Journals
2026 EN
Mohammed Nyan Tahir · Ahmed Sayran Mahmud · Saed Naz Fayaq
+3 more
Green cabbage is valued for its high nutritional content, making it a key focus for sustainable production improvements. This study aimed to evaluate the individual and combined effects of an algal extract (ALGE) and calcium nanoparticles (CaNPs) on growth and quality traits of green cabbage. A Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) was used with three ALGE application rates (0, 0.5 and 1 kg ha ‒1 ) and three CaNPs concentrations (0, 100 and 200 mg l ‒1 ). Results indicated that the highest ALGE rate (1 kg ha ‒1 ) combined with the highest CaNPs concentration (200 mg l ‒1 ) significantly outperformed other treatments across most measured variables, including main root number, stem diameter, plant yield and biomass, carotenoid content, total antioxidant activity, nitrogen, phosphorus and magnesium. The control consistently recorded the lowest values across most traits. These findings confirm the synergistic effect of ALGE and CaNPs in enhancing the physiological and biochemical performance of cabbage plants. The study highlights the potential of combining natural biostimulants and nanoparticles to reduce dependence on synthetic inputs. It is recommended that farmers and researchers consider integrating these eco-friendly inputs to promote the production of nutrient-rich cabbage and support more sustainable agricultural practices.
Journals
2026 EN
AlGethami Raed Hamoud M. · N. Al-Switi Ibrahim · Mohammed Al-Otaibi Wafa
+2 more
Heavy metal contamination of aquatic ecosystems is a pathway of risk to human health. This study measured cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) concentrations in the water, muscles and gills of Epinephelus chlorostigma from Saudi Arabian Dammam and Jubail regions. It also examined DNA and RNA concentrations and their ratio in these tissues to evaluate the associated genetic effect. Cd and Pb were slightly higher in Jubail. Cadmium was significantly lower in gill for Dammam ( p <0.01) compared to Jubail. Jubail samples showed insignificant increase in DNA concentration and the RNA/DNA ratios in gill with decreased RNA level compared to Dammam. Conversely, muscles showed higher DNA, RNA contents and RNA/DNA ratio ( p <0.05) for Dammam compared to Jubail. Histopathological changes were shown in tissues due to heavy metal exposure. In general, heavy metals concentrations, compared to the permissible edible limits set by FAO/WHO, suggest that some health concerns should be taken into consideration.
Resource
2026 EN
Wuni Ibrahim Yahaya · Grieves Michael · Yamin Muhammad Junaid
+1 more
The digital twin (DT) concept has gained momentum in the scientific community and industry. However, critics claim that the tremendous traction of DT and its deployment in several industries has the tendency to blur the original meaning of the concept. Consequently, this study compiled 358 DT definitions and iteratively developed a coding framework with 26 dimensions to analyse the current understanding of the concept among scholars and practitioners. The results indicate that there is a bifurcation of consensus among scholars and practitioners regarding the understanding of the DT concept. The analysis revealed that 66.48% of the sample definitions accurately conceptualised the DT and captured all its necessary elements, whereas the remaining 33.52% of the sample definitions described a digital model rather than a digital twin. The results further revealed 15 services and 10 enabling technologies of the DT concept, represented in the 358 definitions. The study offered a unified visual definition of a DT, which captures, in detail, the necessary elements of a DT. Thus, the study offers some transparency and clarity regarding the current understanding of the DT concept, which could contribute to the coherence and a shared understanding of the concept.
Journals
2026 EN
Ibrahim Kedir Jemal
Rangeland enclosures have notable socioecological and livelihoods effects since they affect patterns of traditional ecosystem governance. This study analyses the socioecological effects of rangeland enclosures in Somaliland. The study uses a mixed-method research approach. The primary data required for the study were collected from a randomly selected sample and key informants. The secondary data were collected from satellite imagery. Simple descriptive analysis was used to analyse the primary quantitative and qualitative data. Satellite imagery was analysed using unsupervised methods to assess ecological change. The study indicates that private enclosures have significant socioecological effects in Baligubadle. They have changed land use from a traditional, communal grazing to private ownership. It also eroded traditional customary laws governing patterns of transhumance livestock movements. Moreover, the process has converted the coverage of woodlands, shrublands and bushlands, with 37.84% of shrublands and bushlands converted to agricultural land and 24.13% of them converted to open grassland. The process has converted 22.1% of woodlands to agricultural land. In contrast, in a public enclosure in Aroori, shrublands and bushlands have increased by 27%. This brought about a significant improvement in the regeneration of indigenous plant species. The effort to mitigate the adverse socio-ecological consequences of enclosure requires integrated and long-term interventions. Strengthening the role and power of customary institutions and increasing the contributions of land enclosures for environmental sustainability. It is also important developing rangeland-specific and sustainability-informed policy to improve the use and governance of lands and balance the interests of multiple stakeholders.
Journals
2026 EN
Amoah Edward Idun · McCloskey Peter · Ouedraogo Rimnoma Serge
+19 more
Nature-based climate solutions, such as agroforestry, offer potential for carbon sequestration while providing co-benefits. However, the lack of scalable and low-cost measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) systems limits smallholder participation in carbon markets. This study presents the DiameterAlgorithm, a non-contact method for tree diameter estimation using semantic segmentation and two-dimensional photogrammetry. The fine-tuned model achieved a mean intersection over union (mIoU) of 0.937. The algorithm was tested on image datasets from managed trees settings in Kenya ( n = 142) and Pennsylvania, USA ( n = 40), with regression analysis showing high accuracy (R² = 0.97, RMSE = 2.20–2.23 cm). Bias analysis showed slight overestimation for small to medium trees (5–35 cm DBH) and underestimation for larger trees (>36 cm DBH), with an overall mean bias of +0.68 cm. Coupled with allometric equations, the DiameterAlgorithm enables scalable, site-level biomass estimation for carbon markets.
Journals
2026 EN
Erbayram Tenzile · Elbatal Ibrahim · Akdoğan Yunus
+1 more
This study presents a comparative analysis of parameter estimation methods for the discrete Poisson–Ailamujia distribution, a model suitable for rare-event data that has received limited attention in the statistical literature, under both simple random sampling (SRS) and ranked set sampling (RSS) frameworks. Common estimation techniques, including maximum likelihood (ML), least squares (LS), and weighted least squares (WLS), are assessed through extensive Monte Carlo simulations using three different parameter configurations. To evaluate the accuracy and robustness of the estimators, performance metrics such as mean squared error (MSE), mean relative error (MRE), and bias are employed, enabling a detailed comparison across sampling schemes and parameter settings. The results indicate that the ML method consistently outperforms the other approaches in terms of both bias and MSE for all sampling designs and parameter configurations. Moreover, the RSS method provides greater accuracy and efficiency than SRS across all estimation techniques. Applications to real datasets from domains including education research, epidemiology, and disaster risk analysis align with the simulation findings. Overall, the results suggest that combining the ML approach with RSS yields substantial methodological advantages, particularly when datasets are small or high estimation accuracy is required.
Resource
2026 EN
Omer Mihad · Omer Omer I. · Ali Mohammed
+1 more
The use of phytochemicals as a dietary therapy for colitis has not yet gained sufficient momentum to be widely adopted as a validated therapeutic approach, primarily due to a lack of robust scientific evidence supporting their efficacy. This review aims to investigate, discuss, and evaluate interventional studies conducted on animal models that utilize phytochemicals as a therapeutic intervention for colitis. By doing so, it seeks to enhance our understanding of their mechanisms of action and contribute to the growing body of scientific knowledge, ultimately aiding in the formulation of evidence-based nutritional guidelines for patients with colitis. An extensive literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Web of Science, with a particular focus on the most recent studies published between 2020 and 2024. The search prioritized in vitro and in vivo studies on animal models that explore the mechanisms through which dietary interventions employing phytochemicals alleviate colitis. The findings reveal that various categories of phytochemicals in general and the sub polyphenols category are effective in mitigating colitis through multiple pathways. Notably, studies investigating combinations of phytochemicals have demonstrated greater therapeutic potential, suggesting possible synergistic effects. However, further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying these synergistic interactions. While the majority of interventional studies have utilized animal models, there is a critical need for human clinical trials to validate these findings. Such studies are essential to support the development of reliable nutritional guidelines and to translate preclinical findings into practical dietary recommendations for patients with colitis.
Journals
2026 EN
Yanik Ibrahim Emre
This ethnographic study explores the experiences of formerly incarcerated Muslims returning to a small city in upstate New York, highlighting their journey of navigating profound habitus changes, lingering disciplinary behaviors from prison, and the welcoming embrace of local faith communities. Drawing on six months of participant observation and interviews with Imams, chaplains, and congregants at a local masjid, the research identifies four core themes. First, chaplains serve as crucial “liminal figures,” bridging highly structured prison life and less regulated community contexts. Second, while institutional routines like “count time” reflexes persist, they represent a starting point from which new habits are formed. Third, the shift from carceral routines to unstructured social environments presents an opportunity for growth and adaptation, supported by the faith community. Finally, Imams and the mosque community play a pivotal role in this transition, providing spiritual guidance, practical resources, and a powerful sense of belonging that fosters successful reintegration. Integrating multiple theoretical frameworks, this study highlights the promise of holistic, culturally sensitive reentry initiatives that empower returning citizens by addressing both material needs and the profound psychological journey of post-incarceration life.
Resource
2026 EN
Nur Amira Ibrahim · Norhisam Misron · Hairul Faizi Hairulnizam
+2 more
The growing demand for compact and reliable renewable energy systems has intensified research into Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators (PMSGs) for low-speed applications. This study presents the integration and experimental validation of an S-shaped Interior Embedded Double Stator Generator (S-shaped IEDSG) combined with a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller and a Battery Management System (BMS). A comparative experimental investigation was conducted using three coil configurations, namely inner stator, outer stator, and double stator, to evaluate their charging thresholds, current outputs, and charging durations under different operating speeds. The inner stator produced the highest peak charging power of 263 W but required a higher operating speed of 650 rpm to begin charging. The outer stator started charging at a lower speed of 150 rpm but exhibited lower current and longer charging time exceeding 500 minutes. The double stator configuration demonstrated balanced performance by combining early charging initiation, sustained high power output of about 250 W, and shorter total charging time of less than 400 minutes. These findings confirm that integrating the S-shaped IEDSG with the MPPT controller and BMS enhances charging performance and stability, establishing its potential as a compact and reliable solution for small-scale renewable energy systems such as pico-hydro and wind power generation.
Resource
2026 EN
Bashir Olaniyi Sadiq · Mohammed Dahiru Buhari · Yale Ibrahim Danjuma
+1 more
Flying Ad Hoc Networks (FANETs) face significant challenges in maintaining reliable peer-to-peer (P2P) communication due to high node mobility, dynamic network topologies, and uncertain link quality, which collectively degrade throughput, energy efficiency, and fairness. To address this problem, this paper proposes a Smell Agent Optimization-based Peer-to-Peer Selection (SAO-P2PS) algorithm designed to optimize peer selection under realistic channel uncertainties. The methodology uses a bio-inspired SAO framework that dynamically adapts to fluctuating link conditions by modeling peer selection as a multi-objective optimization problem, simultaneously maximizing throughput and energy efficiency while ensuring equitable resource distribution using fairness index. The algorithm incorporates uncertain link quality estimates directly into its utility function, enabling robust decision-making in highly dynamic environments. Simulation results show that SAO-P2PS significantly outperforms conventional Random Selection and Nearest-Neighbor Selection methods, achieving 25-35% higher throughput, 40-60% better energy efficiency, and maintaining fairness indices above 0.6 across varying link quality conditions. The proposed algorithm exhibits rapid convergence within 20-30 iterations and maintains stable performance despite UAV mobility and channel fluctuations. The significance of these findings lies in providing a computationally efficient, adaptive solution for real-time FANET applications where reliable P2P communication is critical for mission success. This research establishes SAO-P2PS as a foundation for intelligent peer selection strategies in next-generation aerial networks, with potential applications in disaster response, surveillance, and autonomous swarm operations in 5G-and-beyond communication ecosystems.