The present paper tries to present the orthography and pronunciation systems of both English and Arabic languages to clarify points of difficulties that Arab students encounter with pronouncing English words. So it presents the orthography and pronunciation systems in English first then that of Arabic. Both similarities and differences are shown in conclusion section of the study as main findings.
This paper examines the inequality of opportunity in the labor market in Sudan, using data of the Poverty Survey, 2014. A logit model is used with the dependent variable taking 1 if the person is employed and 0 otherwise. A set of circumstance variables are used as regressors, and ex-ante inequality of opportunity is calculated using the dissimilarity index and Shapley decomposition. Gender was associated with the largest share of inequality of opportunity, estimated at 73.41 percent. Gender-based inequality of opportunity in employment was assessed using Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition methods. The findings reveal that the average probability of accessing employment is 0.87 for men and 0.59 for women, yielding a gap of 0.274. The difference between the average group characteristics of males and females was reflected in the coefficient of endowment (0.008), representing 2.9 percent of the total difference. The bulk of the gap is attributed to differences in circumstances, as indicated by the difference of 0.249 in the coefficients, representing 90.8 percent of the total difference. This difference is interpreted as discrimination. The results call for substantial reforms, not only in the labor market but, more importantly, with regard to circumstance variables over which the individuals have no control.
Islam is a religion which guide us in all aspects of our lives, Economic Activity is also an important aspect where Islam guided us that how it is important and how the one can do his activities as per Shariah guidelines described in Qur'an o sunnah, these are divine revelation for Muslims and defined principles under which one can do his economic activities. Islam give importance to economic activities but today, as Muslims, we seem to be very active in the field of worship and try our best to fulfill it, but we are very lack in the field of economic activities, although the field of economic activities is more important than worship. This is critical because the correctness of the acts of worship depends on the correctness of the economic activities as If the principles of Shari'ah are not observed in the economic activities, then its effects on the acts of worship are also compounded. But even so, if we look at our society, we see more people who are negligent in economic activities than in worship. Apparently, the religious class also looks weak in the economic activities. While there are many other reasons for this, one of the main reasons is the lack of knowledge and awareness about this important field of Shariah. Therefore, as a Muslim, it is our responsibility to know and follow all the commands that we do in our daily lives so that we can do the correct economic activities along with worship and one should also be able to perform his duties according to the law and be entitled to the pleasure of his God. The principle stated by the jurists in the economic activities is that economic activities are permissible in nature which means that any transaction in the field of economic activities other than acts of worship will be permissible in principle, provided that the transaction should be free from Shariah prohibitions. Therefore, any transaction, whether it was made fourteen hundred years ago, whether it is a transaction in today's modern age, or a transaction in the future, in principle this transaction will be ruled to be lawful until there is no Shari'ah prohibition in it. Now the question is what are those Shariah prohibitions? We can easily divide these Shari'ah prohibitions into four categories: General Prohibitions, interest, Uncertainty/Gambling and Violation of Islamic Law of Contract. In this paper importance of economic activities, conditions and Shariah prohibitions are defined.
Muslim converts are living with several problems after the conversion, and they are disowned and separated by their original relatives. Muslims by birth call Muslim converts as 'Moula-Islam' which is keeping off them as a different segment. The aim of this research is, therefore, to identify the problems faced by Muslim converts in Anuradhapura district, Sri Lanka. This is an empirical study with the applications of qualitative and quantitative data. The study adopted the questionnaire survey and in-depth interview techniques to collect primary data and randomly selected sixty-five samples out of three hundred sixty-five Muslim coverts living in Anuradhapura district. The significant finding of the study reveals that Muslim converts are facing several socioeconomic problems including the separation from family and relatives, the language problem, financial issues, the disparity in the aspect of marriage and the occurrence of divorces among married couples. The study further highlights difficulties faced by Muslim converts in terms of Islamic knowledge, learning Al-Quran, adopting Muslim cultural identity. Muslim converts are the most vulnerable people in the Muslim community, and they do not receive financial help, including Zakat from traditional Muslims. Hence, this study argues that current problems faced by Muslim converts should be addressed meaningfully and the Muslim community and voluntary organizations should take corrective measures to improve the life of Muslim converts in the Sri Lankan context.