the other deformed NACA profiles at 0 deg AOA. The numerical open water test showed that the error obtained on K.T., K.Q., and efficiency is less than 8% compared to the experimental results. It shows that the results were in good agreement, and the numerical CFD setting can be used for different deformed profiles in the future.